2022-2023學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題及答案

2022-2023學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題及答案注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚;2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，在試卷上作答無效;3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回;4.全卷共9頁，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanoughttodo?A.Loseanotherfivepounds.B.Buysomenewclothes.C.Begladaboutgainingweight.2.Whoisatthedoor?A.Adeliveryboy.B.Apostman.C.Theirneighbor.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthetelephone.B.Atthelibrary.C.Inaclassroom.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthebook?A.Interesting.B.Awful.C.Boring.5.Whydoesthewomansuggestrelaxing?A.Becausethey’vebeenworkinghardattheirjobs.B.Becausethey’vebeenstudyinghardforsometime.C.BecausetheythinkthatHamletisworthseeing.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第8三個(gè)小題。6.Whydothetwospeakershopeforsunnydays?A.Becausetheyfeelboredwiththechangeableweather.B.Becausetheycan’tdoanythingintherain.C.Becausetheyareworryingabouttheirvegetables.7.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybelikethisafternoon?A.Cloudy.B.Warm.C.Foggy.8.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Itissunny.B.Itiscloudy.C.Itisrainy.聽下面一段對話，回答第9至第11三個(gè)小題。9.Whywasthemanlate?A.Becausehewascaughtinatrafficjam.B.Becausehemissedtheearliestbus.C.Becausehehadtoattendameetinginthemorning.10.Whenwasthemanabletoseetheheadmaster?A.Rightnow.B.Afterthemeeting.C.Beforethemeeting.11.Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?A.Buyanewbike.B.Askhisfatherforadvice.C.Getupearlier.聽下面一段對話，回答第12至第14三個(gè)小題。12.WhatisAnndoingnow?A.WatchingTV.B.Readingthenewspaper.C.Readingbooks.13.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinLondon?A.Rainyandwindy.B.Fineandcloudy.C.Cloudyandwindy.14.Whichcitywillhavethehighesttemperature?A.Beijing.B.London.C.NewYork.聽下面一段對話，回答第15至第17三個(gè)小題。15.Whycouldn’tthewomangetgoodgradesaccordingtotheman?A.Becauseshehasn’tgotthecorrectwayoflearning.B.Becauseshedidn’tlistentotheteacherattentively.C.Becauseshedidn’tknowhowtomakegoodnotes.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shehasbeenstudyinghardsincesecondaryschool.B.Shefailedtheexamsoftwosubjectsthisterm.C.Shespentmuchtimeinstudying.17.Whatdoesthemanusuallydoafterclass?A.Doexercises.B.Markthekeypoints.C.Reviewthelessons.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20三個(gè)小題。18.WhenwastheGreatExhibitionofIndustriesofAllNationsfirstheld?A.In1815.B.In1851.C.In1915.19.Howmanypeoplewillliveincitiesby2010?A.About65％oftheworldpopulation.B.About55％oftheworldpopulation.C.About50%oftheworldpopulation.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.The2010Expositionwilllast186days.B.The2010Expositionplanstoattract90millionvisitors.C.ShanghaiDeclarationwillbeissuedattheendoftheevent.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestFourSoccerClubsinTorontoTorontoishometoanumberofsoccerclubs.Ifyouareinterestedinsoccer,let’stakealookatfourbestsoccerclubsinToronto.CherryBeachSoccerClubCherryBeachSoccerClub,whichfirstopeneditsdoorin2009,nowhas56houseleagues,10competitiveteamsandsixadultteams.Theyprovide30,000childrenandyoungpeopleinthedowntownareawithhigh-qualityandlow-costsoccerlessons.Itoffersarecreationalhouseleague,development,andcompetitivesoccerforthoseagedfivetothirty.Phone:(416)367-4359NorthSoccerClubNorthSoccerClub,whichwasestablishedin1980,isawelcomingenvironmentforeveryonewhoenjoyssoccerorwantstotrysomethingnew.Youdon’tneedtobeconcernedaboutyourqualificationsorexperience.However,totakepartinpractice,youmustfirstcompleteahealthcheck.ItoffersaSpecialOlympicsprogramforplayerswithintellectualdisabilities.Thefeerangeisfrom$230to$270.Phone:(416)924-9911PowerSoccerClubPowerSoccerClubfoundedin1996byaformerGalwayUnitedplayer,hasgrownuptobeoneofCanada’smostfamoussoccerschools.Youwillforsureprogressinyourskilldevelopmentwithaactiveandengagingtrainingsessions.Thefeecanrangefrom$210to$315.NorthYorkHeartsSoccerClubNorthYorkHeartsSoccerClubwasfoundedin1990.Thisclubexposeseveryonewholovessportstothehistoryofsoccerwiththehelpofagroupofskilledsportscoachesandprofessors.Thefeerangeisfrom$210to$320.Phone:(416)650-57431.Whichclubwasfoundedinthe21stcentury?A.NorthSoccerClub. B.CherryBeachSoccerClub.C.PowerSoccerClub. D.NorthYorkHeartsSoccerClub.2.WhatisrequiredforpeopletojoinNorthSoccerClub?A.Richexperience. B.Awisemind.C.Ahealthcheck. D.Acuriousheart.3.Tolearnthehistoryofsoccer,youshouldcall________tosignup.A.(416)367-4359 B.(416)650-5743C.(416)425-6062 D.(416)924-9911【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了多倫多最好的四個(gè)足球俱樂部?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題CherryBeachSoccerClub下的段落中“CherryBeachSoccerClub,whichfirstopeneditsdoorin2009,nowhas56houseleagues,10competitiveteamsandsixadultteams.(櫻桃海灘足球俱樂部于2009年首次開張，目前擁有56個(gè)室內(nèi)聯(lián)賽、10支競技球隊(duì)和6支成人球隊(duì))”可知，CherryBeachSoccerClub成立于2009年，即21世紀(jì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題NorthSoccerClub下的段落中“However,totakepartinpractice,youmustfirstcompleteahealthcheck.(然而，要參加實(shí)踐，您必須首先完成健康檢查)”可知，加入北方足球俱樂部需要先做健康檢查。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題NorthYorkHeartsSoccerClub下的段落中“NorthYorkHeartsSoccerClubwasfoundedin1990.Thisclubexposeseveryonewholovessportstothehistoryofsoccerwiththehelpofagroupofskilledsportscoachesandprofessors.(北約克Hearts足球俱樂部成立于1990年。這個(gè)俱樂部在一群技術(shù)精湛的體育教練和教授的幫助下，讓每一個(gè)熱愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的人了解足球的歷史)”以及“Phone:(416)650-5743”可知，如果你想要了解足球的歷史，你應(yīng)該撥打(416)650-5743。故選B項(xiàng)。BScientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtoknowwhenandwherelightningwillstrike.Researchersreportthesystemisabletotellthatlightningstrikesupto30minutesbeforetheyhappenwithina30-kilometerarea.Lightningisastrongburstofelectricityintheatmosphere.Sinceitcarriesanextremelypowerfulelectricalcharge(電荷),itcanbedestructiveanddeadly.Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Forthisreason,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning.Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusesacombinationofdatafromweatherstationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelikelytocauselightning.Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedata,relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed,wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法),whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes.Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.Theresearcherstest-ranthesystemseveraltimes.Theyfoundthatthesystemmadepredictionsthatprovedcorrectalmost80percentofthetime.“Itcannowbeusedanywhere,”theSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologysaidinastatement.TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionprogram.TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity,takinglightningchargesfromcloudstotheground.Theyhopethatsuchtechnologycanonedaybeusedasprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Possibleusescouldbeatstations,airportsorplaceswherelargecrowdsgather.4.Whywasthesystemdeveloped?A.Toprotectpeoplefromlightning.B.Toshowthepoweroflightning.C.Tokeeptrackoflightningdeaths.D.Tomeetkids’curiosityaboutlightning.5.Whatisspecialaboutthesystem?A.Itwasbasedonanumberofsamplesworldwide.B.Itadoptedadifferentmachinelearningalgorithm.C.Itusedaneffectivemethodofcollectingdata.D.Itrequiredlowcostofpredictinglightning.6.Whatwilltheresearchersdonextwiththelasertechnology?A.Monitorlightningactivity. B.Preventtheoccurrenceoflightning.C.Produceelectricitywithlightning. D.Directenergyfromlightning.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASystemofControllingLightning.B.ATheoryofExplainingLightning.C.AMethodofPredictingLightning.D.AModelofCreatingLightning.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們開發(fā)的一種能預(yù)測閃電的系統(tǒng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Forthisreason,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning.(歐洲研究人員估計(jì)，全球每年有6000到24000人死于雷擊。由于這個(gè)原因，氣候科學(xué)家一直在尋找預(yù)測閃電的方法。)”可知，研究人員一直在尋找預(yù)測閃電的方法是因?yàn)槊磕甓加泻芏嗳怂烙诶讚?；結(jié)合文章最后一段的“Theyhopethatsuchtechnologycanonedaybeusedasprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Possibleusescouldbeatstations,airportsorplaceswherelargecrowdsgather.(他們希望這樣的技術(shù)有一天能被用于防止雷擊?？赡艿挠猛究赡苁窃谲囌?、機(jī)場或大量人群聚集的地方。)”可推知，研究人員開發(fā)這一系統(tǒng)的目的在于保護(hù)人們免受雷擊。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Thedata,relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed,wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法),whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes.(這些數(shù)據(jù)與四種主要地表?xiàng)l件有關(guān)：氣壓、空氣溫度、相對濕度和風(fēng)速，這些數(shù)據(jù)被放入一個(gè)獨(dú)特的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法中，并與雷擊記錄進(jìn)行比較。)”可知，氣壓、空氣溫度、相對濕度和風(fēng)速等數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)放入到一種獨(dú)特的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法中，并與雷擊記錄進(jìn)行比較。由此可知，系統(tǒng)特殊在采用了一種獨(dú)特的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity,takinglightningchargesfromcloudstotheground.(從事該項(xiàng)目的科學(xué)家們正在試驗(yàn)一種激光技術(shù)，該技術(shù)有朝一日可以控制閃電活動(dòng)，將閃電電荷從云層帶到地面。)”可知，科學(xué)家們正在研究一種激光技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)能控制閃電活動(dòng)，將云層的閃電電荷帶到地面上。由此可推知，有了激光技術(shù)后，科學(xué)家們下一步可能會(huì)把目標(biāo)放在閃電產(chǎn)生的能量上。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。閱讀文章可知，文章首段首句“Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtoknowwhenandwherelightningwillstrike.(科學(xué)家們表示，他們已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種使用機(jī)器來了解閃電何時(shí)何地會(huì)發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)。)”提出科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種用機(jī)器來了解閃電會(huì)在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)；第二段介紹了開發(fā)該系統(tǒng)的原因；第三、四、五段介紹了該系統(tǒng)的工作原理和研究過程；最后一段介紹了該系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀。由此可知，本文主要介紹了這種能預(yù)測閃電的系統(tǒng)。C項(xiàng)“AMethodofPredictingLightning.”最能概括本文主旨。故選C項(xiàng)。CSocialmediaistakingoverourlives:Facebook,Instagram,Twitterandnow,TikTok.Thesesocialmediaplatformshavechangedfromawaytostayconnectedtoanindustrywhereevenkidscanmakemoneyofftheirposts.Whilethismayseemlikeanotheropportunisticinnovation,it’sreallyfullofhiddenfalserealities.Themedianincome(中位收入)recordedintheUnitedStatesofAmericanwasabout$63,000in2018.TikTokerscanmakeanywherefrom$50,000to$150,000foraTikTokbrandpartnership,andTikTokerswithoveramillionfollowerscanmakeupto$30,000amonth—$360,000ayear.Theyaremakingmorethantheaveragepersontryingtofeedtheirfamilyandkeeparoofovertheirheadssimplybypostinga15-secondvideo.Thisismadinmorewaysthanone.Notonlyisitanoverpaid“job”,itpromotesundeservedadmirationfromviewersandafalsesenseofreality.ManyofthesefamousTikTokersarestillteensandtheeffectsoffameatsuchanearlystageinlifemightcauseissueslaterinlife,suchasmentalillness.Teensbetweentheagesof13and17makeup27%ofTikTokviewers,whocanbeeasilyinfluencedbywhattheyarewatching.Theycanputafalsesenseofself-valueintowhotheylookuptoandwhattheyrepresent:money,fame,beingconsideredconventionallyattractive.WhileTikTokhasbecomeagreattoolformarketing,it’simportanttounderstandhowthiscontentaffectsyoungviewers.Ifwe’reconstantlyconsumingcontentthatshowsusallweneedtodotobesuccessfulisbeconventionallyattractiveandposta15-secondvideofeaturinganewdance,itwillchallengeourknowledgeofwhatreallymakessomeonesuccessfulandwillinturnaffectourindividualworkethnics(倫理).Whataboutthepeoplewhomissbirthdaysandfamilyholidaysduetotheirjobsandaren’tgettingpaidnearlyasmuchastheseTikTokers?RichardColyer,presidentandcreatorofMetaphor,Inc,hadhisownviewonthisissue.“Itsoundsgreatthatkidscanmakemoneyfordoingthelatestdancemovesina15-secondvideo,butweshouldfeedthemindsofkidsandnotjusttheirbankaccounts.TikTokcanbegreatifusedproperly.Moneyaloneisnotgood;technologyaloneisnotgoodandconnectednesscanbebadifitisonlyonline.”Again,asafellowconsumerofTikTok,IdoenjoytheappwhenIhavesometimetokillandneedagoodlaugh.I’mnotagainstsomeonemakingalivingonentertainment,butwhatdoesgettingfamousoffofa15-secondvideoteachyoungpeople?8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Socialnetworking. B.Makingmoneyonsocialmedia.C.AjobofferedbyTikTok. D.StayingconnectedtotheInternet.9.WhichisthepossibleinfluenceofTikTokonitsyoungusers?A.Theytendtoliveanadultlifetoosoon.B.Theyareforcedtopayforcertainservices.C.Theyarelikelytodevelopfalsevalues.D.Theymaystopbelievingothersocialmedia.10.WhatcanweinferfromRichardColyer’scomments?A.TikTokcanbeapositiveinfluenceifteensmakegooduseofit.B.YoungTikTokersshouldbebannedfrommakingmoney.C.ItisbettertoinvolveeducationoninvestmentinTikTokvideos.D.Contentsofvideosneedcheckingbeforetheirreleaseonline.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AJobvsAnEntertainmentB.JoinYoungTikTokersC.SayNotoTikTokD.TikTok—AMineofMoney【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文闡述了社交媒體從單純的社交軟件變?yōu)橘嶅X工具的現(xiàn)象，并呼吁青少年用戶群體正確使用社交媒體和樹立正確的價(jià)值觀。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)指代關(guān)系和第一段的“Thesesocialmediaplatformshavetransformedfromawaytostayconnectedtoanindustrywhereevenkidscanmakemoneyofftheirposts.Whilethismayseemlikeanotheropportunisticinnovation,it’sreallyfullofhiddenfalserealities.”（這些社交媒體平臺(tái)已經(jīng)從一種保持聯(lián)系的方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)連孩子都能通過發(fā)帖賺錢的行業(yè)。雖然這看起來像是另一種機(jī)會(huì)主義創(chuàng)新，但它確實(shí)充滿了隱藏的非真實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)。）可知，this指代上文中“evenkidscanmakemoneyofftheirposts”這一現(xiàn)象，即“在社交媒體上賺錢”。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Teensbetweentheagesof13and17makeup27%ofTikTokviewers,whocanbeeasilyinfluencedbywhattheyarewatching.Theycanputafalsesenseofself-valueintowhotheylookuptoandwhattheyrepresent:money,fame,beingconsideredconventionallyattractive.”（13至17歲的青少年占TikTok觀眾的27%，他們很容易受到所看內(nèi)容的影響。他們會(huì)把一種錯(cuò)誤的自我價(jià)值感放在他們所崇拜的人和他們所代表的東西上：金錢、名譽(yù)、被認(rèn)為具有傳統(tǒng)吸引力。）可知，孩子們很容易被觀看的內(nèi)容影響，他們可能會(huì)建立錯(cuò)誤的自我價(jià)值觀念，追求傳統(tǒng)意義上更加吸引人的金錢和名譽(yù)，即年輕的用戶可能會(huì)樹立不正確的價(jià)值觀。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段RichardColyer的話“TikTokcanbegreatifusedproperly.”（如果使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?，抖音可能?huì)是很棒的）推知，在RichardColyer看來，如果使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?，抖音可能?huì)對青少年有好的影響。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文并結(jié)合最后一段“Again,asafellowconsumerofTikTok,IdoenjoytheappwhenIhavesometimetokillandneedagoodlaugh.I’mnotagainstsomeonemakingalivingonentertainment,butwhatdoesgettingfamousoffofa15-secondvideoteachyoungpeople?”（而且，作為它的消費(fèi)者，當(dāng)我有時(shí)間消磨，需要大笑的時(shí)候，我的確喜歡這個(gè)軟件。我并不反對某人靠娛樂謀生，但是一個(gè)15秒的視頻教年輕人什么能出名呢？）可知，本文是觀點(diǎn)對峙類議論文。文章主要闡述了社交媒體從單純的社交軟件變?yōu)橘嶅X工具的現(xiàn)象，并且很多用戶的收入遠(yuǎn)高于普通人。作者認(rèn)為抖音應(yīng)被當(dāng)作娛樂方式，而不是人們賺錢的工具，因?yàn)槎潭痰?5秒視頻并不能教給青少年太多有價(jià)值的東西。因此推斷A項(xiàng)“工作還是娛樂”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。DIt’suncertainwhenmanyofficesmayreopen,butit’sclearthevirtualworkrevolutionthatbeganwiththepandemicisn’tgoingaway.AlexiaCambon,researchdirectoratGartner,saysfindingtherightcombinationofin-personandvirtualworkwilltakecreativityandexperimentation.ManagingdirectorDeborahLovichstressesthatcompaniesshouldconsiderthatflexibilityisnotonlyaboutlocation,butalsoaboutthehoursemployeeswork.Alexiaalsopointsouttheimportanceoffindingsolutionsforawholeteam.“WhatCOVID-19taughtusisthatflexworkcannotbeforanindividual.Ithastobefortheteam,”shesays.“Whenthewholeteamistogetheronlineversusawholeteamtogetherinperson,itworks.”Progressiveorganizationsarealsoreconsideringtheirworkplaceculture.“They’rethinkingaboutchangingcultureandleadershiptobemuchmoretrust-based,impact-based,insteadofinput-based,like,Iseeyou,soIthinkyou’reproductive,’comparedto,‘Wow,Iseewhatyou’veaccomplished,andIknowyou’vebeenproductive,””Lovichsays.Lovichseesremoteworkasa“win-win”forcmployeeswhogetmoreflexibilityandemployerswhocanhirepeoplefromanywhereinthecountryoreventheworld.Sheviewsitascreatingequalityintermsofallowingsmalltownstoattracttalentandofferingmoreopportunityforwomentoclimbthecorporateladderwithouthavingtorelocatetheirfamilies,somethingthatshesaysoftentakesabackseatinadual-careerhouschold.Companiesthatrequireareturntoafullyon-sitemodelcouldloseoneinthreeemployees.Lovichagreesthatemployersneedtobecareful.“It’sanemployee’smarketrightnow.Theworldisshortofworkers,andbecauseofthatweshouldreallythinkaboutwhatweneedandfeelconfidentandcourageoustospeakup.Andalotofcompaniesaregettingthat,andsoit’sarealopportunitytoeithershapetheplaceyouworktobetheplaceitneedstobeorgosomeplaceelsethatdoes,”Lovichsays.“Fordecades,we’vebeencontorting(扭曲)ourlivestofitaroundwork，andCOVID-19forcedworktofitaroundlives．”12.WhatdoesAlexiaemphasizeaccordingtothetext?A.Howtomakevirtualworkgoawaysoon.B.Howtocreatevirtualworkcooperatively.C.Howtocombinevirtualworkwithscience.D.Howtofindthebestlocationforvirtualwork13.Whydoprogressiveorganizationschangetheirworkplaceculture?A.Totakecontrolofthedevelopmentofvirtualwork.B.Tocomparecompanyculturewithfirmleadership.C.Tomakeemployeesfeeltrustedanddeveloppositively.D.Topersuademorecompaniestochoosevirtualworksoon.14.WhatdoesLovichthinkofvirtualwork?A.Itisattractivetoallemployees. B.Itisjustbeneficialtoemployers.C.Itispopularamongsmallfirms. D.Itbenefitsbothbossesandworkers.15.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellus?A.Virtualworkisheretostay. B.Advantagesofvirtualwork.C.Befarawayfromflexibility. D.A“win-win“changeforbusiness.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過列舉AlexiaCambon和Lovich對于“遠(yuǎn)程工作”的看法，闡述了遠(yuǎn)程工作將繼續(xù)存在?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Alexiaalsopointsouttheimportanceoffindingsolutionsforawholeteam.“WhatCOVID-19taughtusisthatflexworkcannotbeforanindividual.Ithastobefortheteam,”shesays.Whenthewholeteamistogetheronlineversusawholeteamtogetherinperson,itworks.”（Alexia還指出了為整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)尋找解決方案的重要性?！癈OVID-19告訴我們，彈性工作不適合個(gè)人。必須是為了團(tuán)隊(duì)，”她說。“當(dāng)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行交流，而不是整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)面對面交流時(shí)，效果會(huì)更好。”）可知，Alexia強(qiáng)調(diào)了整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)找解決方案的重要性，即就是“如何合作創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程工作的重要性”。B項(xiàng)“Howtocreatevirtualworkcooperatively.”（如何合作創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程工作。）符合原文表述，故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷通。根據(jù)文章第四段“Progressiveorganizationsarealsoreconsideringtheirworkplaceculture.“They’rethinkingaboutchangingcultureandleadershiptobemuchmoretrust-based,impact-based,insteadofinput-based,like,Iseeyou,soIthinkyou’reproductive,’comparedto,‘Wow,Iseewhatyou’veaccomplished,andIknowyou’vebeenproductive,””Lovichsays.”（進(jìn)步組織也在重新考慮他們的工作場所文化。洛維奇說：“他們正在考慮改變文化和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，使之更加基于信任、基于影響，而不是基于投入，比如，我看到你了，所以我認(rèn)為你很有效率，”相比之下，“哇，我看到了你所取得的成就，我知道你很有成效。”）可知，進(jìn)步組織重現(xiàn)考慮工作場所文化，是想讓文化基于信任、影響，而不是基于投入。所以推測，這是因?yàn)榭梢栽鰪?qiáng)信任和促進(jìn)積極發(fā)展。C項(xiàng)“Tomakeemployeesfeeltrustedanddeveloppositively.”（讓員工感到信任并積極發(fā)展。）符合推斷，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Lovichseesremoteworkasa“win-win”forcmployeeswhogetmoreflexibilityandemployerswhocanhirepeoplefromanywhereinthecountryoreventheworld.”（洛維奇將遠(yuǎn)程工作視為一種“雙贏”，既有更靈活的員工，也有可以從全國甚至世界任何地方雇傭員工的雇主。）可知，洛維奇認(rèn)為遠(yuǎn)程工作對于老板和員工都有利。D項(xiàng)“Itbenefitsbothbossesandworkers.”（這對老板和工人都有利。）符合原文表述，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。瀏覽全文，根據(jù)文章中的“It’suncertainwhenmanyofficesmayreopen,butit’sclearthevirtualworkrevolutionthatbeganwiththepandemicisn’tgoingaway.”（許多辦公室何時(shí)重新開放尚不確定，但很明顯，始于疫情的遠(yuǎn)程工作革命不會(huì)消失。）可知，作者主要是想通過列舉了AlexiaCambon和Lovich對于“遠(yuǎn)程工作”的看法，闡述了遠(yuǎn)程工作將繼續(xù)存在。A項(xiàng)“Advantagesofvirtualwork.”（遠(yuǎn)程工作工作將繼續(xù)存在。）符合題干，故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____16_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones._____17_____YearsagoIwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritethemalphabetically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks._____18_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(無意識(shí)的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.___19___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind._____20_____ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituation.C.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.F.What'smore,makinguseofyourunconsciousnesswiselyalsoproveseffectiveintacklingdifficulttasks.G.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。圍繞失敗、疲勞和成功的關(guān)系展開論述，以親身經(jīng)歷為例提出措施如何解決啟動(dòng)疲勞和執(zhí)行疲勞。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.(沒有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.(在前一種情況下，我們總是推遲一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，因?yàn)樗刺珶o聊，要么太難)”可知，空格處應(yīng)總的指出疲憊感分為兩種情況，引出下文。選項(xiàng)C“Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.(我們以兩種方式體驗(yàn)這種疲勞：啟動(dòng)疲勞和執(zhí)行疲勞)”指出了兩種疲勞，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“AndIalwaysstartedtheday’sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks.(我每天的工作都是從寫作這項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)開始的。經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明這條規(guī)則是有效的)”推知，前文應(yīng)該指出了作者所說的規(guī)則是什么。選項(xiàng)E“Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.(解決方案很明顯，但可能不容易應(yīng)用：總是先處理最困難的工作)”恰好提出了一個(gè)規(guī)則，即先處理最困難的事，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.(盡管我們愿意開始工作，但我們似乎不能把工作做好)”指出我們愿意開始工作，即沒有啟動(dòng)疲勞，可知本段開始討論第二種疲勞：執(zhí)行疲勞。選項(xiàng)A“Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.(執(zhí)行疲勞更難處理)”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“butnoneofthemworked.(但是沒有一個(gè)奏效)”可知空格處應(yīng)該指出作者嘗試了很多辦法，都沒有成功。選項(xiàng)D“Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions.(以前從來沒有這樣做過，我日復(fù)一日地不斷提出解決方案)”表明作者反復(fù)提出了許多解決措施，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind.(一個(gè)小時(shí)后，我突然醒來，腦海中清晰地浮現(xiàn)出解決方案)”和下文“ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.(雖然我和以前一樣努力工作，但我并不感到疲勞)”推知，作者的方案是湊效的，因此他才沒有覺得累。選項(xiàng)G“Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.(在接下來的幾周里，我潛意識(shí)中想到的解決方案在每一步都被證明是正確的)”符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。My7-year-olddaughteralwayshashernoseinabook.Sheevencontinuedreadinginthecaronthelongdrivetosummercamp,whereshelostthebook.Thisisthefirstlost___21___bookinmylife.Inmychildhood,myfamilyhadalwaysbeenexpectedtobe___22___,butwewerepoor,andIdidn’townbooks.Ihadtoborrowbooks.Mylibrarybookslivedona___23___shelfwhiletheyweremine,andit___24___mewhenIhadtoreturnthemtothelibraryonthedueday.However,mydaughterhasmorebooksnowthanIownedduringmywholechildhood.Soit’sprobablymy___25___thatshedidn’tcherishthebooks.“Sorry.Ican’tfindit.”Mydaughtersaidwithashrug,“Wejustpay$20forthebook.What’sthebig___26___?”Themissinglibrarybookjustmetwithacold___27___fromher,butitmetwithnail-biting___28___fromme.Iwalkedintothelibraryinadeep___29___asifIhadlostthebook.Feelingtheneedtomakeherfeelresponsibleforthebook,Iaskedhertodothechores.Sheagreedtocleanupallthepets’houses___30___mypayingthelibrarybook.I’dmeantthechoretobe___31___!Surprisingly,shewasenjoyingherself.Itookapictureofherlovelyback.So,wasIwinningorlosingat___32___?DidIteachherthe___33___ofkeepingalibrarybookifthepictureItookshowssheisworking___34___?Tomy___35___,mylittlegirlknewwhatmattersinherlife.Shecoulddevoteherselftothechoresasmuchasbooks.21.A.school B.reference C.story D.library22A.powerful B.practical C.academic D.employed23.A.wasted B.dusty C.present D.specific24.A.pained B.accompanied C.abandoned D.lost25.A.work B.reason C.fault D.duty26.A.worry B.question C.case D.deal27.A.shoulder B.power C.refusal D.excuse28.A.impression B.effort C.effect D.concern29.A.respect B.thought C.shame D.shock30.A.inneedof B.int