2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)同步課時(shí)作業(yè)7Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking含解析新人教版選擇性必修2

Unit1ReadingandThinking一、1.Themorepetrolandelectricitywec____________(消耗),themorecarbonwearelettingoff.2.Acharitygroupsetupastandsellingcookeds____________(香腸)andflowerstoraisefunds.3.Trulye____________(精致的)chopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.4.Hehasabadt____________(脾氣)andwillnotlistentoanybody,soyou'dbetternotstandinhispath.5.Boysandgirls,doyourealizethatwhatyouwereinfavorofjustnowarej____________(無(wú)用的東西)foods?6.Priorto_________________(join)thiscompanyin2024,Bequelinwasemployedasaseniorresearcher.7.Wetend_________________(think)thatthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarⅡwasatimeofprosperityandgrowth.8.InternetshoppingisquitepopularamongChinesepeopleandhasbecomeanewwayof_________________(consume).9.Teacultureis_________________(vary)indifferentcountriesbythewayteaismadeanddrunk,andbytheplacesforteadrinking.10.___________(tire)andhungry,thetouristswantedtofindarestauranttohavesomethingtoeat.二、選詞填空(可變換形式)referto,priorto,consistof,ontheotherhand,bestuffedwith,asaresult,ataminimum,handinhand1.

Wehaven'tseenourneighborforlongandhisletterbox

_______________

lettersandallkindsofleaflets.2.

TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldlearntennewwords

_______________

everyday.3.

Allthearrangementsshouldhavebeencompletedontheday

_______________

ourdeparture.4.

Allelectroniccomputers

_______________

fiveunitsalthoughtheyareofdifferentkinds.5.

Hefelloffthebikeonthewayhomeandhurthislegyesterday.

_______________,hehadtobeawayfromschoolforsometime.6.

Thereissomeevidencethatpovertyandpoorhealthoftengo

_______________.7.

Todrawuptheplan,theywenttothelibraryto

_______________

manybooks.8.

Ontheonehand,Iwanttogototheparty,but

_______________

Ioughttoprepareforthemathstest.三、

USfoodauthorM.F.K.Fisheroncewroteabouthumans,"Firstweeat,thenwedoeverythingelse."

ThisiswhyeachyearwecelebrateWorldFoodDay,whichfallsonOct.16.Butregardlessoftheimportanceoffoodaroundtheworld,foodculturesoftendiffergreatlyfromcountrytocountry.Forexample,thingslikechickenfeet,duckheads,andpigbrainsarecommonlyeateninAsia.IfyouaskedmostWesternerstotryoneofthesethings,though,theverythoughtofitwouldprobablybeenoughtomakethemgiveupmeataltogether.

Atthesametime,however,themajorityofpeopleinWesternnationsregardthemselvesasmeateaters.So,whatcouldbethereasonbehindthisdoublestandard?

Thereareanumberofpossibleanswerstothatquestion,yetonemajorreasoncouldlieinrecentculturalchanges.Duringthemid-20thcenturyandtheyearsfollowingit,eatingmostpartsofananimalwascommoninmanyWesterncountriessuchastheUK—perhapsowingtorationing(定量配給政策)asaresultofWorldWarII(1939—1945).

Butlater,duringthe1960sand1970s,followingtheintroductionofhighwaysintheUSandtheUK,thepopularityofsupermarketsinthosecountriesincreased,wroteFrancescoBurnett,authorofCulturalHistoryofMeat:1900-ThePresent.

Thankstothepopularityandconvenienceofsupermarketswhichtendnottosellanimalpartssuchastheheadsorlimbs(四肢),thepublic'sattitudetomeatsoonshifted."The'animal'graduallydisappearedfrommeat,andpeople'signoranceaboutwhatanimalthemeattheyatecamefromincreased."Burnettadded.

Asaresult,it'sbelievedthatmanyWesternculturesslowlybegantoviewmeatassimplyafoodproduct,ratherthanassomethingthatcamefromananimal.

However,thistheorymaygoevenfurtherbackifwelookatthewordstheEnglishlanguageusestodescribemeat."We'de-animalize'certainfoodsthatweeatbygivingthemdifferentnames,"HalHerzog,authorofWhyIt'sSoHardToThinkStraightAboutAnimals,toldonlinemagazineGrist."Wedon'tsayit'scookedpig;wesayit'spork.Andwedon'tsayhamburgerismadeofcow;wesayit'smadeofbeef."

Soitseemsthatthere'snotonesimpleanswertothisquestion.Whenitcomestoeatingmeat,however,perhapsweshouldsimplyjustenjoythetaste.1.Themainpurposeofthefirstthreeparagraphsisto__________.A.introducevariousfoodculturesB.stressWesterners'loveforfoodC.showdifferencesinChineseandWesternfoodculturesD.drawattentiontoWesterners,"de-animalizing"meat2.Whatchangedpeople'sattitudestowardmeatinthe1960sand1970s?A.Thewordsusedtodescribemeat. B.Theriseofsupermarkets.C.Theneedforahealthierlifestyle. D.Theintroductionofhighways.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ignorance"meaninParagraph6?A.Blindness. B.Fear. C.Misunderstanding. D.Challenge.四、

ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan(小型貨車)distributingtoystothehomeless.Whenwe

1

thespot,somethingcaughtmyeyes.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI

2

thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo

3

,bothofaboutmyageatthetime,andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysattherehopelessly.

AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas

4

interestedinthelittlegirl.How

5

ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,

6

throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iontheotherhandwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout

7

.Ihadagoodeducationandthusa

8

future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly

9

shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.

SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisiontogiveawayadollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa

10

,Isteppedout,calledthegirloverandplacedthedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith

11

andwasn'tcertainwhattodo,butthenshesmiledandIsaw

12

inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto

13

off,andthatwaswhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning

14

.Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad

15

withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwosimplewords"ThankYou".1.A.left

B.changed

C.chose

D.approached

2.A.guaranteed

B.realized

C.decided

D.accepted

3.A.boys

B.children

C.drivers

D.adults

4.A.still

B.less

C.especially

D.probably

5.A.similar

B.different

C.difficult

D.ordinary

6.A.searching

B.getting

C.running

D.breaking

7.A.food

B.safety

C.health

D.transport

8.A.doubtful

B.distant

C.promising

D.foreseeable

9.A.present

B.decoration

C.requirement

D.possession

10.A.station

B.stop

C.street

D.signal

11.A.anger

B.pain

C.surprise

D.disappointment

12.A.hope

B.loneliness

C.anxiety

D.astonishment

13.A.walk

B.get

C.lift

D.drive

14.A.behind

B.away

C.out

D.in

15.A.gotalong

Bealong

C.caughtup

D.turnedup

答案以及解析一、1.答案：consume解析：句意:我們消耗的汽油和電越多,我們排放的碳就越多。2.答案：sausages解析：句意:一個(gè)慈善組織擺攤賣烤香腸和花來(lái)籌集資金。3.答案：elegant解析：句意:真正精致的筷子可能是用金和銀制成的,上面刻有漢字。4.答案：temper解析：句意:他脾氣不好,不會(huì)聽(tīng)取任何人的話,所以你最好不要擋他的路。5.答案：junk解析：句意:孩子們,你們意識(shí)到你們剛才贊成的是垃圾食品嗎?6.答案：joining解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在2024年加入該公司之前,Bequelin曾擔(dān)當(dāng)高級(jí)探討員。Priorto中的to是介詞,后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。7.答案：tothink解析：考查tend的用法。句意:我們傾向于認(rèn)為二戰(zhàn)后緊接著的幾十年是旺盛和增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期。tend后接不定式作賓語(yǔ),表示"傾向于/往往會(huì)做某事"。這里thedecades是作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看待的,所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。8.答案：consumption解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物在中國(guó)很受歡迎,已經(jīng)變成一種新的消費(fèi)途徑。由空前的of并結(jié)合句意可知,空處應(yīng)填consumption。9.答案：varied/various解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:在不同的國(guó)家,茶文化因茶的制作和飲用方式以及喝茶的地點(diǎn)而有所不同。由空前的is可知,空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ),表示"各種各樣的,不相同的",故填varied/various。10.答案：Tired解析：句意:又累又餓,游客們想找家飯店吃點(diǎn)東西。此處是形容詞作狀語(yǔ),表示“乏累的”,所以填Tired。二、答案：1.isstuffedwith2.ataminimum3.priorto4.consistof5.Asaresult6.handinhand7.referto8.ontheotherhand三、答案：(1)-(3)ABA

解析：(1).推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中"Butregardlessoftheimportanceoffoodaroundtheworld,foodculturesoftendiffergreatlyfromcountrytocountry."可知,不同國(guó)家的飲食文化有很大的差異,所以前三段的目的是介紹不同的飲食文化,故選A。

(2).細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中"duringthe1960sand1970s,followingtheintroductionofhighwaysintheUSandtheUK,thepopularityofsupermarketsinthosecountriesincreased"可知,在20世紀(jì)60年頭和20世紀(jì)70年頭,隨著高速馬路在美國(guó)和英國(guó)的引入,超市在這些國(guó)家普及開(kāi)來(lái),以及第六段中"Thankstothepopularityandconvenienceofsupermarketswhichtendnottosellanimalpartssuchastheheadsorlimbs(四肢),thepublic'sattitudetomeatsoonshifted."可知,由于超市的普及和便利,(超市里)很少售賣如頭、四肢這樣的動(dòng)物部位,公眾對(duì)于肉的看法很快也發(fā)生了變更。所以是超市數(shù)量的增加變更了人們對(duì)肉的看法。故選B。

(3).詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第六段中"The'animal'graduallydisappearedfrommeat"(‘動(dòng)物’漸漸從肉類中消逝),再依據(jù)第七段"Asaresult,it'sbelievedthatmanyWesternculturesslowlybegantoviewmeatassimplyafoodproduct,ratherthanassomethingthatcamefromananimal."可知,很多西方文化漸漸地起先將肉類僅僅視為一種食品,而不是來(lái)自動(dòng)物的東西。也就是人們對(duì)肉的來(lái)源不了解,"ignorance"與"blindness"意思接近,在此處意為“不了解”,故選A。四、答案：1-5.DBBCB;6-10.AACDB;11-15.CADAC

解析：1.依據(jù)第三段中的“Whenthevancametoa_________,Isteppedout”可知,當(dāng)我們接近(approach)目的地的時(shí)候,有東西引起“我”的