2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第08 閱讀七選五(知識(shí)講解+名校新題練)(學(xué)生版)

第08講閱讀七選五目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型、掌握知識(shí)脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面梳理，掌握必備重點(diǎn)記憶：關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用七選五閱讀正文部分通常是一篇完整的文章，有五個(gè)句子被挖空，正文后給出七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，均為完整句子，要求考生根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。此題型拓寬了閱讀理解能力考察的深度和廣度，考查學(xué)生句子和語篇兩個(gè)層面的閱讀能力和領(lǐng)悟能力，以及對整個(gè)語篇的銜接手段與連貫性的洞察力。總之，對于高一學(xué)生來說，七選五的題型難度要大于傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題，對學(xué)生把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)、邏輯思維能力和語言綜合運(yùn)用能力，有更高的要求。位置設(shè)空題結(jié)合上下文語境，根據(jù)設(shè)空處前、后句或前、后段的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合語境的關(guān)鍵詞和主題詞，遵循“由易到難”的順序，從最明確的空白處入手，逐步確定所有答案選項(xiàng)?！伴喿x理解七選五”在設(shè)空時(shí)，選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往遵循“能抽出能還原”的原則，抽出的句子在上下文語境中一般都能找到相應(yīng)的還原依據(jù)。因此，做題時(shí)一定要從上下文語境中找到支撐相關(guān)選項(xiàng)的具體事實(shí)信息，有時(shí)還需要根據(jù)表層信息進(jìn)行推理和判斷才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。1、如果空白處在段首，則答案通常是段落主題句，做題時(shí)，應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀本段內(nèi)容，概括段落大意，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2、如果空白處在段中，段中的空白處多位于段落主題句之后，與上下文構(gòu)成明顯的邏輯關(guān)系：如常見的分述細(xì)化主題的并列關(guān)系、語義發(fā)生變化的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，對上訴概念的解釋說明、舉例論證，這些句子起銜接上下文的作用，因此成為歷年高考語篇考查的重中之重。3、如果空白處在段尾，則答案通常是結(jié)論或概括性的語句?？瞻滋幥暗囊痪浠騼删涫侵攸c(diǎn)語句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。做題時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接，即空白處起前后兩段過渡作用。細(xì)節(jié)線索題英語閱讀七選五題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析理解長難句的能力。這要求考生平時(shí)注重重點(diǎn)詞匯、重點(diǎn)語法學(xué)習(xí)，同時(shí)要求教者在平時(shí)教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換及單句語法填空訓(xùn)練?？梢哉f，此題型是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試。1、略讀文章抓大意以最快的速度跳躍式地瀏覽文章的大小標(biāo)題、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段關(guān)系的連接性詞語(特別是however,but等后的內(nèi)容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容大意。2、重點(diǎn)閱讀上下句因?yàn)檎_選項(xiàng)必定會(huì)與上下句之間語義銜接、邏輯通順，解題時(shí)大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本確定答案。3、看看結(jié)構(gòu)變輕松在解題過程中，除了每做一道有把握的題后就在7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中將其畫掉縮小范圍外，通過觀察語言結(jié)構(gòu)也可將選擇范圍大大縮小，心情變得更加輕松，一般可將7個(gè)選項(xiàng)縮小到2～4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，碰對的機(jī)率大大提高。4、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)顯神功作者或說話人在談?wù)撃硞€(gè)話題或主題時(shí)，與主題相關(guān)的詞語必定會(huì)以原詞、同義詞或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，這種現(xiàn)象叫詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。同一個(gè)詞的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)叫原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；以同義詞的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；以近義詞或近義表達(dá)(意思相近，表達(dá)方式不同)的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫近義復(fù)現(xiàn)；以詞義相同而詞性不同的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫同根復(fù)現(xiàn)。5、代詞邏輯亦管用我們知道，七選五就是考查上下文之間的銜接，而代詞是語篇銜接的重要手段之一，故解題中要善于利用這一銜接手段。語段過渡題七選五是在一篇短文中抽出五句話，抽走的句子可能在段首、段中或段尾，其中語段過渡題所涉及的句子是過渡句，它們具有承上啟下的作用。該題型主要考查段落內(nèi)和段落間過渡句，需要學(xué)生有較強(qiáng)的對所讀文本篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解分析能力和對上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的概括和歸納能力。該題型的設(shè)空位置比較靈活，可以出現(xiàn)在文本的段首、段中和段尾任意位置，需要學(xué)生讀懂文本內(nèi)容，剖析文本結(jié)構(gòu)，從而確定答案。1、段落內(nèi)過渡句：學(xué)生需要仔細(xì)閱讀所給空格前后相鄰內(nèi)容，深度挖掘文本的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意銜接詞和邏輯關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞，同時(shí)標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞，使所選答案能夠把上下兩句內(nèi)容緊密的銜接起來。2、段落間過渡句：學(xué)生需要認(rèn)真研讀空格上一段的段尾句和下一段的主要內(nèi)容，同時(shí)關(guān)注銜接詞和邏輯關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞，然后與選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或者信號(hào)詞建立聯(lián)系，進(jìn)一步確定答案。3、常見的銜接詞和體現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有：=1\*GB3①并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,atlast,intheend,foronething...foranther,and,also,not...but,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor,inadditionto,aswell,tomakemattersworse等。=2\*GB3②因果關(guān)系：therefore,hence,consequently,asaresult,thus,so等。=3\*GB3③轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系：however,infact,asamatteroffact,yet,though,inspiteof,nevertheless,otherwise,while,ratherthan,evenif/though,despite等。=4\*GB3④對比關(guān)系：while(放句中),incontrast／bycomparison,unlike,incomparisonwith,similarly等。主旨概括題主旨概括題主要考查考生對文章或段落進(jìn)行概括的能力，它要求考生在閱讀文章時(shí)，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫作意圖，充分運(yùn)用概括能力提取文章的主題、觀點(diǎn)以及作者的情感態(tài)度。這類題通常從兩個(gè)方面設(shè)題：①概括文章或段落的主題句或結(jié)論性語句；②段落標(biāo)題。該題型根據(jù)考查對象的不同可以把主旨概括型題目分為兩類：標(biāo)題句和主題句。標(biāo)題句往往短小精悍，多為名詞性短語或祈使句，一般用以總結(jié)文章或者某個(gè)段落的主旨。學(xué)生需要通讀整個(gè)文本或者段落，理清文本邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，才能歸納出標(biāo)題句。主題句一般用以概括某段落的中心思想，一般設(shè)在段首，考查學(xué)生的主旨概括能力。一般情況下，短文首段給出中心句，其他各段落有一個(gè)段落中心句，形成文本的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。學(xué)生需要認(rèn)真閱讀該段落，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)詞或者同義詞，從而推測出主題句，找到答案。主題句一般具有一定的概括性，不涉及具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，學(xué)生需要注意主題句概括的完整性，避免以偏概全或者與段落中心思想不符合。技能1語法手段法(指代法)★解題方略英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。例如it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。技能2詞匯手段法(復(fù)現(xiàn)/同現(xiàn))★解題方略詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法是為保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即在文章中不同的位置對同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其形式主要包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同(近)義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等?？忌衫梦恼碌倪@一特點(diǎn),在解題時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與正文意思相同、相近或相反的詞。技能3邏輯關(guān)系法(總分關(guān)系、順承關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、列舉或舉例、順序關(guān)系)★解題方略從關(guān)聯(lián)詞作為切入點(diǎn)通常，英語的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示過渡和銜接，讓文章的思路與更清楚、邏輯更連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來。若空格前后構(gòu)成邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的句子。以下六類為常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，請大家一定要背熟：1.并列關(guān)系：and,first(ly),second(ly),then/next,finally/last,tobeginwith,some...others...,foronething...foranotherthing...等。2.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso...等。3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,yet,still,instead,nevertheless,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison(with...),bycomparison等。4.因果關(guān)系：because，so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。5.例證關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。6.概況歸納關(guān)系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。閱讀七選五Passage1(2023上·江蘇·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))Parentalinvestment(投資)hasincreasedAreteenagerslesslikelytoparticipateinactivitiesconnectedwithadulthoodbecausethey’rebusierwithhomeworkandafter-schoolactivities?1Researchfoundthattimespentonhomeworkandafter-schoolactivitieshasdecreasedamong10thgraders.Ontheotherhand,Internetusagehasincreased.2Infact,today’steensarethoughtofas“screenagers”.Greaterparentalinvestmentleadstoteensgrowingupmoreslowlybecauseparentstakecareofchildrenandteensmorecarefullyandorganizetheiractivities.Thestudyresearchersalsofoundaconnectionbetweenaslowerdevelopmentalpathandsmallerfamilysize,higherparentalageatfirstbirth,andhigherincome.3Thismayallowthemtofollowaslowerdevelopmentalpath.Therearealsoeconomicfactors.Withchangesintheeconomy,morepeoplegotocollegeandaredependentontheirparentsforlonger.418-to29-year-oldsspendmoretimegettingeducated,marryingandhavingchildrenlater.5Ontheupside,teensarelesslikelytojoininriskybehaviors.Theyaremorelikelytowaituntilthey’rereadytoparticipateinadultactivities.Onthedownside,today’sstudentsmaybesmartenough,buttheyoftenhavetroublewithbasicsliketimemanagement,makingtheirowndecisionsandleadingindependentlives.A.Theanswerisdefinitely“Yes”.B.Thismightaccountforsomeofthechanges.C.Intermsofadvantages,teenstendtotakerisks.D.Itmightbeoppositetowhatmostpeoplethink.E.Thatalsoleadstomorecarefulnurturingwiththeideathateducationwilllastlonger.F.Therearebenefitsanddrawbacksofthedecreaseinadultactivitiesamongteenagers.G.Withfewerchildrenandmoremoney,parentscaninvestmoretimeandresourcesintheirkids.Passage2(2023上·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·高一統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))WhatisEarthDay?It’sadaytocelebrate,praiseandnoticeMotherEarth.6AreminderthatwithoutMotherEarth,noneofuswouldbealive.ForEarthDay,andeverydayforthatmatter,gooutside.7Soakupthesunlight.Tastetheaironyourtongue,feelthewindkissyourcheeks,andletyourbarefeetmeetthedirt,grass,andsand.Goforawalk.Look,listenandsmelltheworldaroundyou.8Noticethebreathtakingdisplayofflowersandbushes,grassesandtrees—everywhere.Breatheintheirscents.Noticethechirps,buzzandclicksofbirds,insects,andsquirrels.Whataretheysaying?Noticethecolors—everyshadeofeverycolor,everywhere.Hellonaturalworld!Iseeyou!Sayoutloud.Andthentrytounderstandthebiodiversityoflife.TrytoimagineallthatMotherNatureis,allthatMotherNaturehasandallthatMotherNaturedoesforus.Reallytrytounderstand--reachandbendandstretchuntilyourheartandmindaregaping.Thencelebrateher.Kissthetrees.Danceinameadow.Singwiththebirds.Playinthedirt.Jointheanimalsandthebirdsandtheangels,thesilentsongoftheflowersandtreesinpraiseofher.9Pickuprubbish;plantagarden;feedthebirds;removeafence;letaweedgrow.10WishMotherEarthahappyEarthDayandmakeapromisethatwhenpeopleaskwhenEarthDayis,youwillanswer,“Everyday!”A.Takesomedeepbreaths.B.Letherknowyouarethankful.C.Youcandoitforhealthypurposes.D.Andhonorherwithapromisetoact.E.Remembertoberesponsibleaspossibleasyoucan.F.Engageallofyoursensesandnoticewhatyouoftendon’t.G.Adaytorememberallsheis,allshedoes,andallshegives.Passage3(2023上·江蘇常州·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))Itcanbehardforonepersontoprotecttheenvironmentbyhimself.Ifyouteenagerswanttodosomething,likestoppingpollutionorprotectingwildlife,youcangatherlike-mindedpeopleinanenvironmentalclub.11Andwithagoodclub,youandyourfriendscanbeuptothetask.Chooseacause.Somegoodideasmightbesomethinglike,“Savethewhales!”Butnothingsaysyoucan’tdomorethanonecause.12Forexample,youcouldworktosavepolarbearsinNovember,planttreesinDecember,andstopglobalwarminginJanuary.13Thiscanbeassimpleas“TheEnvironmentalClub”orascoolas“TeamEnvironment”.Youcanalsousesomeotherwords,suchasgreen,environmental,friendly,andofcourse,somethingthatrelatestoyourcause.Findaclubhouse.Nowthatyouhaveyourclub,youmustfindaplacewhereallthememberscangettogethertodiscussyourprojects.14Ifyourparentsallowit,youcanchooseyouryardorevenyourlivingroomastheplaceforyourclubmeetings.Decideonjobs.Youcanworkasanactivityorganizer,aprojectmanagerorthepresidentwhodecidesallthemeetingtimes,newmembers,meetingplaces,activitiesandprojects.Eachpersoncanhaveadifferentjob.15Andhow?Oftenremindthemofthesamegoalthey’reworkingtowards.A.Nameyourclub.B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.Afterall,savingtheworldisabigjob.D.Choosememberstoholdallthemeetings.E.Yourclubcoulddoadifferentcauseeverymonth.F.Itcouldbeinthewoods,intheparkorintheclassroom.G.Butencourageallmemberstosupporteachother’swork.Passage4(2023上·廣東·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))“Beautyisonlyskindeep”itissaid.Thismeansthataperson’sappearanceisnotasimportantastheircharacter.Yetitisstrangewhypeopleandespeciallywomenarewillingtospendafortuneonmakingthemselvesmoreattractivephysically.16Thereasoncanonlybeone,anditisthatbeautyhasitsadvantages.Attractivepeoplearemorepopulargenerally.Beautydrawsapositiveresponsefromthepeoplearound.Thisisobviouswithchildren.Forexample,basedonobservation,thereisatendencyforadultstotreatgood-lookingchildrenbetter.Thisfavorabletreatmentcontinuesintoadulthood,asattractivepeoplearemorelikelytobechosenforleadershippositionsandgivenmoreopportunities.17Anotherimportantbenefitthatgood-lookingpeopleenjoyisthattheyfindahusbandorwifemoreeasily.18Thisinitialattractionmaythendevelopintoromanticfeelingsandaseriousrelationshipifthecouplefindthattheyarecompatible(和睦相處的)witheachother.Ontheotherhand,beautyhasanumberofdisadvantagesaswell.Firstly,agood-lookingpersontendstoattractunwantedattentionfromallkindsofpeople.Theadmirermayhavebadintentionsandcauseproblemsforthetarget.19Itisthoughtthatbeautyandbrainsdonotgotogether.Thus,attractivepeoplemaynotgainrespectevenwhentheydeserveitbecauseofthisprejudiceagainstthem.Whileeveryindividualshouldtakecareoftheiroutwardappearanceandlooktheirbest,theyshouldnotneglect(忽視)theirinnerbeautyorcharacter.20Also,theyshouldnotforgetphysicalbeautyisindeed,onlyskindeepandwillnotlast.A.Lifeisnotalwayseasyforbeautifulpeople.B.Theskincareindustryisamulti-billiondollarbusiness.C.Itturnsoutbeingconventionallybeautifulhasitsbenefits.D.Itisafactthatpeoplearefirstattractedtooutwardappearance.E.Theyshouldnotplacesuchimportanceonbeautythattheybecomeproud.F.Beingwell-treatedgivesattractivepeoplemoreconfidenceandtheyperformbetter.G.Anotherproblemfacedbygood-lookingpeopleisthattheymaynotbetakenseriously.Passage5(2023上·湖南株洲·高一?？茧A段練習(xí))Friendshipisveryimportanttome.21.Inordertodevelopgoodfriendships,Iwillalwaysvaluethesequalitiesingoodfriendsandtrytomeasuremyselfagainstthesestandards.Agoodfriendshouldbehumorous.Nothingmakesspendingtimetogethermorefunthanafriendwhomakesyoulaugh.Mybestfriendisafunnygirl.IfeelhappywhenIlistentohertalking.Welaughatthefunnyscenesinfilms,welaughateachother’ssillymistakes,22.Notruefriendshipcangrowunlessthepeopleinvolvedareabletolaughtogether.Aclosefriendshouldalsobetrustworthy.23.WheneverIfeellow,mybestfriendhasawaytobreakthroughmytears,andshewillnotletmysecretout.ShewastheoneIturnedtowhenIgotalowmarkinMaths,whenIlostthegameintheschoolsportsmeeting,andwhenIhadabigargumentwithmyparents.24.Agoodfriendmustbeabletotellyouthetruthnotonlywhenyouareright,butalsowhenyouarewrong.Withoutthis,thefriendshipwillonlyeverexistonthesurfaceandneverdevelopadeepermeaning.Infact,IamgladthatmyfriendcanalwayspointoutwhatIhavedonewrong.Imightbeupsetatfirst,butwhenIrealizethatsheislikeamirrorwhichhonestlyreflectsmymistakes,Ihavetoadmitthatthisfriendshipmakesmeabetterperson.25.Afriendshipwherebothpartieshaveallofthesequalitieswillsurelybealong-lastingrelationship.Itwillenrichthelivesofbothfriends.A.Atruefriendshouldbehonest.B.Atruefriendwillhaveallthreeofthesequalities.C.andwelaughatourselvesaswell.D.Atruefriendhastobesomeoneyoucantrustwithyoursecrets.E.Sowhatistrustbetweenfriends.F.andwe’rehardlyoutofeachother’ssight.G.Therearecertainqualitiesthatareveryimportantinafriend.Passage6(2023上·福建泉州·高一福建省泉州市泉港區(qū)第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))HowtoMakeWiseDecisionsWemakedecisionseveryday;everythingwesayanddoistheresultofadecision.26However,therearesomestepsyoucanfollow.Listyouroptions(選擇).Itmayappearthatthereisonlyonecourseofaction,butthatisnotnecessarilytrue.Nomatterhowlimitedyoursituationseems,trytomakealistofoptions.Brainstorm,andwritedowneveryideathatcomestoyourmind,ascrazyasitmayseem.Youcanalwayscrossitoffthelistlater,butcrazyideascanbringcreativesolutions.Onceyouhaveyourlist,askothersforsuggestions.27Weighthepossibleresults.Foreveryoption,listeverypossibleresult,andlabel(標(biāo)簽)itaspositiveornegative.28Youcanputaplussignnexttoeachpositiveresultandaminussignnexttoeachnegativeone.Givetwoplusesorminusestothebestandtheworst.29Thisisthehardeststep,buttherewillhopefullybeadecisiononyourlistthatissupportedbybothlogicandintuition(直覺).Ifyoustillcan’tdecide,askforadvicefrompeopleyoutrust.Ifneedbe,letthembethetie-breakers.It’sbetterthanflipping(擲)acoin.Carryitoutwholeheartedlyonceyouhavemadeadecision.Atthisstage,don’tletyourselfbeconfusedbythinkingaboutallthechoicesyoudidn’tpick.Intheend,remembertoevaluateyourdecisionafterward.30Bydrawingwisdomfromeverydecisionyoumake,youcanensurethateverychoicehasatleastonepositiveresult.A.Makeachoice.B.Thinkaboutwhoisaffected.C.Thereisasimplewaytodothis.D.Sometimestheycanofferthemostcreativeideas.E.Youshouldhopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst.F.Therearenoeasyformulas(公式)formakingtherightdecision.G.Ifyoudon’tevaluateyourdecisionafterward,youwon’tlearnanythingfromit.Passage7(2023下·河北張家口·高一統(tǒng)考期中)Volunteersmakeasignificantdifferenceinthelivesofothers.Often,theyperformwiththeintentionofhelpingthoseinneed.31Certainactivitiescanhavetherapeutic(治療的)effects.Fromloweringstresstoincreasingself-confidence,volunteeringoffersmanyhealthbenefits.32Volunteersperformimportantrolesintheirduties.TheyserveasgreetersprovidingpatientroominformationanddirectionsandasCriticalCarewaitingroomattendants.Outsideofahealthcaresetting,volunteersimproveourbeaches,parks,andotherpublicservices.Volunteers’workisnecessarytoeverydayprocesses,providingthemwithasenseofpurpose.Volunteeringhelpsyoumeetothersanddevelopnewrelationships.Oneofthebestwaystomakenewfriendsandstrengthenexistingrelationshipsistotakepartinasharedactivity.33Spendingyourtimeworkingasavolunteeralsohelpsyouexpandyournetworkandpracticesocialskillswithothers.Volunteeringhelpsyoudevelopafeelingofgratitude.Thissocialemotionisn’talwaystheeasiesttoexpressduetoinherentvulnerability(固有的脆弱性),butitcanstrengthenrelationshipswiththoseclosesttoyou.Volunteeringallowsyoutotakeastepbacktolookatthebiggerpicture,whichcanhelpyourealizenevertakelifeforgrantedandalwaysbeappreciativeofwhatyouhave.34Volunteeringmayreducestresslevels.35Byenjoyingtimespentinservicetoothers,youwillfeelasenseofmeaningandappreciation,bothgivenandreceived,whichcanhaveastress-reducingeffect.A.Whatdoyouhopetogetoutofvolunteering?B.Therearemanyorganizationsthatactivelyseekvolunteers.C.It’sthelittlethingsyouhavethatgiveyouasenseofsatisfaction.D.Volunteeringteachesvaluableskillsandgivesasenseofpurpose.E.Volunteeringmaystrengthenaperson’ssocialnetworkstorelievestress.F.Butdoyouknowthatvolunteeringcanbenefityourownhealthaswell?G.Volunteeringisagreatwaytomeetnewpeoplewhosharecommoninterestswithyou.Passage8(2023上·河北保定·高一河北省唐縣第一中學(xué)?？计谥?Societytellsusthatyoucan’tteachanolddognewtricks.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.AnewstudypublishedinHumanDevelopmentpointsoutthatusingachildlikewayoflearningcanhelppeopleofanyagetakeonanddealwithnewdifficulttasks.36.Venture(冒險(xiǎn))outsideyourcomfortzone.Asadults,wetendtousesimilarskillsdayinanddayout:Wetakejobsinfieldswe’realreadygoodat,driveonthesameroadstothesameplaces,andfallintoroutineswerecomfortablewith.37Changingtosomethingmoredifficultmayhavemorecognitivebenefits.38Afearofmakingmistakesisanotherreasonwhyadultsaresoslowtolearnnewthings;ifwetryandfail,wecanfacecriticism,losemoney,orgetfired.That’swhyit’simportanttobuildupasupportnetworkofpeople—atworkandathome—whoallowyoutomakemistakesandlearnfromthem.Makeaseriouscommitmentanddon’tgiveup.39Ifyoucanaffordit,spendingmoneyonanewgoal—forexample,bookingatriptoRometopracticeyourItalian—mightalsomakeithardertojustgiveup.Learnmorethanonethingatonce.Wetendtopayattentiontoonehobbyoroneskill.Butdividingthattimeandenergyintothreeorfourareaswillstretchyourbraininalldifferentdirections.40Forexample,maybeyoustartedlearninganewlanguagelastyear,andthisyearyouaddsinginglessons,andnextyearyoutrysomethingelse.Youcanaddthingsgraduallytowhatyoucanhandle.A.Turntoyourfriendsandfamily.B.Thefollowingwayswilldothetrick.C.Surroundyourselfwithencouragingpeopleandnofearformistakes.D.Tellingfriendsaboutyournewgoalcanhelpkeepyoumotivated.E.Butallthissimilarroutinelimitsthepartsofthebrainthatwe’reusingregularly.F.Thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldstartallthenewhobbiesallatonce,though.G.Sofeelingcomfortablecanreducestressandmakeyouhappierandmoreproductive.Passage9(2023上·廣東佛山·高一佛山市順德區(qū)樂從中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Mostpeoplewilltellyouthatwithoutacupofcoffeeinthemorning,theycannotfunction.Coffeeisagooddrinkwhenconsumedinrightamount.LegendsaysthatKaldi,anEthiopian,discoveredhisgoatsenjoyeatingcoffeeplants.Curious,hetastedtheleavesandbegantodancearound.Apassingmonk(僧侶)witnessedthesceneandtooksomebacktohisfellowmonks.Laterthatnight,themonksexperiencedextremeinspiration.41SoonArabiawasroastingcoffeebeans.By1000A.D.,Muslimsweredrinkingcoffeetostayawake.AmerchantfromVeniceintroducedcoffeetoEuropein1615.By1696,theDutchstartedgrowingthecoffeebushinJava.By1723,coffeeplantswereintroducedtotheAmericas.Today,coffeeisthemostpopulardrinkintheworld.42.Studieshaveshownthatithelpscognitive(感知)skillsinelderlywomen.Womenwhodrankthreecupsofcoffeedailyscoredhigheronmemoryteststhanwomenwhodrankonecupofcoffee.43Itcancausenervousness,worriesandheartburn.Moreover,coffeecanbeaddictivelikeanydrug.44Forsomepeople,justonecupofcoffeeadayisOK.Caffeine(咖啡因)isthemajorchemicalincoffee.Caffeinepoisoningcanoccurifmorethan400milligramsofcaffeineisdrunkinashortperiod,whichisaboutfourtofivecupsofcoffee.45Soitshouldbeavoidedbeforebed.A.Coffeehasmanybenefits.B.Caffeinewillalsocausesleepdifficulty.C.Themoreyoudrink,themoreyoudependonit.D.Thecaffeineincoffeecanactuallyhelpfightdisease.E.However,itisconsideredharmfulifcoffeeistakeninlargeamount.F.Drinkingcoffeewhileyouhavethiskindofdiseasewill