定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)

語從句講解只作教學(xué)參考

一、原則：限定定語從句：①對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用。②一般可譯成“……的”

非限定定語從句：①對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用。②先行詞與定語從句往往有逗號(hào)隔開。③可以指代主句中一個(gè)詞的意思，也可指代主句整句話的內(nèi)容。④一般可譯成相應(yīng)的并列句或狀語從句。

二、口訣：缺什么，補(bǔ)什么。（“什么”指定語從句中的主語、謂語或賓語。必須用關(guān)系代詞或缺謂語時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)上。）注意如果主句也缺成分，不可用關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)。Isthisbooktheone(that)youneed?Isthisbooktheonethatisworthreadingwell?

什么都不缺:考慮所屬關(guān)系：whose=ofwhich

考慮關(guān)系副詞：where=介詞（表地點(diǎn)的介詞）+whichwhen=介詞（表時(shí)間的介詞）+whichwhy=介詞（表原因的介詞for）+which

三、分類講解：一、限定定語從句：⑴關(guān)系代詞：①當(dāng)先行詞指人：Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.(作主語)

Sheisthegirlwhom/who/that/----Iteach.(作賓語)②當(dāng)先行詞指物：Thisisthebookthat/whichcosts100yuan.(作主語)

Thisisthebookthat/which/----myfriendgavemeasapresent.(作賓語)⑵所屬關(guān)系：Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.

Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.⑶關(guān)系副詞：Istillrememberthefirstdaywhen/onwhichwefirstmeetinBeijing.

Canyoutellmetheofficewhere/inwhichheworks?

Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisabsent?

※注意：where高考重點(diǎn)考側(cè)“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”及先行詞表示“某人/物的situation”、“某事發(fā)展的stage”、“某事的某個(gè)方面”Theaccidenthadreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.

※只能用關(guān)系代詞that的特例：1.Doyouhaveanything(that)youwanttosayforyourself?2.Thisistheveryperson(that)Iamwaitingfor.3.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.4.ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoBeijing.5.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons(that)youaretalkingabout?6.Whichisthebike(that)youlost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?7.Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.8.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.

二、非限定定語從句：⑴指代主句中一個(gè)詞的意思：Thisisthebook,whichweneedverymuch.⑵指代主句整句話的內(nèi)容：Hecompletedtheworkontime,whichsurprisesusalot.

※關(guān)系代詞which(只能置于主句之后)和as(可置于主句前、后或插入句中)用法區(qū)別處：Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected/notexpected.(定從是否定句或表否定時(shí))Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.(定從行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí))Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.(定從謂語動(dòng)詞是個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí))Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.(定從行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí))★asissaid/asisreported/asisannounced/asiswell-known/as(it)wassaidearlier/asismentionedabove/等Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,aseverybodyknows.(習(xí)慣用法:連詞用法)★asanybodycansee/aswehadexpected/asIremember(it)/asIunderstand{it}/as(it)appears等Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(指代整個(gè)定從意思放句首時(shí))※關(guān)系代詞which和as用法相同處：Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,as/whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(定從結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表（表語是代詞或？）)※只能用as的特例：such……as……Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.

Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpectedthesame……as……Heisnotthesamemanashewas.suchas……ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.

三、介詞+which(限定定語從句/非限定定語從句)：⑴當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）/whom(指人)（不可省略）：IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn.？Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.⑵當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句末尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that/which(指物)that/whom/who(指人)或關(guān)系代詞省略（作介詞賓語時(shí)）Thisistheherothat/who/whomweareproudof.Thisisthepenthat/whichIwrotetheletterwith.※

當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞詞組是固定短語是介詞不可提前。Isthisthebuildingthat/which/----youarelookingfor?⑶復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句常與先行詞逗號(hào)分開。Ihavemademanyfriendshere,mostofwhomcomefromChina.Hepaidtheboy5dollarsforwashingthewindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.(注意倒裝情況說明)⑷介詞+which/whom+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.

四、主謂一致問題1.TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.2．TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.3．Tomisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.4．I,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.

Haveyouheardofthepersonsandthingsthatarebeingtalkedabout?

ToownaPCinfamilies,whichwethoughtwasimpossible20yearsago,nowbecomestrue.(注意插入語wethought)5．先行詞way“方式，方法”

Thewaythat/which/----heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.

Thewaythat/inwhich/-