四川省2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月學(xué)情檢測英語試題

四川省20242025學(xué)年上學(xué)期12月學(xué)情檢測高二英語試卷試卷共8頁，67小題，滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1.考查范圍：選擇性必修第一冊~選擇性必修第二冊Unit1。2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡指定位置上。3.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，請將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemando?A.Apanymanager.B.Abankclerk.C.Asoftwareprogrammer.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthebarber’s.B.Atthegrocer’s.C.Atthetailor’s.3.Howwillthespeakersgototheconcert?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Onfoot.4.Howmuchdidthemansaveintotal?A.$200.B.$600.C.$800.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandemployee.C.Husbandandwife.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apainter.B.Abook.C.Apicture.7Whichpaintingdoesthewomanlikebest?A.StarryNight.B.Sunflowers.C.SelfPortraitwithBandagedEar.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatimpressedSarahmostinParis?A.VisitingtheLouvre.B.WalkingalongtheSeine.C.SeeingtheEiffelTower.9.Whatwastheweatherprobablylikeduringthetrip?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havealookatthepictures.B.PayavisittoParisinthefuture.C.GobacktoParissomeday.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdidthemandofirstwhenhemetMary?A.Checkherdocuments.B.Takehertodropoffluggage.C.Showheraroundthecampus.12.Wherecanthewomangetamap?A.Atthedormitory.B.Attheschoolgate.C.Attheregistrationdesk.13Whatisthewomanmostinterestedin?A.Diningchoices.B.Courseoptions.C.Orientationevents.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatmaybefilmedinthevideosbySelina?A.Howtostartabusiness.B.Howtomakeavideo.C.Howtomakecrafts.15.WhatistheappealofSelina’svideostopeople?A.Thefastpacedlifestyle.B.Theconnectionwithnature.C.Theadvancedfilmingmethod.16.HowdidSelinalearnthetraditionalskills?A.Byattendingatrainingcourse.B.Bylearningfromherparents.C.Byresearchingandpractising.17.WhatwillSelinaprobablydointhefuture?A.Touraroundtheworld.B.OpenanewchannelonTV.C.Engagemorecraftsmentosharetheirskills.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whoarethechangestotrafficlawsmainlyaimedat?A.Bicycleriders.B.Cardrivers.C.Alcoholsellers.19.Whatpunishmentwillthecyclistsgetforusingphonesontheirbikes?A.3weeksinprison.B.6monthsinprison.C.3yearsinprison.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepolice’sreport?A.Therehasbeenariseintrafficaccidents.B.20bicycleaccidentshappenedlastyear.C.Mosttrafficaccidentsarecausedbytheelderly.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AEssaypetitionMakeyouruniversityapplicationstandoutbyenteringthe“YoungLaureatte’sEssaypetition”hostedbyTheCambridgeTutor!Thispetitionnotonlyimprovesyourprofileforuniversityapplications,especiallyappealingtoOxbridgeprospects,butalsosharpensyourwritingandcriticalthinkingskills.Youwillhavetheabilitytoexploreatopicinyoursubjectofinterestandengageinanareaofacademia.Winnerswillgainrecognitionfortheirintellectualtalents,whichisafantasticwaytoimpressuniversityadmissionpanels.Winnerswillalsoreceiveamysteryprize.Chooseanessaytoexplorefromarangeofsubjectsbelow:EconomicsGeographyPhilosophyPsychologyWhoCanEnter?Theessaypetitionisaimedatstudentsbetweentheageof15and19whoarepreuniversity.Rules:●Thereisa1,000wordlimitonallessays.●Allessaysmustbereferenced(thestyleofreferencingisuptothedecisionofthestudent).●WorkmustnotbecopiedorwrittenbyAI.Breakingtherulesabovewillleadtosubmissions(提交)notbeingconsidered.Deadline:Thedeadlineforallessaysis1stAugustat23:59.Theessaypetitionisfreetoenter(unlessthestudentissubmittinganentryafterthedeadline).Ifforanyreasonyoumissthe1stAugustdeadline,youwillhavetopayalateentryfeeof￡20andsubmityouressaybefore8thAugustat23:59.Pleasesubmityourlateessaysbyemailingus—thecambridgetutor@hotmail.!Pleasewrite“Essaypetition[YourName]”inthesubjecttitleoftheemail.Failuretodothismayleadtoyoursubmissionnotbeingseen.1.Whatbenefitwillstudentsgetiftheywintheessaypetition?A.Theirreadingskillscanbeimproved. B.TheywillsecureaplaceinCambridge.C.Theywillgetmoneyasawinningprize. D.Theirtalentswillberecognizedbyexperts.2.Whocanparticipateintheessaypetition?A.Anundergraduate. B.Anovelwriter.C.Ahighschoolstudent. D.Aneconomyinstructor.3.WhatifastudentmissesthedeadlineofAugust1st?A.Hewillhavehissubmissionsunseen.B.Hewillbechargedforthelateentry.C.Hewillberefusedtoattendthepetition.D.Hewillbeaskedtoexplainreasonsforlatesubmission.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一項論文比賽活動?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Winnerswillgainrecognitionfortheirintellectualtalents,whichisafantasticwaytoimpressuniversityadmissionpanels.(獲勝者將因其智力才能獲得認(rèn)可，這是給大學(xué)招生委員會留下深刻印象的絕佳方式。)”可知，獲勝者的才能會得到大學(xué)入學(xué)專家組的賞識，并給他們留下印象。故選D項。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoCanEnter部分的描述“Theessaypetitionisaimedatstudentsbetweentheageof15and19whoarepreuniversity.(這個論文競賽的目標(biāo)是針對15至19歲的大學(xué)預(yù)科學(xué)生。)”可知，此項比賽是針對還未上大學(xué)的15~19歲的學(xué)生群體，因此C選項合適。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Deadline部分第一段的描述“Ifforanyreasonyoumissthe1stAugustdeadline,youwillhavetopayalateentryfeeof￡20andsubmityouressaybefore8thAugustat23:59.(如果您因任何原因錯過了8月1日的截止日期，您將不得不支付20英鎊的逾期報名費(fèi)，并在8月8日晚上23:59之前提交您的論文。)”可知，如果錯過截止日期，在8月8日前可以通過繳納費(fèi)用繼續(xù)參加，故選B項。BEnjoyingherfirstevertriptotheUnitedKingdomforthecelebrationoftheGuinnessWorldRecordsDay2024,Rumeysa,theworld’stallestwoman,couldn’twaittoexperienceLondon’suniquevibrancy(活力)andtickoffherbucketlistsomesightseeingspots.InLondon,shehasbeennamedastheGuinnessWorldRecordsICON:anewcategoryofthemostexcellentrecordsintroducedforthebook’s2025edition,tohonorthecreamofthecropofrecordbreakingachievements.OriginallyfromTurkiye,wheresheliveswithherfamily,the27yearold,standingat215.16cm,achievedglobalfamethankstoherrecordbreakingheight:astatusthatisfullymatchedbyherdriveanddeterminedeffortstomaketheworldamoreinclusive,kinderplace.Afterbeingrecognizedasthetallestlivingfemalewhenshewas17,Rumeysawasconfirmedtobethetallestwomanlivingin2021.Shealsoholdstherecordsforthelargesthands,thelongestbackandthelongestearsonawoman.Rumeysa’simpressiveheightisduetoaconditioncalledWeaversyndrome,anextremelyraregeneticconditionthatcausesboneovergrowth.Doctorshaveonlyidentifiedabout50casesofWeaversyndromeworldwide.Rumeysawasthe27thcaseeverdiagnosed,andthefirsteverinTurkiye.Althoughtherecordholderhaschallengedstereotype(刻板印象)allherlifeandfacedhorriblesituation,sheneverallowedhardshipsandnegativitytostopher:assheworksasanambassadorfordiversityandpositivity,herpowerfulvoicecontinuestoinspireandeducatethecrowds.Homeschooled,Rumeysanowdesignsawebsiteandactivelyusestheplatformtoraiseawarenessabouthercondition.4.Whichistheclosestinmeaningto“thecreamofthecrop”underlinedinPara.1?A.Thefirst. B.Thebest. C.Thetallest. D.Thesmallest.5.WhatmadeRumeysaknownworldwide?A.HerjourneytoLondon. B.Hereffortinwork.C.Hermedicalcondition. D.Herimpressiveheight.6.WhatdowelearnaboutRumeysa?A.Shesuffersfromabonedisease. B.Sheexperiencedhardshipsatschool.C.Shecreatesherownwebpage. D.Sheworksasanonlineeducator.7.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Rumeysa:TheTallestWoman B.Overgrowth:TheWorstConditionC.Celebration:ANewWorldRecord D.Positivity:ASourceofInspiration【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述世界上最高的女性Rumeysa第一次前往英國倫敦慶祝2024吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄日并被命名為“吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄ICON”的事件以及她因基因突變遭遇韋弗綜合征而從未放棄的故事?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“InLondon,shehasbeennamedastheGuinnessWorldRecordsICON:anewcategoryofthemostexcellentrecordsintroducedforthebook’s2025edition(在倫敦，她被授予了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄ICON的稱號：這是為2025年版吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄書新引入的一個表彰最杰出記錄的類別)”可知，WorldRecordsICON是吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄2025版的新增類別，為了致敬打破紀(jì)錄的最精彩成就，推知thecreamofthecrop應(yīng)是“精英，最好的部分”之意，和B項意思相近。故選B項。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OriginallyfromTurkiye,wheresheliveswithherfamily,the27yearold,standingat215.16cm,achievedglobalfamethankstoherrecordbreakingheight:astatusthatisfullymatchedbyherdriveanddeterminedeffortstomaketheworldamoreinclusive,kinderplace.(現(xiàn)年27歲的她來自土耳其，和家人住在一起，身高215.16厘米，因其破紀(jì)錄的身高而享譽(yù)全球：這一地位與她讓世界變得更包容、更友善的動力和決心完全相符)”可知，她變得世界聞名是因為她破紀(jì)錄的身高。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Homeschooled,Rumeysanowdesignsawebsiteandactivelyusestheplatformtoraiseawarenessabouthercondition.(在家接受教育的Rumeysa現(xiàn)在設(shè)計了一個網(wǎng)站，并積極利用這個平臺來提高人們對她的病情的認(rèn)識)”可知，她設(shè)計了一個網(wǎng)頁，并積極利用自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺提高人們對她病情的認(rèn)識。故選C項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“EnjoyingherfirstevertriptotheUnitedKingdomforthecelebrationoftheGuinnessWorldRecordsDay2024,Rumeysa,theworld’stallestwoman,couldn’twaittoexperienceLondon’suniquevibrancy(活力)andtickoffherbucketlistsomesightseeingspots.InLondon,shehasbeennamedastheGuinnessWorldRecordsICON:anewcategoryofthemostexcellentrecordsintroducedforthebook’s2025edition,tohonorthecreamofthecropofrecordbreakingachievements.(Rumeysa是世界上最高的女人，首次前往英國參加2024年吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄日的慶?；顒?，迫不及待地想要體驗倫敦獨特的活力，并在她的愿望清單上勾選一些觀光景點。在倫敦，她被授予了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄ICON的稱號：這是為2025年版吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄書新引入的一個表彰最杰出記錄的類別，旨在表彰那些破紀(jì)錄成就的精英)”以及通讀文章可知，本文講述世界上最高女性Rumeysa的人物故事，所以A項“Rumeysa：最高的女人”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項。CDoyoufeellikeyoualwaysneedtouseGPStogetaround?Neverquitesureifit’saleftorarightturn—eventhoughyoujustlookedatamap?Areyoutiredofoutsourcingyourownbody’ssenseofdirectiontoanapp?Itcanbeanxietyinducing,butresearcherswhostudythistopicbelievethatyoucandosomethingtogainmoreconfidencewhilenavigating.“Letgoofyourfearofgettinglost,beobservantandpracticekeepingasenseofdirectioninyourheadasyoutravel,”saysMaryHegarty,acognitivepsychologistattheSpatialThinkingLabatUniversityofCalifornia.AnoverrelianceonGPScanalsoleadtoanarrowerviewofyoursurroundings,shesays.“You’renotpayingattentiontothebroaderenvironmentthatgivesyoucuesofwhereyouareinspace.”Infact,peoplewhohaveagoodinternalpassmayhaveadeeperconnectiontotheworldaroundthem,saysHugoSpiers,aprofessorofcognitiveneuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.HestudiedthebrainsofLondoncabdrivers,whoarerequiredtomemorizeabout25,000streetnamesinthecityinordertogetthejob.Andhefoundthatoncethecabdriversmasteredthenames,theyhadarealsenseofownershipofthecity—andgreaterpowerovertheirenvironment.IfyouwanttogainconfidenceontheroadorbelessreliantonGPStogetaround,justturnoffyourGPSandgetlostonpurposetoboostyoursenseofdirection.Nexttimeyougoforastrollordrivedownastreet,andyou’renotpressedfortime,trytofindyourwayaroundtown,thenseeifyoucanmakeitbackhomewithoutaGPSfromyourdestination,saysBenGero,anoutdoorrecreationspecialistwithClevelandMetroparks,whohelpskidsfromthecitygetusedtotheoutdoorsandteachesskillslikenavigation.8.Whydidtheauthorraisethequestionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.ToemphasizetheimportanceofGPS.C.Todescribeaphenomenon. D.Toexplaintheconceptofnavigation.9.AccordingtoMaryHegarty,whatshouldyoudowhentraveling?A.GiveupontheuseofGPS. B.Observethenarrowenvironment.C.Takenoticeofyoursurroundings. D.Practicespacethinkinginyourhead.10.What’sthepurposeofmentioningLondoncabdriversinPara.3?A.Toprovecabdrivers’goodmemories.B.ToillustrateHugoSpiers’pointsofview.C.Topresentthesituationofpublictransport.D.Toshowtherequirementsfordrivingacab.11.WhichofthefollowingwouldBenGeromostlikelyagreewith?A.Gettingaroundoutdoorsless.B.Relyingmoreonnavigationsystem.C.Improvingyourownsenseofdirection.D.Usingmemorytrickstorememberplaces.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明人們對GPS過度依賴的現(xiàn)象以及不同研究者提出的對于導(dǎo)航依賴的看法和建議?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itcanbeanxietyinducing,butresearcherswhostudythistopicbelievethatyoucandosomethingtogainmoreconfidencewhilenavigating.(這可能會引起焦慮，但研究這一主題的研究人員認(rèn)為，在導(dǎo)航時，你可以做一些事情來獲得更多的信心)”可知，作者通過提問引出人們過度依賴導(dǎo)航的核心話題以及專家對此提出的建議。故選A項。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AnoverrelianceonGPScanalsoleadtoanarrowerviewofyoursurroundings,shesays.“You’renotpayingattentiontothebroaderenvironmentthatgivesyoucuesofwhereyouareinspace.”(她表示，過度依賴GPS還可能導(dǎo)致你對周圍環(huán)境的視野變窄?！澳銢]有注意到更廣泛的環(huán)境，而這些環(huán)境會給你提供你在空間中的位置線索?！?”可知，出行的時候應(yīng)該關(guān)注周圍的環(huán)境。故選C項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Infact,peoplewhohaveagoodinternalpassmayhaveadeeperconnectiontotheworldaroundthem,saysHugoSpiers,aprofessorofcognitiveneuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.HestudiedthebrainsofLondoncabdrivers,whoarerequiredtomemorizeabout25,000streetnamesinthecityinordertogetthejob.Andhefoundthatoncethecabdriversmasteredthenames,theyhadarealsenseofownershipofthecity—andgreaterpowerovertheirenvironment.(實際上，擁有良好內(nèi)部指南針(方向感)的人可能與他們周圍的世界有著更深的聯(lián)系，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)教授雨果·斯皮爾斯說道。他研究了倫敦出租車司機(jī)的大腦，這些司機(jī)為了得到這份工作，需要記住倫敦大約25,000個街道名稱。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，一旦出租車司機(jī)掌握了這些名稱，他們就會對這座城市產(chǎn)生一種真正的歸屬感，并對自己的環(huán)境有了更大的掌控力)”可知，提到倫敦出租車司機(jī)是為了例證HugoSpiers“記住街道名稱會讓人更有城市歸屬感和掌控感，與周圍環(huán)境聯(lián)系更深”的觀點。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IfyouwanttogainconfidenceontheroadorbelessreliantonGPStogetaround,justturnoffyourGPSandgetlostonpurposetoboostyoursenseofdirection.(如果你想在路上更加自信，或者減少對GPS的依賴，那就關(guān)掉GPS，故意讓自己迷路，以此來增強(qiáng)你的方向感)”可知，BenGero認(rèn)為可以通過故意迷路的方式提升方向感和自信心。故選C項。DResearchersthinkthey’veobserved“darkoxygen”beingcreatedonthePacificOceanfloorpotentiallychallengingmonlyheldideasabouthowoxygenappearedonEarth.Untilnow,itwasthoughtthatoxygenwascreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis(光合作用),aprocessthatrequiressunlight.Butthediscoverycastsdoubtonthattheoryandraisesnewquestionsabouttheoriginsoflifeitself.Thescientistsaren’tcertainhowoxygeniscreatedatsuchdarkdepths,buttheybelieveit’sbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmineralscalledpolymetallicnodules(多金屬結(jié)核).Thesenodules—“effectivebatteriesinarock”,professorSweetmansaid—mayusetheirelectricchargetoseparatehydrogen(氫氣)andoxygenfromseawater.“Thetraditionalviewisthatoxygenwasfirstproducedaroundthreebillionyearsagoandtherewasagradualdevelopmentofplexlifeafterthat,”saidSweetman.“Thepotentialthattherewasanothersourcerequiresustohavearethink.”Researchersconductedtestsontheseafloorandalsocollectednodulestotestaboveground,andtheygotthesameresult:thatoxygenlevelsincreasednearthenodules.FranzGeiger,aprofessorwhoworkedonthestudy,saidthattheremaybeenoughpolymetallicnodulesinthePacificOceantomeetglobalenergydemandsfordecades.Buthealsosaidthatminingwouldhavetobeconductedinawaythatdidnotaffectlifeformsinthatpartoftheocean.paniesconductedexploratorymissionsfordeepseamininginthe1970sand1980s,Geigersaid,andrecentresearchsuggeststhatthosemissionsmayhavehadeffectsonsealifeintheareafordecades.“Afewyearsago,ateamofscientistswentbacktothoseareasthatweremined40yearsagoandfoundessentiallynolife,”Geigersaid.“Andthenafewhundredmetersovertotheleftandright,wherethenoduleswereuntouched,thereareplentyoflife.”12.Whatwaschallengedaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewayoxygenisproduced. B.Thetheoryofphotosynthesis.C.Theprocessoflifedevelopment. D.Thebeliefthatoxygeniscrucial.13.Whatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawfromtheirtests?A.Sunlightisnecessaryincreatingoxygen.B.Seaflooristhebestplacetostoreoxygen.C.Seawaterismadeupofhydrogenandoxygen.D.Polymetallicnodulesmaybethesourceofoxygen.14.WhatmightGeigerthinkofthedeepseamining?A.Itshouldbeforbidden. B.Itisnotworthdoingit.C.Itisbeneficialtothesealife. D.Itshouldbehandledproperly.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thelifeontheseafloor. B.Darkoxygenwasfound.C.Thesecretofphotosynthesis. D.Polymetallicnodulesmatter.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)的不通過光合作用而形成的氧氣——“暗氧”。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchersthinkthey’veobserved‘darkoxygen’beingcreatedonthePacificOceanfloor,potentiallychallengingmonlyheldideasabouthowoxygenappearedonEarth.(研究人員認(rèn)為，他們觀察到太平洋海底正在產(chǎn)生‘暗氧’，這可能挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于氧氣如何在地球上出現(xiàn)的普遍觀點。)”可知，觀察到太平洋海底正在產(chǎn)生“暗氧”，這可能會挑戰(zhàn)人們對地球上氧氣產(chǎn)生方式的普遍看法。故選A。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thescientistsaren’tcertainhowoxygeniscreatedatsuchdarkdepths,buttheybelieveit’sbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmineralscalledpolymetallicnodules.(科學(xué)家們不確定在如此黑暗的深處氧氣是如何產(chǎn)生的，但他們相信它是由一種叫做多金屬結(jié)核的帶電礦物產(chǎn)生的。)”和第五段“Researchersconductedtestsontheseafloorandalsocollectednodulestotestaboveground,andtheygotthesameresult:thatoxygenlevelsincreasednearthenodules.(研究人員在海底進(jìn)行了測試，并收集了結(jié)核進(jìn)行地面測試，他們得到了相同的結(jié)果：結(jié)核附近的氧氣水平增加了。)”可知，研究人員從測試中得出的結(jié)論是多金屬結(jié)核可能是氧氣的來源。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“FranzGeiger,aprofessorwhoworkedonthestudy,saidthattheremaybeenoughpolymetallicnodulesinthePacificOceantomeetglobalenergydemandsfordecades.Buthealsosaidthatminingwouldhavetobeconductedinawaythatdidnotaffectlifeformsinthatpartoftheocean(參與該研究的教授弗蘭茲·蓋格表示，太平洋中的多金屬結(jié)核可能足以滿足全球數(shù)十年的能源需求。但他也指出，開采作業(yè)必須以不影響該海域生物的方式進(jìn)行。)”可推知，蓋格認(rèn)為深海采礦應(yīng)該被妥善處理。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Researchersthinkthey’veobserved‘darkoxygen’beingcreatedonthePacificOceanfloor,potentiallychallengingmonlyheldideasabouthowoxygenappearedonEarth.(研究人員認(rèn)為，他們已觀測到太平洋海底正在生成“暗氧”，這可能挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于地球上氧氣來源的普遍認(rèn)知。)”可知，本文主要講的是研究人員觀察到太平洋海底正在產(chǎn)生“暗氧”，所以文章的主旨大意是發(fā)現(xiàn)了暗氧。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Itcanbetoughtofindthemotivationtodoanoutdoorworkoutoncewinterstrikeswithlowtemperatures,windchill,rainanddarknights.However,don’tletthecoldweatherpreventyoufromacplishingyourfitnessgoals.___16___.Dressfortheweather.___17___.Windchillscaneasilygothroughthinneritemsofclothes.Ifyourclothesarewetonarainyday,you’llhavenoprotectionfromtheicytemperature.Soitiscrucialtowearawindprooforwaterresistantouterlayer.Protectyourheadandhands.Whileonlyabout10percentofyourbodyheatescapesfromyourhead,asopposedto70percentaspreviouslybelieved,wearingahatincoldweatherisstillimportant.___18___.Chooseapairwithtouchscreenfingerstoavoidfrequentlytakingthemoffandon.Stayhydrated(含水的).Youmayfeellikeyousweatlessincoldweather,butdon’tbefooled.Youstillneedtodrinkup.___19___.Stayhydratedbydrinkingroomtemperaturewaterbefore,duringandafteryourworkout.___20___.“Imaginearubberband...it’sflexible,bendy(易彎曲的)andpullsrightbacktoitsshape.Nowimaginethatsamerubberband,butfrozen.Ifyoutrytopulltoohardbeforeit’sunfrozen,it’llbreaksuddenly,”explainstrainerAshleyWilking.Yourmusclesarelikerubberbands,youneedtograduallywakethemuptopreventinjury.Starttoheatupyourlargemuscleswithlightstretching,jumpingjacksandlungesindoorsbeforeheadingoutside.A.DoactivewarmupsB.ExerciselikeabendyrubberbandC.Followourexperttipstostayfit,warmandmotivatedthiswinterD.YourworkoutwearshouldbesoftandflexibleforyoutostretchandexerciseE.WindchillandrainarekeyelementstoconsiderforoutdoorworkoutsinwinterF.Yourhandsareanotherbodypartthatarelikelytofeelthechill,soglovesareamustG.Losingmuchwaterincreasesyourriskofinjuryandwillslowdownyourperformance【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多個冬季戶外鍛煉的實用建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itcanbetoughtofindthemotivationtodoanoutdoorworkoutoncewinterstrikeswithlowtemperatures,windchill,rainanddarknights.However,don’tletthecoldweatherpreventyoufromacplishingyourfitnessgoals.(一旦冬天來了，低溫、風(fēng)寒、下雨、黑夜，就很難找到進(jìn)行戶外鍛煉的動力。然而，不要讓寒冷的天氣阻礙你完成健身目標(biāo))”可知，空前提到不要讓冬季的寒冷天氣阻止你完成運(yùn)動目標(biāo)?？仗帒?yīng)是承上啟下的句子，根據(jù)后面四個標(biāo)題所表達(dá)的要點可知，本句主要提出冬日保持溫暖的建議。故C選項“遵循我們的專家建議，在這個冬天保持健康、溫暖和積極”符合語境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)“Dressfortheweather(根據(jù)天氣穿衣服)”這一段的描述，尤其是下文“Soitiscrucialtowearawindprooforwaterresistantouterlayer.(因此，穿上防風(fēng)或防水的外層是至關(guān)重要的)”可知，作者建議戶外運(yùn)動要穿防風(fēng)和防水的外套，作為本段的段首句，應(yīng)提出冬季戶外運(yùn)動寒風(fēng)和雨水是需要考慮的主要因素，故E選項“風(fēng)寒和雨水是冬季戶外鍛煉的關(guān)鍵因素”符合語境，故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Protectyourheadandhands.(保護(hù)好你的頭和手)”提到要保護(hù)頭和手，前一句“Whileonlyabout10percentofyourbodyheatescapesfromyourhead,asopposedto70percentaspreviouslybelieved,wearingahatincoldweatherisstillimportant.(雖然只有大約10%的身體熱量從頭部逸出，而不是之前認(rèn)為的70%，但在寒冷的天氣戴上帽子仍然很重要)”提到戴帽子仍然是重要的，后一句“Chooseapairwithtouchscreenfingerstoavoidfrequentlytakingthemoffandon(選一雙可以觸屏的手套來避免頻繁穿脫)”，此處“apair”與F選項中“gloves”構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系，故F選項“你的手是另一個容易感到寒冷的身體部位，所以手套是必須的”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Stayhydrated.(保持水分?jǐn)z入)”可知，本段主要談?wù)撟⒁庋a(bǔ)水，上文“Youstillneedtodrinkup.(你仍然需要多喝水)”說到你需要多喝水，下文“Stayhydratedbydrinkingroomtemperaturewaterbefore,duringandafteryourworkout.(在運(yùn)動前、運(yùn)動中、運(yùn)動后都要喝常溫的水)”說到在運(yùn)動前、運(yùn)動中、運(yùn)動后都需要喝水，故G選項“失去太多水分會增加你受傷的風(fēng)險，也會降低你的表現(xiàn)”說明注意補(bǔ)水的原因，符合語境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容““Imaginearubberband...it’sflexible,bendy(易彎曲的)andpullsrightbacktoitsshape.Nowimaginethatsamerubberband,butfrozen.Ifyoutrytopulltoohardbeforeit’sunfrozen,it’llbreaksuddenly,”explainstrainerAshleyWilking.Yourmusclesarelikerubberbands,youneedtograduallywakethemuptopreventinjury.Starttoheatupyourlargemuscleswithlightstretching,jumpingjacksandlungesindoorsbeforeheadingoutside.(“想象一根橡皮筋……它是柔韌的，可彎曲的，可以拉回原來的形狀。現(xiàn)在想象一下同樣的橡皮筋，但是是冰凍的。如果你在它解凍之前用力拉，它會突然斷裂，”教練阿什利·威爾金解釋說。你的肌肉就像橡皮筋，你需要逐漸喚醒它們，以防止受傷。出門之前，先在室內(nèi)做一些輕微的伸展運(yùn)動、開合跳和箭步跳來熱身你的大肌肉)”可知，本段內(nèi)容將肌肉比作橡皮筋，運(yùn)動前需要通過一些伸展、跳躍等輕微的運(yùn)動逐步喚醒肌肉避免傷害，故A選項“做一些積極的熱身運(yùn)動”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ateachercanchangeastudent’slife.However,the___21___isalsotrue.ClaytonGuyisanArizonahistoryteacheratArcadiaHighSchool.Whenhispupils___22___thefactthattheirbelovedteacher’swifeneededlifesavingsurgery,theyquicklyhelped___23___enoughmoneyfortheprocedure.Thestudents’___24___togiveahelpinghandbeganwhentheynoticedachangeinGuy’sbehavior.“Overall,Mr.Guyisoptimistic.”ParkerBond,oneofhisstudents,said.“Wenoticedthathis___25___wasalittlebitlower,andweknewsomethingwas___26___.”Guy___27___thathiswife,Angel,neededopenheartsurgery.Evenwhenhetooktimeofffromwork,hisstudentsreachedoutfor___28___.“WehadtowaituntilMay11forsurgery,andthekidswouldoftenaskhowshe’sdoing.”Guysaid.Tohelptheirteacher___29___thelargemedicalbills,thestudentsaskedforpermissiontolaunchaGoFundMecampaign.“Iwasjust____30____,”saidGuy.“Itkindofmademecry.Theyweresokind.Theydiditallontheirown,withoutbeing____31____byanybodyelse.”Thecampaignalready____32____its$10,000goalwiththehelpof144____33____.ManyofthemwereformerstudentsofGuy.Thesuccessofthecampaignhas____34____themunity.“Wereceivemorekindactsfrompeoplearound,”saidBond.“AteacherlikeMr.Guy,whogavesomuchtous,wasabletoreceivebackbecauseofhis____35____andallhedidforus.”21.A.change B.option C.influence D.opposite22.A.accountedfor B.gotwindof C.wrotedown D.madeuseof23.A.earn B.borrow C.raise D.loan24.A.attempt B.experiment C.lesson D.petition25.A.ine B.mood C.weight D.voice26.A.wrong B.right C.nice D.ugly27.A.mented B.reported C.revealed D.plained28.A.mysteries B.updates C.praises D.methods29.A.understand B.accept C.pile D.afford30.A.disappointed B.embarrassed C.inspired D.moved31.A.examined B.recognized C.encouraged D.agreed32.A.met B.set C.hid D.found33.A.doctors B.donors C.teachers D.candidates34.A.separated B.fired C.united D.recovered35.A.kindness B.honesty C.happiness D.creativity【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.A27.C28.B29.D30.D31.C32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Arcadia高中的歷史老師ClaytonGuy的妻子需要做心臟手術(shù)，學(xué)生們注意到老師情緒的變化后，自發(fā)組織捐款活動，幫助老師籌集手術(shù)費(fèi)用，展現(xiàn)了師生間的深厚情誼?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，相反的情況也是真實的。A.change改變；B.option選擇；C.influence影響；D.opposite反面。根據(jù)前文“Ateachercanchangeastudent’slife.”及后文學(xué)生幫助老師籌集手術(shù)費(fèi)用的事跡可知，老師可以改變學(xué)生的一生，學(xué)生也能改變老師的人生，即相反的情況也是真實的。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)他的學(xué)生們得知他們敬愛的老師的妻子需要救命手術(shù)時，他們很快幫忙籌集了足夠的手術(shù)費(fèi)用。A.accountedfor解釋；B.gotwindof得到……的風(fēng)聲；C.wrotedown寫下；D.madeuseof利用。根據(jù)后文“theirbelovedteacher’swifeneededlifesavingsurgery,theyquicklyhelped3enoughmoneyfortheprocedure.”可知，學(xué)生們得知老師的妻子需要手術(shù)這件事并給予了幫助。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他的學(xué)生們得知他們敬愛的老師的妻子需要救命手術(shù)時，他們很快幫忙籌集了足夠的手術(shù)費(fèi)用。A.earn賺得；B.borrow借入；C.raise籌集；D.loan借出。根據(jù)后文“enoughmoneyfortheprocedure”可知，學(xué)生們籌集了手術(shù)費(fèi)用，故選C項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)生們伸出援手的嘗試始于他們注意到Guy老師行為的變化。A.attempt嘗試；B.experiment實驗；C.lesson課程；D.petition競爭。根據(jù)后文“whentheynoticedachangeinGuy’sbehavior”可推知，學(xué)生們看到老師的變化，于是嘗試伸出援手。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們注意到他的情緒有點低落，我們知道出事了。A.ine收入；B.mood情緒；C.weight重量；D.voice聲音。根據(jù)上文“theynoticedachangeinGuy’sbehavior.“Overall,Mr.Guyisoptimistic.”ParkerBond,oneofhisstudents,said.”和后文“alittlebitlower”可知，學(xué)生們注意到老師變化，情緒從樂觀變得低落。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們注意到他的情緒有點低落，我們知道出事了。A.wrong有問題的；B.right正確的；C.nice好的；D.ugly丑陋的。根據(jù)上文“Wenoticedthathis5wasalittlebitlower”可知，老師情緒低落，所以學(xué)生們意識到出事了。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Guy透露，他的妻子Angel需要做開胸手術(shù)。A.mented評論；B.reported報道；C.revealed透露；D.plained抱怨。根據(jù)后文“hiswife,Angel,neededopenheartsurgery”可知，老師向?qū)W生們透露他妻子的病情。故選C項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使他請假不去上班，學(xué)生們也會詢問最新情況。A.mysteries神秘事物；B.updates最新情況；C.praises贊揚(yáng)；D.methods方法。根據(jù)后文“thekidswouldoftenaskhowshe’sdoing”可知，學(xué)生們會詢問老師妻子的最新情況。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了幫助他們的老師支付巨額醫(yī)療費(fèi)，學(xué)生們要求允許發(fā)起GoFundMe籌款活動。