2025年高考教案英語(yǔ)第二部分學(xué)透語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化動(dòng)詞篇專(zhuān)題三謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

強(qiáng)化動(dòng)詞篇專(zhuān)題三謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞卷別一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)&過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)&過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2023新Ⅰ新Ⅱ65.wished甲70.beemployed乙67.amamazed70.means2022新Ⅰ60.isdesigned58.were新Ⅱ63.threw62.wasfixing甲67.haswalked乙63.addressed浙江63.noticed56.beappreciated2021新Ⅰ61.was新Ⅱ63.was甲61.wasbuilt66.hired乙浙江60.waspainted65.sold56.hasproved/hasproven2020新Ⅰ60.arecalled61.is58.formed新Ⅱ63.is64.areencouragedⅠ67.means68.isconstructed61.touchedⅡ62.carriesⅢ66.pointed63.bechosen浙江59.wasneeded65.meant61.haddiscovered2019Ⅰ70.are65.havereportedⅡ64.declared66.havemadeⅢ65.remended69.wereinvited浙江56.has/willhave62.improved59.cycling（構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)arecycling）考向1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)[全國(guó)卷5年29考]1.[2023新高考Ⅱ，65]Asalittlegirl，Iwished（wish）tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.2.[2022新高考Ⅱ，62]Henrywasfixing（fix）hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.3.[2021北京，13]Whenyousleep，yourbrain...tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asitconnects（connect）things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory，andyougetadream.4.[2021天津3月，3]Wehavedone（do）quiteenoughworkforthemorning；nowlet’stakeabreak.5.[2020浙江，61]Byabout6000BC，peoplehaddiscovered（discover）thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.6.[浙江高考，56]Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform，nobodyhas/willhave（have）toworryaboutfashion（時(shí)尚）.7.[全國(guó)Ⅱ，66]IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade（make）overtheyears.全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空對(duì)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查涉及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（必考，5年12考）、一般過(guò)去時(shí)（必考，5年14考）和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（?？?，5年3考）；地方卷還會(huì)涉及對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)的考查。考生通?？梢愿鶕?jù)句中明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞（如左邊第5、7題）和上下文時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷時(shí)態(tài)，但尤其要注意沒(méi)有明顯時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的試題。1.[2023北京，11]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland，Ithrew（throw）ahousewarmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2.[2023北京，13]Yearslater，havingmovedtoFrance，Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner，onlytofindthatnootherguesthadarrived（arrive）andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.3.[2023浙江1月，60]Thelargesiheyuanofthesehighrankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoftenfeatured（feature）beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars（柱子）.4.[2022新高考Ⅰ，58]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere（be）previouslyunprotected，bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.5.[2022浙江，63]Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s"MonaLisa"，henoticed（notice）hersmilerightaway.6.[2022北京，13]Eventually，themancaught（catch）upwithher，andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet！7.[2021新高考Ⅰ，61]Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwas（be）forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.8.[2021浙江，65]AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861，theyrentedthehouseandsold（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.9.[2020全國(guó)Ⅰ，61]TheunmannedChang’e4probe（探測(cè)器）—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched（touch）downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.10.[2020浙江，65]Newmethodsmeant（mean）thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso...11.[全國(guó)Ⅱ，66]IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade（make）overtheyears.12.[全國(guó)Ⅲ，65]Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandremended（remend）wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.13.[浙江高考，62]OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’gradesimproved（improve）alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.考向2動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)[全國(guó)卷5年9考]8.[2023全國(guó)甲，70]Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployed（employ）todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.9.[2023全國(guó)乙，67]Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazed（amaze）bythecoexistenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage（遺產(chǎn)）whileconstantlygrowing.10.[2023浙江1月，59]Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermitted（permit）toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.11.[北京高考，9]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped（trap）inthemountainsfortwodays.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空中的考查主要涉及：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。地方卷中會(huì)涉及其他時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.[2023浙江1月，59]Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermitted（permit）toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2.[2021浙江，60]Mary’sniecewrote，"Thelittlehomewaspainted（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh..."3.[2020全國(guó)Ⅲ，63]Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen（choose），butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.4.[2020浙江，59]And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefoodwasneeded（need）.5.[全國(guó)Ⅲ，69]Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay，wewereinvited（invite）toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.考向3主謂一致[全國(guó)卷5年20考]12.[2023全國(guó)乙，70]Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld，means（mean）thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere，andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.13.[2021新高考Ⅱ，63]OneofthebiggestpaniesIwrotetowas（be）AlaskaAirlines.14.[2020新高考Ι，60]Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublicarecalled（call）galleriesorrooms.15.[2020全國(guó)Ⅱ，62]Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarries（carry）specialsignificance.16.[2020新高考Ⅱ，63]Becausethenumberofpossibletopicsis（be）practicallylimitless，wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.17.[2020江蘇，22]Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation，you’llfindprobablyasolutionthatsuits（suit）everyone.18.[天津高考，8]Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgiven（give）awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.語(yǔ)法填空中的主謂一致通常會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)放在一起考查。近幾年全國(guó)卷除了考查代詞或名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致外，還涉及：1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)；2."oneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)；3."thenumberof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)。地方卷還會(huì)涉及therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，以及主語(yǔ)后接aswellas或alongwith等短語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查情況。1.[2023北京，16]Uptonow，Chinahasestablished（establish）anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.2.[2022北京，16]Gasnaturallyhas（have）norecognisablesmell.3.[2020全國(guó)Ⅰ，67&68]"Thisreallyexcitesscientists，"CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，"becauseitmeans（mean）wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed（construct）."4.[全國(guó)Ⅰ，70]Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixare（be）stable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.5.[江蘇高考，22]Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiven（give）tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.注意1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常會(huì)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一起考查。2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在近幾年的全國(guó)卷中都沒(méi)有考查，地方卷偶有考查在suggest，advise等后的名詞性從句中的用法?？键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)下表為動(dòng)詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的形式（以do為例），加粗的為課標(biāo)要求掌握的十大時(shí)態(tài)，其余了解即可。一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過(guò)去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來(lái)will/shalldowill/shallbedoingwill/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing過(guò)去將來(lái)would/shoulddowould/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do/does）1.表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況或狀態(tài)等。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。NewYearinChinesepeople’seyesmeansafamilyreunion.Everyyearsees（see）thelargestannualmassmigrationontheplanetwhenonesixthoftheworld’spopulationtravelshometocelebratewiththeirfamilies.see在此處表示"見(jiàn)證"。2.表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)、普遍真理，不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)限制。Thegeographyteachertoldhisstudentsthattheearthmoves（move）aroundthesun.3.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Mymotherwillbeveryangrywithmewhenshefinds（find）outI’mlying.4.be動(dòng)詞及少數(shù)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，如e，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop，depart等，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theflighttakes（take）offat8：30everyWednesdayandFriday.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)（did）1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與yesterday，lastyear，threeyearsago，theotherday，justnow，then，in1999，atthattime等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。[2022新高考Ⅱ，63]Hequicklythrew（throw）histoolsaside，andstartedrunning，armsout.2.在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Heknewbythetimehearrived（arrive）shewouldhavepreparedeverythingforhim.3.用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的行為或狀態(tài)。Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedid（do）somethinginsteadofjusttalking.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1."shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形"表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。"will＋動(dòng)詞原形"還可以表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。HowlongwillyoustayinShanghai？你將在上海待多久？2."begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形"表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看那些烏云，要下雨了。3."beto＋動(dòng)詞原形"表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Iamtopickupmyfriendattheairportthisafternoon.今天下午我要去機(jī)場(chǎng)接朋友。4."beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形"表示正要或即將做某事，不與具體的表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Workisabouttostartonanewfactorybuilding.新廠(chǎng)房即將動(dòng)工。Agapyearisaboutgainingskillsthatwillhelp（help）youinthefuture.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（am/is/aredoing）1.表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Sorry，Ican’tsparetimeforthecleaning.Iamplanning（plan）ourscheduleforthebusinesstripnow.2.某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，e，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。Apoliceofficerisgivingalectureonhowtoprotectusfromonlinecrimethisafternoon.一名警官下午將會(huì)做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于如何保護(hù)我們免遭網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的講座。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/weredoing）1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then，atthattime，atthistimeyesterday等。Timwaswatching（watch）TouchingChinaonCCTVwithhisfamilyatthistimeyesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Theywereadvancing（advance）alongthepathwhenastreamstoppedthem.3.一些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，e，leave，start，arrive等。Tomhadtopackhisthingsupquickly，becausehewastoldthatthistaxiwasleaving（leave）in2minutes.六、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（will/shallbedoing）表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。常與at8：00amtomorrow，inthenexttwomonths等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Bythetimeyouarrivehome，Iwillbesleeping（sleep）then，sopleasedon’tmakeanynoise.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并已完成的某個(gè)動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，常與yet，already，just，before，recently，lately，ever等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Thankstoadvancesintechnology，thewaywemakefriendsandmunicatewiththemhaschanged（change）significantly.2.表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與thesedays，uptonow，sofar，"for＋時(shí)間段"或"since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)"等連用。[2021浙江，56]Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac，butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield，Illinois，hasproved/hasproven（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.3.常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的固定句型：ThisIamnotfamiliarwiththesong—it’sthefirsttimeIhaveheard（hear）it.八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)（haddone）1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearned/hadlearnt（learn）theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaid（say）tomealtogether.2.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常和for，by，until，before等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。InBeijing，therehadbeen（be）morethan21，100peopleonthelistbytheendof2017sincethecitystartedabodydonationregistryin1999.3.常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的固定句型：...Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme，becauseitwasthefirsttimethatIhadlived（live）abroadalone.4.表示"希望、認(rèn)為、打算"的動(dòng)詞（如hope，want，expect，think，mean，plan，intend等）用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)。[天津高考，2]Ihadhoped（hope）tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn’tmanageit.九、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（would/shoulddo）1.表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。Margretpromisedthatshewouldcall（call）uswhenshewentbacktoWashington.2.三種表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：wasWeweregoingtohaveabarbecuebuttherainruinedourplan.我們打算露天燒烤，但因?yàn)橄掠辏?jì)劃泡湯了。Isawthesoupwasabouttoboilover，soIturnedthegasoff.我看到湯快要溢出來(lái)，所以我關(guān)掉了煤氣。Atcollege，BarackObamadidn’tknowthathewastobeethefirstAfricanAmericanpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.在上大學(xué)時(shí)，貝拉克·奧巴馬不知道他將成為美國(guó)第一位非洲裔總統(tǒng)。十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/hasbeendoing）1.表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。常與thesedays，recently，lately，inthepast/last＋時(shí)間段，since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for＋時(shí)間段等連用。[2020天津，2]—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIhavebeenpractising（practise）alotthesedays.2.表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見(jiàn)面。1.ImpressedbythebeautyofadesertbesidetheYellowRiver，WangWeistoppedoffandwrote（write）atimelessclassicpoem："Inthevastdesertrisesstraight，lonelysmoke；thegrand，longriverreflects（reflect）theroundsettingsun."2.Overthepastdecade，aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextremepovertyhasmarked（mark）somesignificantsuccess.3.Itwastimeformetotrymyhand，soItookupthebrush，dipped（dip）itintheink，andcarefullywrote"one"inChinese.4.Whenwereadapoem，weoftenimaginewhatthepoetswerethinking（think）whentheywroteorwhattheyweredoingatthetime.5.ForthepastfourdaysIhavebeentaking（take）partinadisabilityartsfestivalasamemberofachoir（合唱團(tuán)）setupspeciallytoperformatthisfestival.Lookingforwardtothedayofperformance！6.Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold，Einsteinhadlearned/hadlearnt（learn）advancedmathematicsallbyhimself.7.Ifwekeepondoingthispractice，gradually，wewilllearn（learn）howtoexpressourselvesinEnglishbetter.8.Justinapologizedtohisteacherandpromisedthathewouldcorrect（correct）hismistakes.9.Ihadexpected（expect）toattendanotherlecturebuttimedidn’tpermit.10.—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling（fill）inanapplicationformforanewjob.11.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteaching（teach）aclassatthattime.12.Ibelievethatallyourhardworktodaywillpay（pay）offinthefuture.13.Alicewaswhispering（whisper）astorytoherdaughterinthesittingroomwhensheheardasharpscream.14.Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，Ihavegotten（get）plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.15.AsChina’slargestpandabreedingcenter，Chengduattracts（attract）tensofmillionsofpandaloverseveryyear.考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)態(tài)am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedone進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone—完成時(shí)態(tài)has/havebeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendoneDuetotheideallocation，YellowCraneTowerwasbuilt（build）bySunQuanasawatchtowerforhisarmy.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea，whichiscalled（call）thePacific，andwemetnostorms.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewarded（reward）withsuccessintheend.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenadapted（adapt）fordifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading，onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated（decorate）.二、無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）1.不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）：happen，occur，takeplace，remain，runout，breakout等。2.少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）：lack，benefit，mean（意思是），belongto，sufferfrom，datebackto，consistof等。?？疾槠渥鞣侵^語(yǔ)的用法。Mrs.Smithsaysthesecrettoherbeautyliesinherspecialdiet，consisting（consist）oforganicvegetables，fruitandnutsgrowninherowngarden.Inthesixteenthcentury，fruitandvegetablesweretobefoundonlyingardensbelonging（belong）towealthypeople.三、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1."系動(dòng)詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste等＋形容詞/名詞"。Thewaterfelt（feel）coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.2."need，require，want，beworth等＋ving"。Mywatchcan’twork；itneedsrepairing/toberepaired（repair）.It’sworthmaking（make）anappointmentbeforeyougo.3.read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞，常與well，easily，smoothly等副詞連用，表示被動(dòng)意義。Thenovelsells（sell）well，sothemanagerhasplacedanotherorderintheprintinghouse.1.Thiskindofclothhasbeensoldoutinnotimeatthetradefairbecauseitwashes（wash）veryeasily.2.Moreefforts，asreported，willbemade（make）intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructuralreform.3.TheMidAutumnFestivalisaveryimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina，whichtakesitsnamefromthefactthatitiscelebrated（celebrate）inthemiddleofautumn.4.Thetowerwhichisbeingrestored（restore）willbeopentotouristssoon.Aswecansee，theworkisalmostfinished.5.Bythetimehewas30，hehadbeenregarded（regard）asoneoftheoutstandingsculptors.6.Ourfootballteamwasdefeated（defeat）bythevisitingteam，whichmadeourfanssadanddisappointed.7.Dr.Mantecahasmadeitclearthathisprivatecollectionswillbeleft（leave）totheNationalGalleryafterhedies.8.Currently，about35，000worksarebeingdisplayed（display）inover300roomsintheLouvre，andittakesalifetimetoseeeverything.9.TheChinesewritingsystemconsists（consist）ofthousandsofcharacters，eachwithitsownartisticstructureandstrokeorder（筆順）.10.It’sapitythatfewstudentsnowadaysarekeenonreadingclassicswhichIthinkarereallyworthreading（read）.考點(diǎn)三主謂一致一、語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1.單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、不定式（短語(yǔ)）或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Althoughmedicalsciencehasachievedcontroloverseveraldangerousdiseases，whatworriesusis（be）thatsomeofthemarereturning.2.主語(yǔ)后接with，alongwith，togetherwith，like，except，but，besides，aswellas等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與這些詞前的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Theoutstandingatmosphere，aswellasvariousactivities，hasdrawn（draw）manystudentstoourschoolthesethreeyears.3.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與先行詞保持一致。Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewritten（write）bywritersinancienttimes.二、意義一致原則主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1all，some，half，most，therest等或由其修飾與表達(dá)的實(shí)際意義一致some/half/most/therest/百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞與of后名詞的數(shù)一致2alargenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞（許多……）復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞（……的數(shù)量）單數(shù)3a（great/large）quantityof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可/單數(shù)（large）quantitiesof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)4"the＋形容詞"表示一類(lèi)人復(fù)數(shù)"the＋姓氏復(fù)數(shù)"表示一家人5表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常當(dāng)作整體來(lái)看單數(shù)6police，cattle等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的有生命的集體名詞復(fù)數(shù)7sheep，means，series，species等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與表達(dá)的實(shí)際意義一致8audience，class，team，crew，family，group，mittee，population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)指一個(gè)整體單數(shù)指組成集體的成員復(fù)數(shù)9and連接并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)表示不同概念復(fù)數(shù)指同一人或物單數(shù)10manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主語(yǔ)前面有each，every，no等修飾Aboutthreequartersofthesurfaceoftheearthiscovered（cover）bywater.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhichweresaved（save）forotherpurposes.[2020天津，9]Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sandhasremained（remain）aroundthatleveleversince.Thereisnodoubtthateveryboyandeverygirlwishes（wish）toattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry，largequantitiesofwastearecreated（create）everyday.Everyyear，alargequantityofmoneyisspent（spend）onenvironmentalprotection.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekis（be）goodforone’shealth.Sofar，everypossiblemeanshasbeentried（try）tosavetheminerstrappedinthecoalmine.Thepopulationofourcountryisverylargeandabout36percentofitareruralresidents.（be）Thepoetandartistis（be）LinHua’sgrandfather.HetellsusalotaboutChineseliteratureandpainting.此處詩(shī)人和藝術(shù)家指的是同一人。Inthepastthreedays，manyasoldierhasbeensent（send）toHebeiProvincetohelpsavepeopletrappedintheflood.InChina，theyounghave（have）greatrespectfortheelders，becausetheChinesebelieve（believe）thatoldpeoplepossessmuchmorewisdom.三、就近一致原則1.由either...or...（或者……或者……），neither...nor...（既不……也不……，兩者都不），notonly...butalso...（不但……而且……），or（或者），whether...or...（是……還是……），not...but...（不是……而是……）等連接的并列名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與最靠近的名詞或代詞保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis（be）toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.NotonlyIbutalsoAlbertandMaryare（be）fondofphysics，whileRobertlikesmaths.2.there/herebe句型中有并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be在數(shù)上與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Thereis（be）aputerandthreechairsinmynewoffice.1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthatis（be）awinnerofthescholarshipeveryyear.2.Overthepast3years，morethanonebookaboutspaceexplorationhasbeenpublished（publish）allovertheworld.3.Afterweeksofresearch，thisnewspeciesis/wasidentified（identify）aspartofthesauropod（蜥腳類(lèi)恐龍）familyofdinosaurs.4.Thecoupleaswellastheirdaughterareenjoying（enjoy）themselvesintheparknow.5.Thus，bothofthemwere（be）worriedaboutwhathadhappenedandturnedtotheirheadteacherforhelp.6.Myvillage，wheretheclimateandthelandscapeare（be）pleasant，liesinthemountainsinsouthwestChina.7.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesofinternationalstudentsarearound$8，450ayear，whichisaburdenformanyfamilies.（be）8.Thefactisthatthereisonlyonecorrectanswertothisquestion.EitheryouorIam（be）wrong.9.Asurveyshowsthat80％ofthemiddleagedinthiscityare（be）infavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.10.Largequantitiesoffoodhavebeensent（send）tothefloodstrickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.11.Sofar，readinghasbee（bee）suchanimportantpartinmylifethatIcanhardlyimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutreading.12.Everypossiblemeanshasbeenused（use）topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.13.Thereareanumberofclubsinourschoolandthenumberofmembersisstillgrowing.（be）14.Whatisamazingabouttheseearthbuildingsis（be）thefactthatsomeofthemareover700yearsold，survivingnaturaldisasters，includingearthquakes.15.Heiscapableofdealingwithtoughproblemsandallofusarewillingtoworkwithhim.（be）考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句can/could①表示能力，意為"能，會(huì)"。②表示客觀(guān)可能性，意為"有時(shí)會(huì)；可能"。③表示推測(cè)，通常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，can比could語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。Don’tworryyourselfaboutme，Icantakecareofmyself.你別擔(dān)心我，我能照顧好自己。Shecan’tbeMary，becauseMaryisinhospital.她不可能是瑪麗，因?yàn)楝旣愖≡毫?。may/might①表示請(qǐng)求和許可，意為"可以"。在疑問(wèn)句中，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉。②表示推測(cè)，意為"可能"。通常用于肯定句和否定句中，might比may的可能性要小一些?！狹ightIgofishingwithyoutomorrow？明天我可以和你一起去釣魚(yú)嗎？—Yes，youmay/can.是的，你可以。shall表示命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。用于主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)或第三人稱(chēng)的陳述句中。TellJerryheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell.告訴杰里，他如果表現(xiàn)得好，會(huì)得到一個(gè)禮物。should①表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等，意為"應(yīng)該"。②表示推測(cè)，意為"按理應(yīng)當(dāng)，估計(jì)"。③表示意外、驚訝、憂(yōu)慮、惋惜等情緒，意為"竟然"。Youshouldlearntorespecttheelders.你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)尊重長(zhǎng)輩。It’sstrange（that）youshouldsaythat.你這么說(shuō)真奇怪。must①表示義務(wù)、必要性等，意為"必須"。在回答由must引起的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，若為否定回答，通常用needn’t或don’thaveto。②表示很有把握的肯定推測(cè)，通常用于肯定句中，意為"準(zhǔn)是，肯定是"。③mustn’t表示"不許，禁止"，是強(qiáng)制的命令?！狹ustIhandinmypapernow？我現(xiàn)在必須交論文嗎？—Yes，youmust./No，youneedn’t（＝don’thaveto）.是的，你必須。/不，你不必。will①表示意愿、意志。②表示請(qǐng)求。③表示習(xí)慣，意為"常常做某事"。④would/usedto表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣。Whenmyparentswereaway，mygrandmotherwouldtakecareofme.我父母外出的時(shí)候，總是祖母照看我。need表示必要性，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，needn’t表示"不必"。對(duì)need引出的一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答時(shí)用must，作否定回答時(shí)用needn’t。Myroomisveryclean，andIneedn’tcleanittoday.我的房間很干凈，我今天不需要打掃它了。dare意為"敢，膽敢"，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中。Idaren’tsaywhatIthink.我不敢說(shuō)出自己的想法。haveto表示客觀(guān)需要，意為"必須，不得不"。Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainleavesat10：05.你必須在10：00前回來(lái)，因?yàn)榛疖?chē)10：05發(fā)車(chē)。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)musthavedone過(guò)去一定做過(guò)……can/could（not）havedone過(guò)去（不）可能做過(guò)……may/mighthavedone過(guò)去可能做過(guò)……對(duì)過(guò)去情況的后悔、遺憾或責(zé)備couldhavedone本能夠做（卻未做）……shouldhavedone本該做（卻未做）……mighthavedone本可以做（卻未做）……needn’thavedone本不必做（卻做了）……Whatapity！Consideringhisabilityandexperience，hecouldhavedone（do）better.It’s9：00now.Jennyshouldhavefinished（finish）herhomework.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空（必要時(shí)加not）1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim？—Don’tworry.Hemay/mightnote.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainabouthisplans.2.Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.Idon’tthinkyoushouldgiveupbecauseyouhavebeenpractisingforsolong！4.Whenheworkedthere，hewouldhaveawalkalongtherivereverymorning.5.Youknowhewon’tletusleaveearlyifwedon’tgettheworkdone.6.Inmyopinion，youshouldleavehimaloneforthetimebeingtoallowhimtocalmdown.7.Youmustn’tplaywiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.8.—MustIfinishthejobthisFriday？—No，youneedn’t.Youmayfinishitbefore6：00pm.9.Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.10.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswill/should/shallsurelybepunished.考點(diǎn)五虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)事實(shí)的假設(shè)if從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去式（be用were）should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)had＋過(guò)去分詞should/would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去式（be用were）wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形should＋動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput（put）touse，thetragedythismorningwouldneverhavehappened.二、含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是暗含在某些詞或短語(yǔ)中，或隱含在上下文中。最常用的表達(dá)有：without，or，otherwise，butfor等?！狣oyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber？—No.Otherwise，Ishould/would/could/mighthavebeen（be）abletoreachheryesterday.三、表示"命令、建議、要求等"的動(dòng)詞或名詞后的從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣[（should＋）動(dòng)詞原形]1.常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持（insist），二命令（order，mand），三建議（suggest，advise，propose），四要求（require，request，demand，desire）。Heinsistedthatshewas（be）seriouslyillandthatshe（should）besent（send）tohospitalatonce.Theyadvisethatyou（should）carry（carry）apassportatalltimes.Itissuggestedthatsunscreen（should）beapplied（apply）everyonetotwohoursinasunnyday.提示1.insist作"堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持"講時(shí)，用來(lái)表示一種要求、請(qǐng)求，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而insist作"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)"講時(shí)，用于陳述一種看法、實(shí)情，其后的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是無(wú)辜的。2.suggest作"建議"講時(shí)，用來(lái)表示一種意見(jiàn)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而suggest作"表明，暗示"講時(shí)，用于陳述一種實(shí)際情況，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasafraud.他說(shuō)的話(huà)表明他是個(gè)騙子。2.常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)名詞有：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，requirement，order，demand，desire等。Mysuggestionwasthatschools（should）take（take）necessarymeasurestokeepthechildrenawayfromviolenceinschools.Hegavetheorderthatalltheguests（should）begreeted（greet）warmlyastheyarrived.四、固定句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去式（be常用were）had＋過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或感嘆句過(guò)去式（be常用were）had＋過(guò)去分詞would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句過(guò)去式（be常用were）had＋過(guò)去分詞would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Itis（high）timethat...過(guò)去式或"should＋動(dòng)詞原形"Thepillsmighthavehelpedhim，ifonlyhehadtaken（take）themregularly.IwishIwould/should/could/mightclimb（climb）theGreatWallwithyoutomorrow，butI’mpreparingfortheingexam.Sheissokeenonbeautifyingherselfies（自拍照片）thatshelooksasifshewere（be）tenyearsyoungerinthephotos.1.Itissuggestedthatparents（should）limit（limit）children’sscreentime.2.Iftheambulancehadeheresoonerlastnight，thepatientwould/should/could/mightbe（be）alivenow.3.IwishIwere（be）anarchitectbecausethenIwouldbeabletodesignmyownhouse.4.Theywould/should/could/mighthavearrived（arrive）atlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.5.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhadtold（tell）me，Icouldhavehelped.6.Bobwould/should/could/mighthavehelped（help）usyesterda