大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模擬試卷13（共533題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷13（共9套）

（共533題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（年月考試改革適用）模

擬試卷第1套

一、作文（本題共I題，每題7.0分，共I分。）

1、Forthispan,youareallowed30minutesiowriteashortessayoniheimporianceof

frustrationeducationamongcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutno

morethan180words.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheImportanceofFrustrationEducationAmongCollegeStudentsEach

yeartherearcagrowingnumberofcollegestudentscommittingsuicidewhenconfronted

withsetbacksandfrustration,whichsuggeststhatfrustrationeducationisextremely

importantforcollegestudents.Firstofall,whatcannotbeignoredisthatmostcollege

studentswhoarefarawayfromtheirfamiliesneedtofacechallengesaloneandmay

easilygetconfusedandfrustrated.Thus,strengtheningfrustrationeducationcanhelp

thembecomestrong-mindedandteachthemhowtodealwithsetbacks.Secondly,college

guidanceonhowtocorrectlydealwithnegativeemotionsisbeneficialtostudents'

mentalhealthandencouragesthemtotakeapositiveattitudetowardstheirschoollife.

Moreover,frustrationisinevitableinourlives.Ifcollegestudentsdonotlearnhowto

copewithitwhentheyareyoung,theymayencountersomeproblemsintheirfuture

careers,suchaslackofconfidence,difficultiesingettingalongwellwithothersand

unwillingnesstotrynewthings,whichcertainlywillbecomeobstaclestotheirsuccess.

Inshort,frustrationeducationcanbringgreatbenefitstostudents,whichshouldnotbe

neglectedatcollege.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

二、詞匯理解（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70分。）

Bullyingisadistinctivepatternofharmingandhumiliatingothers.Thosewhoarcin

somewaysmaller,weaker,youngerormore[Cl]thanthebullyoftenfall

victims.Bullyingisnotcommonaggression;itisadeliberateandrepeated[C2]

tocauseharmtoothersoflesserpower.Bulliesaremade,notborn,andithappens

atanearlyage,ifthe[C3]aggressionof2-year-oldsisn'thandledwell.Many

studiesshowthatbullieslackpro-socialbehavior,are[C4]byanxiety,anddo

notfeelempathyforothers'situations.Thosewhochronicallybullyhavestrained

relationshipswithparentsandpeers.Bulliescouldn'texistwithoutvictims,andtheydon't

pickonjustanyone-those[C5]outlackassertivenessandradiatefearlong

beforetheyeverencounterabully.Thepsychologicaldifficultiesvictimsexperiencedin

childhoodandadolescencemayproducenegative[C6]wellintoadulthood.

Unfortunately,parents,teachers,andotheradultsarenot[C7]awareofhow

widespreadbullyingisandhowdamagingitcanbetopsychologicalhealth.Increasingly,

childrenaregrowingupwithoutthekindsofexperiencesthatleadtothedevelopmentof

socialskills,andfreeplayhasbeenin[C8].Yet,it'sinplayingwithpeers,

withoutadultmonitoring,thatchildren[C9]theskillsthatmakethemwell-liked

byage-matesandlearnhowtosolvesocialproblems.Butchildrenlearnalotabout

[CIO]theirsocialworldsbyseekingguidancefromtheirparents,sodiscussing

withyourchildrennormsandvaluesdoesmatter.A)acquireI)outcomesB)alarmingly

J)preferencesC)attemptK)restrainingD)declineL)singledE)droppedM)sufficiently

F)indifferentN)untroubledG)navigatingO)vulnerableH)normal

2、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:空格位于連詞or之后,與之并列的smaller、weaker和younger均為

形容詞，因此，空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞且感情色彩應(yīng)與前面幾個(gè)單詞一致，故選

O)vulnerable”脆弱的，易受...傷害的“。

3、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)》析：空格位于不定冠詞和形容詞之后，應(yīng)填入名詞。上文提到，“霸凌是

?種傷害和羞辱他人的獨(dú)特形式”，而空格所在句提到?！鞍粤璨皇?般的攻擊性行

為，而是故意地、反復(fù)地______對(duì)弱小者造成的傷害?！币虼丝赏茢鄳?yīng)填入

C)attempt"試圖，嘗試”°備選項(xiàng)中的J)preferences“偏愛(ài)的事物，喜愛(ài)的東西”雖然

句意上說(shuō)得通，但它是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能和不定冠詞a搭配，故排除。

4、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于定冠詞和名詞之間，應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語(yǔ)。上文提到，“霸

凌不是一般的攻擊性行為“，if引導(dǎo)的從句假設(shè)“兩歲孩子的攻擊行為得不到

妥善處理”，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)主句中交代的“小小年紀(jì)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)霸凌行為”，推測(cè)得知這時(shí)

的攻擊行為應(yīng)該屬于程度比較輕的、比較常見(jiàn)的行為，對(duì)應(yīng)上文的common,因此

填入H)normal"一般的,正常的“。備選項(xiàng)中的F)indiffereiH作“冷淡的”講時(shí),一般

用來(lái)修飾人而非行為；作“一般的”講時(shí)，指的是質(zhì)量、技藝方面一般，不符合此處

語(yǔ)境，故排除。

5、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于系動(dòng)詞和介詞by之間，應(yīng)填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

空格前后的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)了lackpro-socialbehavior“缺乏親社會(huì)行為”和donot

fbelempathy”缺乏同理心”這樣的表達(dá)，要保持感情色彩一致，故應(yīng)填入

N)untroubled"不受影響的，不為所動(dòng)的”，表示霸凌者不會(huì)受焦慮影響。備選項(xiàng)中

的F)indifferent作“冷淡的”講時(shí)，-一般搭配介詞to,故排除。

6、(C51

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于主語(yǔ)those之后，本來(lái)應(yīng)該是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但空格后已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)

了動(dòng)詞lack和radiate充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，故推測(cè)空格處極有可能是后置定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)

those且能和oul搭配。破折號(hào)前面提至「霸凌者并不是隨便挑選受害者的“，破折號(hào)

后的句子解釋說(shuō)明了受害者的特點(diǎn)，由此可知，空格處指的是“被挑選出來(lái)的“，修

飾代指"受害者"的those,故選L)singled,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)singleout意為“挑出,選出”。

7、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于形容詞之后，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞produce缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填入名

詞.空格前面出現(xiàn)了difficulties"困難，障礙”和victims“受害者”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)填

入I)outcomcs”后果，結(jié)果"，negativeoutcomes表示“消極的后果

8、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此應(yīng)填入副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整句話(huà)。上文

提到霸凌會(huì)對(duì)受害者造成不良影響，本句以u(píng)nfortunately”不幸的是”開(kāi)頭，由此可

知霸凌行為并沒(méi)有得到社會(huì)各方的充分認(rèn)識(shí)，故填入M)sufflciently”充分地，足夠

地"。B)alarmingly”驚人地，值得警惕地”?般放在消極意義的形容詞前面作程度副

詞，不符合此處語(yǔ)境，故排除。

9、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句子已有主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞部分freeplayhasbeen,空格前面又

出現(xiàn)了介詞，因此應(yīng)填入名詞，和介詞in一起作表語(yǔ)。空格前一個(gè)并列分句提到

“越來(lái)越多的孩子缺乏可以培養(yǎng)社交技能的各類(lèi)體驗(yàn)“，空格后的句子又強(qiáng)調(diào)了讓孩

子自由玩耍的重要性，由此推測(cè)，自由玩耍是越來(lái)越少的，indecline意為“下

降”,故選D)decline”減少，下降”。

10、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，把irs和that去掉后，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)句子已經(jīng)有了

主語(yǔ)children和賓語(yǔ)skills以及修飾賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句由atmakethemwell-likedby

age-males和and連接的并列謂語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)成分，因此空格處只能填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，

且能和后面的動(dòng)詞原形learn一起構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)，故選A）acquire”掌握，獲得

II、[CIO]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于介詞about和名詞結(jié)構(gòu)theirsocialworlds之間，應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞

的-ing形式，備選項(xiàng)中只剩G）navigating和K）restraining。K）restmin式g”控制,阻

止”一般指的是控制情緒或者抑制某種結(jié)果的產(chǎn)生，搭配socialworlds“社交圈”說(shuō)不

通，故排除。G）navigating"駕馭，成功應(yīng)對(duì)”符合此處語(yǔ)境，故為答案。

三、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

UniversalHealthCare,Worldwide,IsWithinReachAiBymanymeasurestheworldhas

neverbeeninbetterhealth.Since2000thenumberofchildrenwhodiebeforetheyare

fivehasfallenbyalmosthalf,to5.6m.Lifeexpectancyhasreached71,againoffive

years.Morechildrenthaneverarevaccinated.Malaria,TBandHTV/AIDSareinretreat.

B）Yetthegapbetweenthisprogressandthestillgreaterpotentialthatmedicineoffers

hasperhapsneverbeenwider.AtleasthalftheworldiswithoutaccesstowhattheWorld

HealthOrganisationdeemsessential,includingantenatal（產(chǎn)前的）care,insecticide-

treatedbednets,screeningforcervicalcancer（子宮頸癌）andvaccinationsagainst

diphtheria（白喉）,tetanus（破傷風(fēng)）andwhoopingcough.Safe,basicsurgeryisoutof

reachfor5bnpeople.C）Thosewhocangettoseeadoctoroftenpayacripplingprice.

Morethan800mpeoplespendover10%oftheirannualhouseholdincomeonmedical

expenses;nearly180mspendover25%.Thequalityofwhattheygetinreturnisoften

woeful.InstudiesofconsultationsinruralIndianclinics,just12-26%ofpatients

receivedacorrectdiagnosis.Thatisaterriblewaste.Asthisweek'sspecialreportshows,

thegoalofuniversalbasichealthcareissensible,affordableandpractical,eveninpoor

countries.Withoutit,thepotentialofmodernmedicinewillbesquandered.D）Universal

basichealthcareissensibleinthewaythat,say,universalbasiceducationissensible—

becauseityieldsbenefitstosocietyaswellastoindividuals.Insomequartersthevery

idealeadstoadangerouselevationofthebloodpressure,becauseitsuggestspaternalism

（家長(zhǎng)式統(tǒng)治）,coercionorworse.Thereisnohidingthatpublichealthinsurance

schemesrequiretherichtosubsidisethepoor,theyoungtosubsidisetheoldandthe

healthytounderwritethesick.Anduniversalschemesmusthaveawayofforcingpeople

topay,throughtaxes,say,orbymandatingthattheybuyinsurance.E）Butthereisa

principled,liberalcaseforuniversalhealthcare.Goodhealthissomethingeveryonecan

reasonablybeassumedtowantinordertorealisetheirfullindividualpotential.Universal

careisawayofprovidingitthatispro-growth.Thecostsofinaccessible,expensiveand

abjecttreatmentareenormous.Thesickstruggletogetaneducationortobeproductive

atwork.Landcannotbedevelopedifitisfullofdisease-carryingparasites.Accordingto

severalstudies,confidenceabouthealthmakespeoplemorelikelytosetuptheirown

businesses.F）Universalbasichealthcareisalsoaffordable.Acountryneednotwaitto

berichbeforeitcanhavecomprehensive,ifrudimentary,treatment.Healthcareisa

labour-intensiveindustry,andcommunityhealthworkers,paidrelativelylittlecompared

withdoctorsandnurses,canmakeabigdifferenceinpoorcountries.Thereisalso

alreadyalotofspendingonhealthinpoorcountries,butitisofteninefficient.InIndia

andNigeria,fbrexample,morethan60%ofhealthspendingisthroughout-of-pocket

payments.Moreservicescouldbeprovidedifthatmoney—andtheriskoffallingill一

werepooled.G)Theevidenceforthefeasibilityofuniversalhealthcaregoesbeyond

theoriesjottedonthebackofprescriptionpads.Itissupportedbyseveralpioneering

examples.ChileandCostaRicaspendaboutaneighthofwhatAmericadoesperperson

onhealthandhavesimilarlifeexpectancies.Thailandspends$220perpersonayearon

health,andyethasoutcomesnearlyasgoodasintheOECD.Itsrateofdeathsrelatedto

pregnancy,forexample,isjustoverhalfthatofAfrican-Americanmothers.Rwandahas

introducedultrabasichealthinsurancefbrmorethan90%ofitspeople;infantmortality

hasfallenfrom120per1.000livebirthsin2000tounder30lastyear.H)Anduniversal

healthcareispractical.Itisawaytopreventfree-ridersfrompassingonihecostsofnot

beingcoveredtoothers,forexamplebycloggingupemergencyroomsorbyspreading

contagiousdiseases.Itdoesnothavetomeanbiggovernment.Privateinsurersand

providerscanstillplayanimportantrole.I)Indeedsuchapracticalapproachisjustwhat

thelow-costrevolutionneeds.Take,fbrinstance,thedesignofhealth-insuranceschemes.

Manycountriesstartbymakingasmallgroupofpeopleeligiblefbralargenumberof

benefits,intheexpectationthatothergroupswillbeaddedlater.(Civilservantsare,

mysteriously,commonbeneficiaries.)Thisisnotonlyunfairandinefficient,butalso

riskscreatingaconstituencyopposedtoextendinginsurancetoothers.Thebetteroption

istocoverasmanypeopleaspossible,eveniftheservicesavailablearesparse,asunder

Mexico'sSeguroPopularscheme.J)Smallamountsofspendingcangoalongway.

ResearchledbyDeanJamison,ahealtheconomist,hasidentifiedover200effective

interventions,includingimmunizationsandneglectedproceduressuchasbasicsurgery.

Intotal,thesewouldcostpoorcountriesaboutanextra$1perweekperpersonandcut

thenumberofprematuredeathstherebymorethanaquarter.Aroundhalfthatfunding

wouldgotoprimaryhealthcentres,notcityhospitals,whichtodayreceivemorethan

theirfairshareofthemoney.K)Consider,too,the$37bnspenteachyearonhealthaid.

Since2000,thishashelpedsavemillionsfrominfectiousdiseases.Butinternational

healthorganizationscandistortdomesticinstitutions,forexamplebysettingupparallel

programmesorbydivertinghealthworkersintopetprefects.Abetterapproach,seenin

Rwanda,iswhenprogrammestargetingaparticulardiseasebringbroaderbenefits.One

exampleisthewaythattheGlobalFundtofightAIDS.TuberculosisandMalaria

financescommunityhealthworkerswhotreatpatientswithHIVbutalsothosewithother

diseases.L)EuropeanshavelongwonderedwhytheUnitedStatesshunstheefficiencies

andhealthgainsfromuniversalcare,butitspotentialindevelopingcountriesisless

understood.Solongashalftheworldgoeswithoutessentialtreatment,thefruitsof

centuriesofmedicalsciencewillbewasted.Universalbasichealthcarecanhelprealise

itspromise.

12^Itisextremelywastefulthatpeoplecouldn'tgetsatisfyingtreatmentafterspendinga

fortune.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

13、Apartfromthegovernment,privateinsurancecompaniesandproviderscanalso

comeintoplayinuniversalhealthcare.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

14、MostofIndianandNigerianhealthexpenditureispaidbythepatients.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、TheeffectivemeasuresfoundbytheresearchledbyDeanJamisonwouldleadtoa

bigdropinthenumberofearlydeathsinpoorcountriesatlittlecost.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

16、Thedeathtollofchildrenunderfive,theexpectedlifespan,thenumberofchildren

vaccinatedandthecontrolofinfectiousdiseasesindicateunprecedentedgoodhealth

worldwide.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

17、Betterdesignofhealth-insuranceschemesarcthoselikeMexico'sScguroPopular

schemecoveringmorepeoplebutwithlimitedservices.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

18、Noteveryoneagreeswithuniversalbasichealthcareeventhoughitisawiseand

beneficialmeasure.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

19、ThehealthspendingandlifeexpectancyarecomparedbetweenChileandAmerica

toprovethatuniversalhealthcareisfeasible.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

20、ThegoodexperiencefromthehealthaidprogrammeinRwandaisthattomake

programmesfocusononeparticulardiseasecanproducemorebenefits.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

21、Medicinehasfarfromreacheditsgreaterpotentialdespitetheimprovementin

health.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

四、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)

Inmuchoftherichworld65stillmarksthebeginningofoldage.Jobsend,subsidized

bustravelbeginsandpeoplestarttobeseenasafinancialburdenratherthananassetto

thestate.Thelargerthe"65"plus"groupbecomes,comparedwiththepopulationof

workingage,themorepolicymakersworryaboutthecostsoftheirhealthcareand

pensions.Bytheendofthecenturythe"old-agedependencyratio",whichtracksthis

relationship,willtriple.Pessimistspredicta"silvertsunami"thatwillbankruptusall.

Butdoesitstillmakesensetocall65-year-olds"old"?TheOxfordEnglishdictionary

defines"old"as"havinglivedforalongtime”.Ilillustiatesthesensewithan

accompanyingphrase,"theoldmanlayproppeduponcushions":theoldpersonasone

whohasmadealltheusefulcontributionshecanpossiblymaketosocietyandisnov/at

rest.WhenpensionswerefirstintroducedinPrussia,inthe1880s,thiswasprobablya

faircharacterisationforanyoneover65.Notmanypeoplelivedbeyondthisage;those

whodidwererarelyingoodhealth.Buttodaymany65-ycar-oldsarchealthyandactive.

DonaldTrump(71)maybemanythings,butoldheisnot,norforthatmatterisVladimir

Putin(64),whoqualifiesforhisbuspassinOctober.Yetgovernmentsandemployers

stilltreat65asacliffsedgebeyondwhichpeoplecanberegardedas"old":inactive,and

aneconomicburden.Thisiswrong,forthreereasons.First,what"old"meansisrelative.

Todaytheaverage65-year-oldGermancanexpecttoliveanother20years.Socanmost

peopleinotherrichcountries,meaningoldagenowarguablykicksinlaterthanbefore.

Second,thetermcarriesanunderlyingimplicationabouthealth,oratleastfitness.But

hcalthy-lifcexpectancyhasgrownroughlyintandemwithlifeexpectancy;formany,70

reallyisthenew60.Third,surveysshowthatthemajorityofyoungerover-65-year-olds

increasinglywanttostayactivelyinvolvedintheircommunitiesandeconomies.Few

wanttoretireintheliteralsenseoftheword,whichimplieswithdrawingfromsocietyas

awhole.Manywanttocontinueworkingbutondifferenttermsthanbefore,askingfor

moreflexibilityandfewerhours.

22、Itcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、the"65"plus"groupcanenjoysomespecialwelfare

B、the"65"plus"groupistheprecioustreasureofacountry

C、pessimistsaremorelikelytogobankrupt

D、theauthortendstoagreewiththeviewofpessimists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第一段提到，在大多數(shù)富裕國(guó)家，65歲仍標(biāo)志著老年

階段的開(kāi)始。人們結(jié)束工作，開(kāi)始領(lǐng)公共汽車(chē)乘車(chē)補(bǔ)貼出行。由此判斷，65歲以

上的人可以享受一些特殊福利，故答案為A)。B)“65歲以上的人是國(guó)家的寶貴財(cái)

富”，第一段第二句提到，他們開(kāi)始被看作是財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)，而不是國(guó)家的財(cái)富，故排

除：C)“悲觀(guān)主義者更有可能破產(chǎn)”，第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到，悲觀(guān)主義者預(yù)測(cè)，

場(chǎng)“銀發(fā)海嘯”將會(huì)使我們所有人破產(chǎn)，并未提到悲觀(guān)主義者自身是否容易破產(chǎn)的問(wèn)

題，故排除；D)“作者傾向于贊同悲觀(guān)主義者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)”，第一段末句用bul轉(zhuǎn)折提問(wèn)

-依然把65歲的人稱(chēng)作“老人”是否真的合理呢?顯然作者并不贊同悲觀(guān)主義者的

觀(guān)點(diǎn)，故排除。

23、TheauthorcitestheexamplesofDonaldTrumpandVladimirPutininordertoshow

that.

A^many65-year-oldsarereallytoooldtowork

B、peopleover65arequalifiedtogetthebussubsidy

C、many65-year-oldsarestillcompetentintheirwork

D、peopleover65arcmoresuitablefornationalleadership

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句提到，唐納德-特朗普(71歲)可能有很多問(wèn)題，

但他并不老；弗拉基米爾-普京(64歲)也談不上老，盡管他在10月份就有資格獲得

公共汽車(chē)通行證了。再結(jié)合前一句提到的“許多65歲的人依然健康而活躍”可知，

作者通過(guò)例證意在說(shuō)明很多65歲的人并不老，他們?nèi)匀挥心芰偃胃黜?xiàng)工作，故

答案為C)。A)”很多65歲的人真的太老而無(wú)法工作了”與文中表達(dá)的意思相反，故

排除；B)“66歲以上的人有資格獲得公共汽車(chē)補(bǔ)貼”并不是作者舉例的目的，故排

除：D)“66歲以上的人更適合當(dāng)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人”，文中并未提及這一點(diǎn)，也不是作者

舉例的目的所在，故排除。

24、Howdoemployersthinkof65-year-olds?

A、Theymayhavemobilitydifficultiesintheirdailylife.

B>Theymaybeunabletoexpresstheirownideasverywell.

C、Theymaydragdowntheenterprises.

D、Theymaybeveryexperiencedintheirwork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。定位句提到，政府和雇主仍然將65歲視作懸崖邊緣，

超過(guò)這個(gè)界線(xiàn)的人就被視為“老”：無(wú)所作為，成為經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。由此判斷，雇主們認(rèn)

為65歲以上的員工可能會(huì)拖企業(yè)后腿，故答案為C)。A)“他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪锌赡?/p>

會(huì)行動(dòng)不便''曲解了inactive的含義，故排除；B)“他們可能不能很好地表達(dá)自己的

觀(guān)點(diǎn)”和D)“他們可能在工作中很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”文中均未提及，故排除。

25、Accordingtothepassage,"formany,70reallyisthenew60"mostprobably

means.

A、manyoldpeopletodaycansurvivetenyearslongerthanbefore

B、manyoldpeopletodayareinabetterhealthconditionthanbefore

C、manyoldpeopletodayhaveabetterstateofmindthanbefore

D、manyoldpeopletodayaremoredynamicthanbefore

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。定位句提到，但健康預(yù)期壽命大致上是與預(yù)期壽命同步

增長(zhǎng)的；對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，70歲才是新的60歲。再結(jié)合該段第四句中提到的“現(xiàn)

在的老年比以前來(lái)得更晚了”可知，作者意在強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)如今老年人的健康狀況比以

前的老年人要好，他們的健康預(yù)期壽命延長(zhǎng)了，故答案為B)。A)“現(xiàn)如今的許多老

年人比以前的老年人能多活十年''并不是該句所耍表達(dá)的意思，文中也沒(méi)有明確指

出現(xiàn)在的老年人比以前的老年人多活多少年，故排除；0“現(xiàn)如今的許多老年人比

以前的老年人心態(tài)好”和D廣現(xiàn)如今的許多老年人比以前的老年人更有活力”文中均

未提及，故排除。

26、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheworkingattitudeofmostovcr-65-ycar-

olds?

A、Theywanttoretirewhentheyhittheretirementage.

B、Theystillwanttoworkashardasbefore.

C、Theystillwanttoworkhardliketheyoung.

D、Theystillwanttoworkbutwithlowerworkintensity.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句提到，調(diào)查顯示，大多數(shù)65歲以上稍年輕些的

人群越來(lái)越希望積極參與社區(qū)和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。很少有人想按字面意義退休，那意味著

退出整個(gè)社會(huì)。很多人還想要繼續(xù)工作，但與以前不同的是，他們要求更多的靈活

性和更少的工作時(shí)間。由此判斷，大多數(shù)65歲以上的老年人仍然想從事一些勞動(dòng)

強(qiáng)度較低的工作，故答案為D)。A)“他們一到退休年齡就想退休”、B)“他們?nèi)匀幌?/p>

像以前一樣努力工作”和C)“他們?nèi)匀幌胂衲贻p人一樣努力工作”均與原文內(nèi)容不

符，故排除。

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)warnsthatthelonelinessepidemicnow

representsathreattopublichealththatexceedsthatofobesity.Beforegettingintothe

specifics,weneedtohaveaclearunderstandingofwhatlonelinessis,andwhatitisn't;

Lonelinessisdefinedsubjectively,notobjectively.Inotherwords,whatmattersisnot

howmanyfriendsyouhaveorhowmanypeopleyouhavearoundyouonadailybasis.

Rather,whatmattersiswhetheryoufeelemotionallyorsociallydisconnectedfrom

others.Indeed,manypeoplewhoarcmarriedandlivewithfamilymembersreport

feelingsignificantloneliness,becausetheyfeelemotionallydisconnectedfromtheir

partnersandlovedones.Themosttragicandcompellingaspectoftheloneliness

epidemicishowpreventableitis.Theproblemisafundamentallackofawareness,both

forlonelypeopleandforthosearoundthem.Itisn'teasytoapproachafriendorloved

oneandexpressconcernsabouttheirsmokinghabitsortheirobesity,yetmanyofusdo

soregardless.Buthowmanyofushaveapproachedafriendorlovedonetodiscussour

concernsabouttheirloneliness?Publicdialoguesaboutthedangersofsmokingandof

obesityhavegoneonfordecades.Peoplewhosmokeandthosewhostrugglewith

obesityareawarethattheirhealthandlongevityareatrisk.Butlonelypeoplearelargely

unawareoftheriskstheyface,asaretheirfriendsandlovedones.Considerthatwhena

lovedonesmokes,thereisnothingwecandotohelpthemotherthanurgethemto

changetheirhabitsandlifestyle.Butwhenitcomestoloneliness,wecanactuallybethe

solution;Wecanreachout,call,visit,andincludetheminactivitiesandget-togethers.

Wecaninitiatedeeper,moremeaningfulconversationsandmakethemfeelseenand

loved.Sululiunsshoulduuiuufiomwithinouriiuighborhuudsanduuiiimuiiiliusaswell.

Localmunicipalitiesandneighborhoodassociationscouldorganizeactivitiesforretired

persons.Schoolscanurgestudentstovisitwithhomeboundpeopleorthosewithlimited

mobility.Theoptionsforinterventionsarenumerous.

27、Itcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A、thosewhooftenhangoutwithfriendsarelesslikelytofeellonely

B>thosewholivewithfamilymembersarelesslikelytofeellonely

C>thosewhoaremarriedaremorelikelytofeellonelythanunmarriedones

D^thosewholackcommunicationwithpartnersaremorelikelytofeellonely

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段第一句首先指出孤獨(dú)是從主觀(guān)上界定的，而不是

客觀(guān)上。接著，第二句和第三句解釋道，一個(gè)人孤獨(dú)與否重要的不是看你有多少朋

友或者每天身邊有多少人圍繞著你，而是要看你是否在情感上或社交上與他人脫

節(jié)。由此判斷，那些與伴侶缺乏交流的人更容易感到孤獨(dú)，故答案為D)。A)“那些

經(jīng)常和朋友出去玩的人不太可能感到孤獨(dú)”與第二句所表述的意思不符，故排除；

B)“那些和家人一起生活的人不太可能感到孤獨(dú)”，第二段第四句提到，許多已婚并

與家庭成員生活在一起的人稱(chēng)自己感到非常孤獨(dú)，因?yàn)樗麄兏械阶约号c伴侶和所愛(ài)

之人在情感上是脫節(jié)的，故排除；C)“那些已婚人士比未婚人士更有可能感到見(jiàn)

獨(dú)”，第二段第四句提到了已婚人士也會(huì)感到非常孤獨(dú)，但并未與未婚人士進(jìn)行比

較，故排除。

28、Peopleseldomdiscussthetopicaboutlonelinesswiththeirfriendsbecause.

A、it'stooembarrassedtotalkaboutitamongfriends

B、mostpeoplehaven'trealizedtheriskofloneliness

C、thistopicisoneofthegreattaboosamongfriends

D、it'snoteasytoapproachafriendtodiscusstheproblem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句是一個(gè)問(wèn)句：我們當(dāng)中又有多少人曾接近你的朋

友或所愛(ài)之人來(lái)談?wù)撐覀儗?duì)他們孤獨(dú)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)呢?實(shí)際上，作者在本段第二句就指明

了原因，問(wèn)題在于孤獨(dú)者以及他們身邊的人都對(duì)孤獨(dú)缺乏根本的認(rèn)識(shí)，故B)“大多

數(shù)人尚未意識(shí)到孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”為答案。A)“在朋友之間談?wù)撨@件事太尷尬了”和

C)”這個(gè)話(huà)題是朋友之間最大的禁忌之一”在原文中均未提到，故排除；D)“和朋友

討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不容易”，木段第三句提到，要接近朋友或所愛(ài)之人并表達(dá)對(duì)他們

吸煙習(xí)慣或肥胖的擔(dān)憂(yōu)并不容易，但并不能以此來(lái)判斷人們很少談?wù)摴陋?dú)是因?yàn)檫@

一點(diǎn)，故排除該項(xiàng)。

29、Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheriskofloneliness?

A、Obesepeoplearemorealerttotheriskofloneliness.

B、Mostlonelypeoplehaverealizedtheriskofloneliness.

C>Peoplewhosmokecaneasilyrecognizetheriskofloneliness.

D、Thefriendsaroundlonelypeopleoftenoverlooktheriskofloneliness.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由定位句可知，孤獨(dú)的人在很大程度上并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他

們所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，他們身邊的朋友和所愛(ài)之人也忽視了這一點(diǎn)，故D廣孤獨(dú)者身邊

的朋友常常忽視了孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)''為答案。A)“肥胖的人對(duì)孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更警覺(jué)”和

C)”吸煙的人容易意識(shí)到孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，本段第二句提到，吸煙的人和那些與肥胖作

斗爭(zhēng)的人都意識(shí)到他們的健康和壽命正處于危險(xiǎn)之中，但并未說(shuō)他們意識(shí)到了孤獨(dú)

的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故排除；B)“大多數(shù)孤獨(dú)的人都意識(shí)到了孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”與定位句所表達(dá)的意

思相反，故排除。

30、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismentionedtorelieveloneliness?

A、Wecanurgeourlonelyfriendstochangetheirbadhabits.

Wecanhaveheart-to-hearttalkswithourlonelyfriends.

C、Localmunicipalitiescanprovidefundstohelpthoselonelyelderlypeople.

D、Schoolscanorganizestudentsfeelinglonelytotakeoutdooractivities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段最后兩句提到，我們可以聯(lián)系他們，給他們打電

話(huà)，拜訪(fǎng)他們，拉他們參加一些活動(dòng)和聚會(huì)。我們可以發(fā)起更深人、更有意義的對(duì)

話(huà)，讓他們感受到被關(guān)注和被愛(ài)。由此可知，B)“我們可以和感到孤獨(dú)的朋友進(jìn)行

推心置腹的談話(huà)''為答案。A)“我們可以敦促感到孤獨(dú)的朋友改變他們的壞習(xí)慣”，

本段第一句提到，當(dāng)我們所愛(ài)之人吸煙時(shí)，除了敦促他們改變生活習(xí)慣和生活方式

外，我們無(wú)能為力，文中并未提到敦促朋友改變壞習(xí)慣能幫助他們緩解孤獨(dú)，故排

除；C)”地方政府可.以為那些孤獨(dú)的老人提供資金幫助”，第六段第二句提到，地方

政府和社區(qū)協(xié)會(huì)可以為退休人員組織活動(dòng)，并未提及資金幫助，故排除；D)“學(xué)校

可以組織那些感到孤獨(dú)的學(xué)生參加戶(hù)外活動(dòng)”，第六段第三句提到，學(xué)校可以鼓勵(lì)

學(xué)生拜訪(fǎng)那些閑居在家或行動(dòng)受限的人，選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容表述不符，故排除。

31、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Thepossiblecauseoflonelinesshastobestudiedfurther.

BNThedefinitionoflonelinessneedstobediscussedfurther.

C、Thethreatoflonelinesstopublichealthshouldbetakenseriously.

D、Thedangersofsmokingandobesitydeservegreatpublicattention.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段指出，現(xiàn)在孤獨(dú)流行病對(duì)公眾健康構(gòu)成的威

脅超過(guò)了肥胖,第二段探討了孤獨(dú)是什么,指出什么樣的人會(huì)感到孤獨(dú).第二、四

段指出人們普遍忽視了孤獨(dú)的危害，第五、六段談到了一些緩解孤獨(dú)的辦法。綜合

來(lái)看，整篇文章都是圍繞“人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待孤獨(dú)對(duì)公眾健康的威脅”這一話(huà)題展開(kāi)

的，故答案為C)。A)”導(dǎo)致孤獨(dú)的原因還有待進(jìn)一步研究”和B)“孤獨(dú)的定義需要進(jìn)

一步討論”，文中的確有提到如何定義孤獨(dú)以及人們感到孤獨(dú)的原因，但并不是文

章的主要內(nèi)容，故排除；D)“吸煙和肥胖的危害非常值得公眾關(guān)注”，文中提到吸煙

和肥胖的危害是為了與孤獨(dú)的危害進(jìn)行對(duì)比，并不是文章主題，故排除。

五、翻譯-漢譯英(本題共1題，每題1.0分，共/分。)

32、敦煌是以莫高窟(theMoaa。caves)而著名的旅游勝地。敦煌在中國(guó)漢唐時(shí)期是

絲綢之路的重鎮(zhèn)。隨著吆綢之路沿線(xiàn)貿(mào)易的蓬勃發(fā)展，敦煌迅速發(fā)展為中國(guó)歷史上

國(guó)際貿(mào)易最開(kāi)放的地區(qū)。莫高窟是中國(guó)最著名的佛教石窟，與龍門(mén)石窟、云岡石窟

一起，是中國(guó)三大著名的古代佛教雕塑遺址。從絲綢之路的起點(diǎn)西安到以莫高窟而

著名的敦煌，可謂是一段感受中國(guó)古老歷史的旅程。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：DunhuangisatouristresortrenownedfortheMogaoCaves,anditwasan

importantcityontheSilkRoadduringtheHanandTangDynasties.Withthevigorous

developmentofcommercealongtheSilkRoad,Dunhuanghasrapidlydevelopedintothe

mostopenareaofinternationaltradeinChinesehistory.TheMogaoCavesarethemost

famousBuddhistgrottoesinChina,andalongwithLongmenGrottoesandYungang

Grottoes,theyarethethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina.From

Xi'an,thebeginningoftheSilkRoadtoDunhuang,famousfbrtheMogaoCaves,this

canbedescribedasatriptoexperiencetheancienthistoryofChina.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：1.翻譯第一句時(shí)，“以...而著名”可癢為renownedfor或famousfor

作后置定語(yǔ)；"旅游勝地”可譯為atouristresort或atouristattractiono2.翻譯第二

句時(shí)，“漢唐時(shí)期”要注意專(zhuān)有名詞首字母大寫(xiě)；“重鎮(zhèn)”意為“重要的城市”，即an

importantcityo本句比較簡(jiǎn)潔，可同譯文一樣與第一句合譯。3.翻譯第三句時(shí)，

“隨著……”既可譯為由with引出的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，也可以意譯為由dueto或becauseof

等引出的原因狀語(yǔ)，表示“由于……“蓬勃發(fā)展”可譯為thevigorous

developmento4.第四句比較長(zhǎng)，可譯為兩個(gè)并列句。在翻譯第二個(gè)分句時(shí)，

“與……一起”可譯為alongwilh結(jié)構(gòu)。此外，需要注意佛教及三大石窟的翻譯及拼

寫(xiě)時(shí)首字母要大寫(xiě)。5.翻譯最后一句時(shí)，“從……到……”可譯為“from…◎.二

"起點(diǎn)”可譯為動(dòng)詞start或名詞beginningsstarlingpoint等。

六、短篇新聞(本題共7題，每題1.0分，共7分。)

33、

ToholdsomecelebrationsonWorldFoodDay.

B、Totakeactionandcopewithworldhunger.

C、Tolaunchfund-raisingeventsforpoorcountries.

D、Toadvertiseaworldwithouthungeronline.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目詢(xún)問(wèn)WFP“世界糧食計(jì)劃署”和FAO“糧農(nóng)組織”的宗旨是什么。

新聞開(kāi)篇便說(shuō)“這些組織以對(duì)抗世界饑餓為宗旨”(fightworldhunger),B“采取行動(dòng)

以應(yīng)對(duì)饑餓”意思與此一致，故B為正確選項(xiàng)。

34、

A^Appealedtotheglobalcommunitytofighthunger.

B、Workedwiththepresstolaunchasocialprotectionprogram.

C、EncouragedpeopletopostZeroHungeronsocialmedia.

D^HeldcelebratingeventsinmajorcitiesoftheU.S.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目詢(xún)問(wèn)WFP對(duì)世界糧食日的慶?；顒?dòng)。新聞末尾提到WFP的兩

項(xiàng)舉措，一是邀請(qǐng)每個(gè)人在社交網(wǎng)上發(fā)ZeroHunger的信息，二是在美國(guó)的三個(gè)城

市籌款，選項(xiàng)中，C