福建省三明市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省三明市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdidthewomanhaveforbreakfasttoday?A.Somesoup.B.Asandwich.C.Somenoodles.2.Whattimeisit?A.3:00p.m.B.4:00p.m.C.5:00p.m.3.Whichplacewillthespeakersgotofirst?A.Acinema.B.Agrocerystore.C.Abank.4.Whatisthemanreadingnow?A.Abook.B.Anewspaper.C.Amagazine.5.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotogethertomorrow?A.Doexercise.B.Attendameeting.C.Haveaspecialdinner.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomangetforbirthdaylastyear?A.Abicycle.B.Abaseball.C.Concerttickets.7.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Dissatisfied.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Co-workers.C.Husbandandwife.9.WhatisTerryconcernedabout?A.Howmuchtheclasscosts.B.Wheretotaketheclass.C.Whentheclassbegins.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Universityschoolwork.B.Environmentalissues.C.Holidayplans.11.WhatisSharonconcernedaboutthemost?A.Oceanpollution.B.Globalwarming.C.Disappearingrainforests.12.Whywon’tthemantravelbyplane?A.Hecan’taffordit.B.Thedestinationisn’tfar.C.Planesproducepollution.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatwasthewoman’sfirstposition?A.Thefrontdesk.B.Roomcleaner.C.Assistantmanager.14.Howlonghasthewomanworkedintheindustryintotal?A.For2years.B.For3years.C.For5years.15.Whohasleftagreatimpactonthewoman?A.Theman.B.Herpreviousboss.C.Herco-workers.16.What’sthemostchallengingaccordingtothewoman?A.Maintainingprofessionalperformance.B.Communicatingwithstaffmembers.C.Keepingguestssatisfied.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anartist.B.Atourguide.C.Anartmuseumdirector.18.Whatdoesthespeakerinvitethevisitorstodo?A.Leavetheirsuggestionsofthetour.B.Tryfoodofferedinthemuseum.C.Takepicturesofthepaintings.19.Howsoonwillthevisitorsprobablyleavetheplace?A.Injust15minutes.B.Inabout60minutes.C.Inaround75minutes.20.Whatisthespeaker’sfavoritepainting?A.LastSupper.B.MonaLisa.C.Scream.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIsyourchildinterestedinacampwithGirlScout(童子軍)activities?Attendingasummercampwiththisfocusisaperfectwayforthemtoexplorewhilegivingthemexperienceandconfidence.Browseourselectionandfindtheperfectfitforyourchild.CodeNinjasCamps(CNC)Transformyourchild’slovefortechnologyintoanexcitinglearningadventure.GuidedbyourteamofCodeSenseis,CodeNinjasCampsempowerkidstogainvaluabletechskillsandmakenewfriends.It’sanunforgettablyfunlearningexperience!Ourcampsinvent,inspireandcreatetobringouttheinventorandcreatorinyourchildthisSummerandSpringBreak.FightingIlliniSportsCamps(FISC)TheUniversityofIllinoishascommitteditselftothedevelopmentofwell-roundedsummercampprogramsforboysandgirls.Campsareofferedforboysandgirlsincheerleading,crosscountry,golfandswimming.Alsoofferedarecampsforboysinbaseball,football,gymnasticsandwrestling,aswellascampsforgirlsinbasketball,gymnastics,soccer,softballandvolleyball.TeamcampsareavailableinCheerleading,Basketball,FootballandVolleyball.GirlScoutsofCentralIndiana(GSCI)Camperswillenjoythegreatoutdoors,improvetheirmentalhealth,makenewfriendsandlearnmoreaboutthemselves!GirlScoutsofCentralIndianahasfiveuniquecamps,eachsituatedonbeautifulsprawlingacres,andeachwiththeirownspecialtouch.Activitiesvarybycampprogram/event/location,andmayinclude:hiking,swimming,jumpingonthegianttrampoline,horseorpedalcarriding.It’sdefinitelymorefunthanyou’deverexpectforsuchagreatprice!1.WhoisCNCintendedfor?A.Girlsinterestedinscience. B.Kidsfondofsports.C.Teenagersaddictedtogames. D.Childrenkeenonadventures.2.WhatisspecialaboutFISC?A.Activitiesareorganizedoutdoors. B.Activitiesareavailabletoboys.C.Programmingcoursesareprovided. D.Campersneedtobecreative.3.WhatactivityisprovidedbybothFISCandGSCI?A.Soccer. B.Hiking. C.Swimming. D.Wrestling.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)適合孩子的女童子軍夏令營(yíng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)CodeNinjasCamps(CNC)部分的句子“Transformyourchild’slovefortechnologyintoanexcitinglearningadventure.GuidedbyourteamofCodeSenseis,CodeNinjasCampsempowerkidstogainvaluabletechskillsandmakenewfriends.(把孩子對(duì)科技的熱愛(ài)轉(zhuǎn)化為令人興奮的學(xué)習(xí)冒險(xiǎn)。在我們的代碼感知團(tuán)隊(duì)的指導(dǎo)下，CodeNinjasCamps使孩子們能夠獲得寶貴的技術(shù)技能并結(jié)交新朋友)”可知，CNC是為對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣的女孩設(shè)計(jì)的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FightingIlliniSportsCamps(FISC)部分的句子“TheUniversityofIllinoishascommitteditselftothedevelopmentofwell-roundedsummercampprogramsforboysandgirls.Campsareofferedforboysandgirlsincheerleading,crosscountry,golfandswimming.Alsoofferedarecampsforboysinbaseball,football,gymnasticsandwrestling,aswellascampsforgirlsinbasketball,gymnastics,soccer,softballandvolleyball.(伊利諾伊大學(xué)致力于為男孩和女孩開發(fā)全面的夏令營(yíng)項(xiàng)目。夏令營(yíng)為男孩和女孩提供啦啦隊(duì)，越野，高爾夫球和游泳。還提供棒球、足球、體操和摔跤的男孩營(yíng)地，以及籃球、體操、足球、壘球和排球的女孩營(yíng)地)”可知，F(xiàn)ISC的特別之處在于它提供男孩可以參加活動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FightingIlliniSportsCamps(FISC)部分的句子“Campsareofferedforboysandgirlsincheerleading,crosscountry,golfandswimming.(夏令營(yíng)為男孩和女孩提供啦啦隊(duì)，越野，高爾夫球和游泳)”和GirlScoutsofCentralIndiana(GSCI)部分的句子“Activitiesvarybycampprogram/event/location,andmayinclude:hiking,swimming,jumpingonthegianttrampoline,horseorpedalcarriding.(活動(dòng)因營(yíng)地項(xiàng)目/項(xiàng)目/地點(diǎn)而異，可能包括：徒步旅行，游泳，跳巨型蹦床，騎馬或騎腳踏車)”可知，F(xiàn)ISC和GSCI都提供的活動(dòng)是游泳。故選C項(xiàng)。BMylong-distancecyclingcareerof13yearsand35,000kilometresendedasIapproached75in2019.TherealisationofthisdawnedonmeslowlyduringmylastrideintheUSsummerofthatsameyear.AlthoughIamnownolongerstrongenoughtoendurethelongdaysandbigclimbs,dayinanddayout,Ihavemymemories.Longdistancecyclingbringspain,anxietyandexhaustion,butthesepaleintoinsignificancecomparedtothejoyandsatisfactionofclimbinghugemountainsorseeingspectacularsightsforthefirsttime.RealjoywouldcomewhenIwasalone,onmybicycle,insomeremoteandbeautifulplace.Youcouldsaythatthesesamefeelingscouldhavebeenexperiencedinacar,butIknowthisnottobetrue.Ihadtimetoobservenatureandlife,allofwhichwouldhavebeenbypassedinacar.IenjoyedmeetingandbeatingthedailyscheduleIhadsetformyself.Ienjoyedtheever-changingvegetation,thepeople,kind,unkindandindifferent,whomImetalongtheway.Nomatterhowhardoreasytheridewas,Ialwaysenjoyedtheachievementofarriving,followedbyahotshowerandbed,whenIcouldfindamotel.Ontheothernights,Iwashappytocamp.Meetingadiversityofpeoplewithdifferentperspectivesonlifewaseasy.ThecyclingdevicesallowedmetostrikeupconversationsinpubsandcafesandIgottoseeandexperiencetheverybestinpeople.Theroadaheadalwaysloomedlarge,asdidthemountains,thecold,themosquitoesandtherain.Theroadbehindisjustmemories,lackofpainandanxiety,somesoontobeforgotten,otherstobevaluedandboostedwiththeretelling.CyclingtaughtmetolikewhoIam.Iamfinallyhappywithandacceptingofmyintroverted(內(nèi)向的)personality.IhavemorepersistenceandcouragethanIeverimagined.Thesetripsallrequiredcourage,couragewhichIneverknewIpossessed.4.Whatmadetheauthorendhiscyclingcareer?A.Financialproblems.B.Lackofinterestincycling.C.Desiretopursueotherhobbies.D.Physicalinabilitytobearlongrides.5.Whatwastherealpleasurefortheauthor?A.Meetingdifferentpeople. B.Beatingthedailyschedule.C.Experiencingnatureupclose. D.Climbinghugemountains.6.Whatspecialinsightdidtheauthorgainthroughcycling?A.Naturedeservesexploring.B.Onecouldfindarealself.C.Introvertedpeoplecouldbesociable.D.Communicationwithstrangershelpsalot.7.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine. B.Abrochure. C.Anovel. D.Amanual.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了騎自行車給作者帶來(lái)的改變和感悟。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“AlthoughIamnownolongerstrongenoughtoendurethelongdaysandbigclimbs,dayinanddayout,Ihavemymemories.（雖然我現(xiàn)在不再?gòu)?qiáng)壯到足以忍受漫長(zhǎng)的日子和大的攀爬，但是日復(fù)一日，我有我的記憶。）”可推斷，作者身體上不能忍受長(zhǎng)途旅行。故選D。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Longdistancecyclingbringspain,anxietyandexhaustion,butthesepaleintoinsignificancecomparedtothejoyandsatisfactionofclimbinghugemountainsorseeingspectacularsightsforthefirsttime.RealjoywouldcomewhenIwasalone,onmybicycle,insomeremoteandbeautifulplace.（長(zhǎng)途騎行帶來(lái)了痛苦、焦慮和疲憊，但與第一次攀登高山或第一次看到壯觀景色的喜悅和滿足相比，這些都顯得微不足道。當(dāng)我獨(dú)自一人，騎著自行車，在某個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)而美麗的地方，真正的快樂(lè)就會(huì)到來(lái)。）”和“Ihadtimetoobservenatureandlife,allofwhichwouldhavebeenbypassedinacar.（我有時(shí)間去觀察自然和生活，這一切在汽車?yán)锒际遣豢赡艿?。）”可推斷，帶給作者真正快樂(lè)的是長(zhǎng)途旅行后到達(dá)美麗的地方，近距離的體驗(yàn)大自然。故選C。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“CyclingtaughtmetolikewhoIam.Iamfinallyhappywithandacceptingofmyintroverted（內(nèi)向的）personality.（騎自行車教會(huì)了我喜歡自己。我終于滿意并接受了我內(nèi)向的性格。）”可推斷，騎自行車教會(huì)了作者一個(gè)人可以找到真正的自我。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了騎自行車給作者帶來(lái)的改變和感悟，由此推知，文章應(yīng)來(lái)源于雜志。故選A。CAtMarineMammalLaboratory,laboratorydirectorHermanputadolphinthroughitspaces.Usinghandsignals,Hermanasked,“Istheballinthepool?”Thedolphincorrectlypressedaleverfor“YES”.Hermanaskedittopushtheballtoabasket.Itdid.Thenhesignaledhispupiltodoitagain,butheremovedthebasket.Hermanexpectedthedolphintobeconfused.Instead,itcarriedtheballtotheNOleverandstoppedthere.Hermanwasastonished.“Thisisatotallyuntrained,inventedresponse,”hesaid,“Weneverdreamedtheanimalwould‘think’theproblemthroughlikethat.”Togetacloserlookattheseamazingcreatures,HermanandhisteamspentaweekonboardtheJenniferMarie.Whenevertheyheardthecry“Dolphins!”theyslippedintothewater.Thedolphinsapproached,curiousaboutthem,observingthemwithdark,liquideyes.Dolphinslovetoimitate.Iftheyswamontheirbacks,Dolphinsdidtoo.Iftheydived,Dolphinsfollowed.Thistalentcanbecarriedtoextraordinarylengths.Inoneinstance,atrainerblewapuffofcigarettesmokeagainstthewindowofanobservationtank.Ayoungdolphinrushedtoitsmother,nursedbriefly,andspatoutacloudofmilkagainsttheglass.Hermansaid“We’restillintheearlystagesoflearningabouttheintelligenceoftheseanimalsandourabilitytocommunicatewiththem.”Scientistsareamazedatdolphins’intelligence,butfearforthefutureofthesetrustingoceancreatures.Dolphins’troublecouldbesharks,killerwhalesor,worseyet,afishingvessel.Indeed,inthepastthreedecades,commercialfishing,especiallythebiggestthreat—thedriftnetfishing,hasgreatlydecreasedtheworld’sdolphinpopulation.EverynightintheNorthPacific,hundredsofAsianfishingvesselsputoutthese“curtainsofdeath,”eachupto50mileslong.Floatingwiththecurrents,theysweepupallsealifeintheirpath.Peoplewonderwhattheworldwouldbewithoutdolphins.8.WhydidthedolphinstopattheNOlever?A.Itwasconfused. B.Itwasunabletodothetask.C.Itrefusedtolistentotheorder. D.Itfoundthebasketwasn’tthere.9.Whydidthedolphinspitoutacloudofmilkagainsttheglass?A.Tocopyhumanbehavior. B.Tothreatenitsplaymate.C.Toshowoffitstalent. D.Todrivethetraineraway.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Furtherresearchondolphinsisessential.B.IntelligentDolphinscouldtackletheirtroubles.C.Somemeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectdolphins.D.Driftnetsarethebiggesttroubleformarineanimals.11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Dolphins:clever,naughty B.Dolphins:intelligent,threatenedC.Dolphins:humans’bestfriends D.Dolphins:smartestmarineanimals【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要列舉了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)和一些事例說(shuō)明海豚是十分聰明的動(dòng)物，但是海豚如今面臨商業(yè)捕魚的威脅，數(shù)量大大減少?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thenhesignaledhispupiltodoitagain,butheremovedthebasket.Hermanexpectedthedolphintobeconfused.Instead,itcarriedtheballtotheNOleverandstoppedthere.(然后他示意他的學(xué)生再做一次，但他拿走了籃子。赫爾曼預(yù)計(jì)海豚會(huì)感到困惑。相反，它把球帶到NO桿并停在那里)”可知，海豚停在NO控制桿因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)籃子不在那里。故選D。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inoneinstance,atrainerblewapuffofcigarettesmokeagainstthewindowofanobservationtank.Ayoungdolphinrushedtoitsmother,nursedbriefly,andspatoutacloudofmilkagainsttheglass.(有一次，一名教練對(duì)著觀察艙的窗戶吹了一口煙。一只小海豚沖到媽媽身邊，短暫地吃了一口奶，然后在玻璃上吐了一團(tuán)奶)”可知，海豚對(duì)著玻璃吐了一團(tuán)牛奶是為了模仿人類行為。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dolphins’troublecouldbesharks,killerwhalesor,worseyet,afishingvessel.Indeed,inthepastthreedecades,commercialfishing,especiallythebiggestthreat—thedriftnetfishing,hasgreatlydecreasedtheworld’sdolphinpopulation.EverynightintheNorthPacific,hundredsofAsianfishingvesselsputoutthese“curtainsofdeath,”eachupto50mileslong.Floatingwiththecurrents,theysweepupallsealifeintheirpath.Peoplewonderwhattheworldwouldbewithoutdolphins.(海豚的麻煩可能是鯊魚、虎鯨，或者更糟糕的是，一艘漁船。事實(shí)上，在過(guò)去的三十年里，商業(yè)捕魚，尤其是最大的威脅——流網(wǎng)捕魚，已經(jīng)大大減少了世界上海豚的數(shù)量。每天晚上，在北太平洋，數(shù)百艘亞洲漁船都會(huì)掛上這些“死亡之幕”，每條長(zhǎng)達(dá)50英里。它們隨著水流漂浮，橫掃沿途所有的海洋生物。人們想知道沒(méi)有海豚的世界會(huì)是什么樣子)”可推知，應(yīng)該采取一些措施來(lái)保護(hù)海豚。故選C。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Hermansaid“We’restillintheearlystagesoflearningabouttheintelligenceoftheseanimalsandourabilitytocommunicatewiththem.”Scientistsareamazedatdolphins’intelligence,butfearforthefutureofthesetrustingoceancreatures.(赫爾曼說(shuō):“我們?nèi)蕴幱诹私膺@些動(dòng)物的智力和我們與它們交流能力的早期階段?！笨茖W(xué)家們對(duì)海豚的智力感到驚訝，但對(duì)這些信任人類的海洋生物的未來(lái)感到擔(dān)憂)”結(jié)合文章主要列舉了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)和一些事例說(shuō)明海豚是十分聰明的動(dòng)物，但是海豚如今面臨商業(yè)捕魚的威脅，數(shù)量大大減少?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“海豚：聰明，受威脅”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。DInaworldwherefirethreatensmoreandmorehomes,scientistshavedevelopedasurprisingtypeofmaterialthatmightkeepsomebuildingssafer:thinsheetsoffungi(真菌).Underneatheverymushroomisabranchingnetworkofrootlikestructurescalledamycelium(菌絲體).Nowresearchershavesuccessfullygrownthesenetworksintopizza-sizesheetsthatcouldactasafireretardantinbuildingmaterials,accordingtoanewstudyinPolymerDegradationandStability.“Usingabiologicalmateriallikemyceliumhasenormousbenefits”,saysseniorauthorEversonKandare.Unlikeasbestos,whichisstillsometimesaddedtobuildingmaterialsasafireretardant,myceliumdoesnotreleasepoisonouscompoundswhenexposedtofire.“Whenthereisabuildingfire,itoftenisn’ttheflameintensityortheheatthatkillsorinjurespeople,”saysKandare,anengineeratRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia.“Itisthesmokeandthepoisonousmetalthatcomesoutofbuildingmaterials.”Thenewmyceliumsheets,grownintoprotectivecarpetsuptoafewmillimetersthick,couldpreventsuchbuildingmaterialsfromburninginthefirstplace.Myceliumcontainsalotofcarbon.Whenexposedtofire,thesheetbrieflyburns,releasingwaterandcarbondioxideintotheair,leavingbehindablacklayerofcarbon.Thisstudyisthefirsttointegratethesepropertiesintoausefulbuildingmaterial.Kandaresuggestsmyceliumcouldreplacethefireretardantfoam(泡沫劑),whichcanproduceCOandotherpoisonousproductswhenitburns.TheRMITteamhasbeenreachingouttomushroomfarmerstoseewhethertheycouldpromotethetechnologyforcommercialuse.Kandaresays,“Myceliumcangrowinthedark,whichmeansitsenergyneedsarerelativelyminimal.Evenbetter,myceliumisabiologicalmaterial,andanywasteitleavesbehindcanbeusedasfertilizer.”12.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase?A.Fireblock. B.Firesignal. C.Firealarm. D.Firedetection.13.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Componentsofprotectivecarpets.B.Processofgrowingmyceliumsheets.C.Environmentalimpactofthematerial.D.Workingprincipleofmyceliumsheets.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewmaterial?A.Itiswidelyused.B.Itcontainsenormousfoam.C.It’sresistanttohightemperature.D.It’sasaferoptionforconstruction.15.WhatisKandare’sattitudetomycelium’sfutureuse?A.Contradictory. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Cautious.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家們開發(fā)出一種新型材料——真菌薄片，在建筑中作為防火材料?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Underneatheverymushroomisabranchingnetworkofrootlikestructurescalledamycelium.Nowresearchershavesuccessfullygrownthesenetworksintopizza-sizesheetsthatcouldactasa

fireretardantinbuildingmaterials(每個(gè)蘑菇的下面都有一個(gè)由根狀結(jié)構(gòu)組成的分支網(wǎng)絡(luò)，叫做菌絲體?，F(xiàn)在研究人員已經(jīng)成功地將這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)培育成披薩大小的薄片，可以作為建筑材料的fireretardant)”和第四段的“Thenewmyceliumsheets,grownintoprotectivecarpetsuptoafewmillimetersthick,couldpreventsuchbuildingmaterialsfromburninginthefirstplace.(這種新的菌絲體薄片可以長(zhǎng)成幾毫米厚的保護(hù)性地毯，可以從一開始就防止這些建筑材料燃燒)”可知，這些薄片被添加建筑材料中的目的就是為了阻燃。由此可知，劃線詞fireretardant與A項(xiàng)的“Fireblock(防火隔斷材料)”同義。故選A。【13題詳析】段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的“Thenewmyceliumsheets,grownintoprotectivecarpetsuptoafewmillimetersthick,couldpreventsuchbuildingmaterialsfromburninginthefirstplace.Myceliumcontainsalotofcarbon.Whenexposedtofire,thesheetbrieflyburns,releasingwaterandcarbondioxideintotheair,leavingbehindablacklayerofcarbon.(這種新的菌絲體薄片可以長(zhǎng)成幾毫米厚的保護(hù)性地毯，可以從一開始就防止這些建筑材料燃燒。菌絲含有大量的碳。當(dāng)暴露在火中，床單會(huì)短暫燃燒，將水和二氧化碳釋放到空氣中，留下一層黑色的碳)

”可知，第四段的主要內(nèi)容是菌絲片的工作原理。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Unlikeasbestos,whichisstillsometimesaddedtobuildingmaterialsasafireretardant,myceliumdoesnotreleasepoisonouscompoundswhenexposedtofire.(石棉有時(shí)仍被添加到建筑材料中作為阻燃劑，菌絲體與石棉不同的是，它在暴露于火中時(shí)不會(huì)釋放有毒化合物)”可推知，新材料菌絲體是一個(gè)更安全的選擇。故選D。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Myceliumcangrowinthedark,whichmeansitsenergyneedsarerelativelyminimal.Evenbetter,myceliumisabiologicalmaterial,andanywasteitleavesbehindcanbeusedasfertilizer.(菌絲體可以在黑暗中生長(zhǎng)，這意味著它對(duì)能量的需求相對(duì)較少。更好的是，菌絲體是一種生物材料，它留下的任何廢物都可以用作肥料)”可推知，坎達(dá)雷對(duì)菌絲體的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isanancientsystemofhealthandwellnessthat’sbeenusedinChinaforthousandsofyears.IthassavedmillionsoflivesaroundChina’svastterritorybyprovidingvitalinformationondiagnosis(診斷),treatingcommonmedicalproblemsanddiseases,andemphasizingprevention.IfyoudonothavepreviousexperiencewithChinesecultureormedicine,bepreparedforaculturalexperience.____16____Severalthousandyearsago,TheMedicalClassicoftheYellowEmperorputforwardtheprinciplethatoneshoulddevelopyangenergyinspringandsummer,____17____AndinChina’slonghistory,theprinciplehasprovenofgreatvalueforgoodhealthandlongevityoflife.AccordingtoTCMtheory,yangenergyisthepowerforinnerorgans.____18____“Summertreatment”takesadvantageofabundantyangenergyinnatureduringsummer,whenyangenergyisoutwardandupward.Itistherighttimetosupplement(補(bǔ)充)yangenergybyinternalorexternaltraditionalChinesemedicinemethods.Thishelpstoadjusttothebalanceofyinandyanginthebody,resultinginamoreeffectiveoutcome.____19____Therefore,itisthebesttimeforthehumanbodytosupplementessenceandstorevitalsubstancesthroughoutthewholeyear.TCMholdsthatGaoFang,thecreamformula,isthebestchoicefortonification(滋補(bǔ))inwinter.Byadjustingqi,blood,yinandyangofthebody,itcanachievetheeffectsoftreatment,regulation,andnourishment.“Sproutinginspring,growinginsummer,harvestinginautumnandstoringinwinter”isthelawofdevelopmentinthenature.____20____Itneedstobeinagreementwithtimingandtheseasons.Withsuchdirection,ancientChinesepeoplehandeddowntolatergenerationsmedicaltextsforanorderly-arrangeddailylife.A.whileprotectingyinenergyinautumnandwinter.B.It’snecessarytothefunctionofvariousbodyparts.C.Thesameistrueforthewayofhealthpreservation.D.whenthebodyengagesinactivedigestiveprocesses.E.Itwillrelieveyourmedicalconditionandenrichyourlife.F.Winteristheseasonforstorageofeverything,includingenergy.G.Summerisagoodseasontobuildupyourbodiesthroughexercise.【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.F20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了中醫(yī)指導(dǎo)下的養(yǎng)生之道。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isanancientsystemofhealthandwellnessthat’sbeenusedinChinaforthousandsofyears.IthassavedmillionsoflivesaroundChina’svastterritorybyprovidingvitalinformationondiagnosis(診斷),treatingcommonmedicalproblemsanddiseases,andemphasizingprevention.(中醫(yī)(TCM)是一種古老的保健體系，在中國(guó)已經(jīng)使用了數(shù)千年。它通過(guò)提供診斷、治療常見(jiàn)醫(yī)療問(wèn)題和疾病的重要信息，并強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)防，挽救了中國(guó)廣大領(lǐng)土上數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命。)”可知，中醫(yī)(TCM)是一種古老的保健體系，它能夠診斷、治療常見(jiàn)醫(yī)療問(wèn)題和疾病，并強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)防，挽救生命。由此可知，E.Itwillrelieveyourmedicalconditionandenrichyourlife.(它會(huì)緩解你的身體狀況，充實(shí)你的人生。)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。選項(xiàng)中的It指代上文中的中醫(yī)。故選E?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Severalthousandyearsago,TheMedicalClassicoftheYellowEmperorputforwardtheprinciplethatoneshoulddevelopyangenergyinspringandsummer,(幾千年前，《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》就提出了春夏兩季要養(yǎng)陽(yáng)的原則)”可知，A.whileprotectingyinenergyinautumnandwinter.(同時(shí)秋冬要保陰)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。其中選項(xiàng)中的yinenergy對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的yangenergy，autumnandwinter對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的springandsummer。故選A?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“AccordingtoTCMtheory,yangenergyisthepowerforinnerorgans.(根據(jù)中醫(yī)理論，陽(yáng)氣是內(nèi)臟的力量。)”可知，此處介紹了陽(yáng)氣對(duì)內(nèi)臟的重要性。由此可知，B.It’snecessarytothefunctionofvariousbodyparts.(它對(duì)身體各部位的功能是必要的。)能夠銜接上文，繼續(xù)講述陽(yáng)氣的功能，符合語(yǔ)境。其中選項(xiàng)中的It指代上文中的yangenergy。故選B?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Therefore,itisthebesttimeforthehumanbodytosupplementessenceandstorevitalsubstancesthroughoutthewholeyear.TCMholdsthatGaoFang,thecreamformula,isthebestchoicefortonification(滋補(bǔ))inwinter.(因此，這是人體全年補(bǔ)充精華、儲(chǔ)存重要物質(zhì)的最佳時(shí)間。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為，高方乳膏配方是冬季滋補(bǔ)的最佳選擇。)”可知，本段在講述冬季滋補(bǔ)的問(wèn)題。由此可知，F(xiàn).Winteristheseasonforstorageofeverything,includingenergy.(冬天是儲(chǔ)存一切東西的季節(jié)，包括能量。)能夠引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文““Sproutinginspring,growinginsummer,harvestinginautumnandstoringinwinter”isthelawofdevelopmentinthenature.(“春發(fā)芽，夏生長(zhǎng)，秋收獲，冬貯存”是自然界的發(fā)展規(guī)律。)”及下文“Itneedstobeinagreementwithtimingandtheseasons.Withsuchdirection,ancientChinesepeoplehandeddowntolatergenerationsmedicaltextsforanorderly-arrangeddailylife.(它需要與時(shí)間和季節(jié)一致。在這樣的指導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)古人將醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)代代相傳，使日常生活井然有序。)”可知，養(yǎng)生也應(yīng)該順應(yīng)自然界的發(fā)展規(guī)律，與時(shí)間和季節(jié)保持一致。由此可知，C.Thesameistrueforthewayofhealthpreservation.(養(yǎng)生之道亦是如此。)能夠承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分24分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Despitefacingnumerousblows,KieranBehankeptgoing.Thisremarkablemanhas____21____theworld,notonlywithhisgymnasticskills,butalsohisunshakable____22____.Behanhada(n)____23____forgymnasticsandbecameapartoftheschoolteam.However,his____24____childhoodchangedwhenhewasten,duetoanoperation.Theunfortunateturnofeventslefthimina____25____.Thedoctorstoldhimthathewouldneverwalk.____26____,againstallodds,theyoungBehanreturnedtothegym15monthslater.Unfortunately,tragedystruckagainwhenhewas12yearsold.Whileworkingonthehighbaratschool,Behan____27____andhitthebackofhishead.Thisbraininjurydamagedhisinnerear,takingawaythetwomostcrucial____28____ofagymnast:balanceandcoordination.Thistime,thedoctorwasevenmore____29____thathewouldneverwalkagain.Nevertheless,Behan_____30_____tobelieveanyofthat.Overthenextthreeyears,hemade_____31_____torecover.Hemanagedtomakea_____32_____tothegymnasticworld.In2016,Behanmadeitforthe2016OlympicGames,hisfinalOlympicappearance.Hemanagedtocompletehis_____33_____andcamein38thintheevent.Behansaid,“IfI’ve_____34_____anyoneoutthere,thenthat’sa(n)_____35_____I’mgoingtobesoproudof.Tohavegoneoutthereandgivenitmyall,youcan’treallyaskformuchmore.”21.A.challenged B.impressed C.explored D.defended22.A.will B.position C.foundation D.goal23.A.need B.passion C.nose D.idea24.A.lonely B.unlucky C.imaginative D.peaceful25.A.seat B.mess C.wheelchair D.shelter26.A.Yet B.Thus C.Otherwise D.Besides27.A.hung B.slipped C.jumped D.swung28.A.hobbies B.features C.skills D.qualities29.A.nervous B.puzzled C.certain D.depressed30.A.tried B.tended C.started D.refused31.A.efforts B.suggestions C.arrangements D.promises32.A.difference B.comeback C.presentation D.breakthrough33.A.drill B.mission C.routine D.course34.A.inspired B.hurt C.misunderstood D.admired35.A.trick B.story C.ambition D.blessing【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.A27.B28.C29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了基蘭·貝漢在經(jīng)歷了兩次受傷之后，經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的訓(xùn)練，他參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的體操比賽并獲得第38名的好成績(jī)的故事。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)了不起的人給世界留下了深刻的印象，不僅是他的體操技巧，還有他不可動(dòng)搖的意志。A.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；B.impressed留下印象；C.explored探索；D.defended防御。根據(jù)前文“Despitefacingnumerousblows,KieranBehankeptgoing.”可知，盡管面臨重重打擊，基蘭·貝漢還是堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，推斷出這個(gè)了不起的人給世界留下了深刻的印象。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)了不起的人給世界留下了深刻的印象，不僅是他的體操技巧，還有他不可動(dòng)搖的意志。A.will意志；B.position位置；C.foundation基礎(chǔ)；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)后文“Overthenextthreeyears,hemade________torecover.”可知，貝漢經(jīng)歷了兩次事故，但是他在接下來(lái)的三年里努力恢復(fù)，說(shuō)明他有不可動(dòng)搖的意志。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：貝漢熱愛(ài)體操，并成為了校隊(duì)的一員。A.need需要；B.passion熱情；C.nose鼻子；D.idea想法。根據(jù)后文“Hemanagedtomakea________tothegymnasticworld.”可知，他在受傷后成功地重返體操界，說(shuō)明他熱愛(ài)體操。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他平靜的童年在他十歲的時(shí)候因?yàn)橐淮问中g(shù)而改變了。A.lonely孤獨(dú)的；B.unlucky不幸的；C.imaginative有想象力的；D.peaceful和平的，平靜的。根據(jù)前文“Behanhada（n）________forgymnasticsandbecameapartoftheschoolteam.”可知，貝漢酷愛(ài)體操，并成為了校隊(duì)的一員，說(shuō)明他的童年時(shí)光是平靜的。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的轉(zhuǎn)折使他坐上了輪椅。A.seat座位；B.mess混亂；C.wheelchair輪椅；D.shelter居所。根據(jù)后文“Thedoctorstoldhimthathewouldneverwalk.”可知，醫(yī)生告訴他，他再也不能走路了，推斷出他需要用輪椅。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，盡管困難重重，15個(gè)月后，年輕的貝漢還是回到了健身房。A.Yet然而；B.Thus因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.Besides除了。前文“Thedoctorstoldhimthathewouldneverwalk.”和后文“theyoungBehanreturnedtothegym15monthslater”可知，貝漢在被告知不能行走后的十五個(gè)月重新返回健身房，前后句之間構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)用A“然而”表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)校練習(xí)高杠時(shí)，貝漢滑倒了，撞到了后腦勺。A.hung懸掛；B.slipped滑倒；C.jumped跳越；D.swung搖晃。根據(jù)后文“hitthebackofhishead”可知，他摔傷了后腦勺，推斷出在學(xué)校練習(xí)高杠時(shí)，貝漢滑倒了，故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次腦損傷損傷了他的內(nèi)耳，帶走了體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員最重要的兩項(xiàng)技能:平衡和協(xié)調(diào)。A.hobbies愛(ài)好；B.features特點(diǎn)；C.skills技能；D.qualities質(zhì)量。根據(jù)后文“balanceandcoordination”可知，平衡和協(xié)調(diào)是體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員最重要的兩項(xiàng)技能。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次，醫(yī)生更加確定他再也不能走