山西省晉城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月第一次模擬考試(期末)英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省晉城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月第一次模擬考試(期末)英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AForGrandparentsDayoranyday,afreeandeasygiftistogiveoneofthesebookstoabelovednana(奶奶)orgrandpaandreadthebooktogetherwiththegrandchild.NanaAkuaGoestoSchoolbyTriciaElamWalkerZurafeelsnervousaboutNanaAkuavisitingherschoolforGrandparentsDaybecauseNanahaspermanentAfricantribalmarksonherface.Whenthedayarrives,AkuaexplainsthatsheisfromGhanaandthemarkswereagiftfromherparentsandshefeelsproudtowearthem.SheshowstheclassaquiltfilledwithothersymbolsfromGhanaandeachchildgetstopickasymboltheylovetowearontheirfacewithfacepaint.Tiny,PerfectThingsbyM.H.ClarkCelebratethewondersofordinary,smallthingsasagirlandhergrandfathertakeawalktonoticeallthetinyandperfectthings;thingslikeayellowleaf,asnail,aredbottlecap,aflowergrowingthroughasidewalkcrack…Whentheyarrivehome,thelittlegirlexcitedlysharesaboutthewondersshesaw.NanaintheCitybyLaurenCastilloTheboydoesn’tlikethecitywhereNanalives,becausehethinksit’sloudandscary.Nanagiveshimafancyredcapethatmakeshimfeelverybrave.AndheandNanawalkthroughthecity,discoveringallthatiswonderfulaboutit.ILoveYouMuchoMuchobyRachelMásDavidsonRosievisitshernana,butsheforgetsNanadoesn’tspeakEnglish.Howwilltheycommunicate?First,theystartwithfood.Thentheydoarttogetherandtakeawalk.NanasaysawordinSpanishandRosiesaysthewordinEnglish.Nomatterwhat,theirloveisalanguageofitsownthatdoesn’tneedwords.1.WhatmightZuraworryabout?A.Hernanaislookeddownupon. B.Hernanafailstovisitherschool.C.Hernana’sexplanationisunconvincing. D.Hernanaistooproudtowearthemarks.2.Fromwhichofthefollowingcanreadersfeelthecharmofnature?A.NanaAkuaGoestoSchool. B.NanaintheCity.C.Tiny,PerfectThings. D.ILoveYouMuchoMucho.3.WhatmessagedoesILoveYouMuchoMuchoconvey?A.Lovetrulymattersalot. B.WeshouldcommunicateinEnglish.C.Bodylanguageisimportant. D.Weshouldlearnmultiplelanguages.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了可以在祖父母節(jié)送給祖父母的四本書?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)NanaAkuaGoestoSchoolbyTriciaElamWalker部分中“ZurafeelsnervousaboutNanaAkuavisitingherschoolforGrandparentsDaybecauseNanahaspermanentAfricantribalmarksonherface.(祖拉對(duì)奶奶來學(xué)校過祖父母節(jié)感到很緊張，因?yàn)槟棠棠樕嫌杏谰玫姆侵薏柯溆∮?”可知，奶奶臉上有永久的非洲部落標(biāo)記，由此推知，Zura擔(dān)心這會(huì)讓她的奶奶在學(xué)校受到同學(xué)們的歧視或嘲笑。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tiny,PerfectThingsbyM.H.Clark部分中“Celebratethewondersofordinary,smallthingsasagirlandhergrandfathertakeawalktonoticeallthetinyandperfectthings;thingslikeayellowleaf,asnail,aredbottlecap,aflowergrowingthroughasidewalkcrack…Whentheyarrivehome,thelittlegirlexcitedlysharesaboutthewondersshesaw.(頌揚(yáng)平凡的小東西小事的奇跡，當(dāng)一個(gè)女孩和她的祖父散步時(shí)，注意到所有微小而完美的事物；比如一片黃葉、一只蝸牛、一個(gè)紅色的瓶蓋、一朵從人行道裂縫里鉆出來的花……當(dāng)他們回到家時(shí)，小女孩興奮地分享著她所看到的奇跡。)”可知，在Tiny,PerfectThings一書中，讀者能感受到大自然的魅力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ILoveYouMuchoMuchobyRachelMásDavidson部分“Rosievisitshernana,butsheforgetsNanadoesn’tspeakEnglish.Howwilltheycommunicate?First,theystartwithfood.Thentheydoarttogetherandtakeawalk.NanasaysawordinSpanishandRosiesaysthewordinEnglish.Nomatterwhat,theirloveisalanguageofitsownthatdoesn’tneedwords.(羅茜去看望奶奶，但她忘了奶奶不會(huì)說英語。他們將如何溝通?首先，他們從食物開始。然后他們一起做藝術(shù)，一起散步。奶奶用西班牙語說一個(gè)單詞，羅茜用英語說這個(gè)單詞。無論如何，他們的愛是一種不需要言語的語言)”可知，ILoveYouMuchoMucho一書中講述了羅茜和奶奶語言不通，但她們用愛交流的故事，所以這本書要表達(dá)的是愛真的很重要。故選A項(xiàng)。BA36-year-oldmanisattemptingtosetanewrecordbyrowing5,000milessolofromHawaiitoAustraliawhilededicatinghisjourneytosavingtheplanet.TezSteinberg,ofBoulder,Colorado,planstoleaveHawaiionDecember20onhissolotripacrossthePacificOcean.Actually,it’sthesecondlegofanadventurethatbeganin2020whenherowedsolofor71daysfromMonterey,California,toOahu,Hawaii.Steinbergbegantoexperiencedepressionwhilehewasincollege.Atthetime,hefoundasolutionbyparticipatinginendurancesports.“Ithelpedmefeelbetter,”hesaid.“ButasIwentfartherandfarther,pushingmyselfthroughmarathonsandtriathlons,IdiscoveredthisbeliefinmyselfthatI’msomuchstrongerthanIthoughtIwas.”However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthetaskwithoutanypriorprofessionalexperience,Steinbergrealizedhecouldusehisstorytoinspireotherpeopletobelieveinthemselvesandtheirpotentialtochangeandgrow.Recallingthefirstjourneyatsea,hesaid,“Iwassosurprisedbyhowbeautifultheoceanwas,andalsohowmuchplasticIsaw.Soitwasthatrealizationatseathatledmetowanttogobackoutagain.”Inspiredbyhisfirstexpedition,Steinberg’snewmissionistofocusonoceanconservation,andspecificallyoceanplastics.“AlltheplasticIsawatseawasjustheartbreaking,”hesaid.TheupcomingvoyagewillbepartofanattempttobreakaGuinnessWorldRecord.Nevertheless,breakingrecordsisn’thispriority.“Personally,althoughaworldrecordisexciting,that’snotwhyI’minit.Theworldrecordisfunformediaattention,butthroughitwecangetmoredonations,supportandactionforoceanplastics,”Steinbergsaid.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSteinbergfromparagraphs3and4?A.Hesufferedacademically.B.Hewasexpertinextremesports.C.Hegainedconfidencefrommotivatingothers.D.Heturnedtochallengingtasksinfaceofdifficulties.5.WhydidSteinberggoonthefirstadventureatsea?A.Torecoverfromthestateofdepression.B.Torelievethepainofhisfather’spassing.C.Toinspireotherpeopletofulfiltheirdreams.D.Tochallengehimselftoachievetheimpossible.6.WhatisSteinberg’smainpurposeinsettingoffforthesecondexpedition?A.Tobreakaworldrecord. B.Toestablishagoodreputation.C.Tocontributetooceanprotection. D.Tourgegovernmentstotakeaction.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSteinberg?A.Stubbornandambitious. B.Self-centeredandsympathetic.C.Determinedandknowledgeable. D.Responsibleandcourageous.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了一名36歲的男子Steinberg正試圖創(chuàng)造一項(xiàng)新的記錄，他計(jì)劃從夏威夷劃船5000英里到達(dá)澳大利亞，并致力于拯救地球?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Steinbergbegantoexperiencedepressionwhilehewasincollege.Atthetime,hefoundasolutionbyparticipatinginendurancesports.(斯坦伯格在大學(xué)期間開始經(jīng)歷抑郁癥。當(dāng)時(shí)，他通過參加耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)找到了解決方案)”以及第四段的“However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.(然而，在2016年，父親突然去世后，他的生活發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)折。這一打擊使他獨(dú)自劃船橫渡大海，對(duì)自己提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，Steinberg每次面對(duì)困難，他并沒有放棄，而是更加挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.

(然而，在2016年，父親突然去世后，他的生活發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)折。這一打擊使他獨(dú)自劃船橫渡大海，對(duì)自己提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，為了減輕他父親去世的痛苦，Steinberg第一次海上探險(xiǎn)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Recallingthefirstjourneyatsea,hesaid,“Iwassosurprisedbyhowbeautifultheoceanwas,andalsohowmuchplasticIsaw.Soitwasthatrealizationatseathatledmetowanttogobackoutagain.”Inspiredbyhisfirstexpedition,Steinberg’snewmissionistofocusonoceanconservation,andspecificallyoceanplastics.(回憶起第一次海上之旅，他說：“我對(duì)海洋的美麗和我看到的塑料數(shù)量感到非常驚訝。正是在海上的這一認(rèn)識(shí)讓我想再次回到大海?！彼固共竦男率姑菍Ｗ⒂诤Ｑ蟊Ｗo(hù)，特別是海洋塑料)”可知，Steinberg出發(fā)進(jìn)行第二次探險(xiǎn)的主要目的是為海洋保護(hù)做出貢獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TezSteinberg,ofBoulder,Colorado,planstoleaveHawaiionDecember20onhissolotripacrossthePacificOcean.Actually,it’sthesecondlegofanadventurethatbeganin2020whenherowedsolofor71daysfromMonterey,California,toOahu,Hawaii.(科羅拉多州博爾德市的泰茲·斯坦伯格計(jì)劃于12月20日離開夏威夷，獨(dú)自穿越太平洋。事實(shí)上，這是他從2020年開始的一次冒險(xiǎn)的第二站，當(dāng)時(shí)他獨(dú)自劃船71天，從加利福尼亞州的蒙特利到夏威夷的瓦胡島)”以及最后一段“Theworldrecordisfunformediaattention,butthroughitwecangetmoredonations,supportandactionforoceanplastics,”Steinbergsaid.(媒體關(guān)注世界紀(jì)錄很有趣，但通過它，我們可以為清除海洋塑料獲得更多的捐款、支持和行動(dòng))”可知，Steinberg已經(jīng)開始劃船獨(dú)自穿越太平洋的計(jì)劃，而且他穿越太平洋的目的是保護(hù)海洋，減少塑料垃圾。由此可推知，他是一個(gè)勇敢且有責(zé)任心的人。故選D。CWhilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!Haveyouevercaughtayawnfromsomeoneelse?Mostpeoplehave.Accordingtoonepreviousstudy,apersonissixtimesmorelikelytoyawnafterseeingsomeoneelsedoso.Expertshavedonemanystudiesintowhyyawnsseemtopassfrompersontoperson.Asaresult,expertshaveafewtheoriesforthereasonbehindit.Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.Anotherpopulartheoryisthatyawnsareinfectiousthankstosocialrelationships.Humansareundoubtedlysocialcreatures.Theyformfriendships,startfamilies,andlivetogetheringroups.That’swhymanypeoplemirrorothers,suchassmilingwhenanotherpersondoesso.Yawningmaybejustanotherexampleofthis.Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.Theanswercouldevenbethatyawnsaren’ttrulyinfectiousatall.Instead,peoplemayyawnwhenthey’etogethersimplybecausethey‘reinthesameenvironment.Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.8.Whatkindofbehaviormaybecopiedbythemirrorneurons?A.Unimportantbutattractive. B.Usefulandbeneficial.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Easytocopy.9.Whoseyawnsarepeoplemostlikelytocopyaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theoneswhoyawnalot. B.Theoneswhoarefriendlytothem.C.Theonescloselyconnectedwiththem. D.Theonessharingthesameinterestwiththem.10.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Sometipsonyawninginpublic. B.Arealexplanationforinfectiousyawning.C.Otherexamplesofanimalsyawningtogether. D.Furtherstudiesofinfectiousyawninginhumans.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyyawnsareinfectious. B.Whatcausespeopletoyawn.C.Whoyawnsmorethanothers. D.Whetheryawnsareinfectious.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于打哈欠會(huì)傳染的理論?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.(一種可能的解釋與所謂的社交鏡像有關(guān)。這是由大腦中的鏡像神經(jīng)元引起的。這些細(xì)胞幫助大腦注意到他人的有用行為，然后復(fù)制它。當(dāng)一個(gè)人看到另一個(gè)人打哈欠時(shí)，他的鏡像神經(jīng)元會(huì)觀察到這個(gè)動(dòng)作，并將其解釋為有益的行為。這也可能導(dǎo)致他打哈欠。)”可知，鏡像神經(jīng)元可以復(fù)制有用和有益的行為。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.(事實(shí)上，研究表明，如果一個(gè)人和另一個(gè)人有著共同的社會(huì)關(guān)系，那么他們最有可能被對(duì)方打哈欠)”可知，人們最容易被那些與他們關(guān)系密切的人的哈欠傳染。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.(專家表示，許多因素可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致打哈欠，包括溫度和時(shí)間。同一地區(qū)的任何人都可能經(jīng)歷可能的原因。無論解釋是什么，專家們都知道傳染性哈欠并不局限于人類。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，南非的獅子也會(huì)互相打哈欠。)”可推知，在接下來的段落中，作者可能會(huì)繼續(xù)談?wù)撈渌鼊?dòng)物一起打哈欠的例子。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文及文章第一段“Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!(雖然科學(xué)家們有很多想法，但人類為什么會(huì)打哈欠并沒有單一的解釋。不過，專家們對(duì)哈欠有一點(diǎn)了解——它們似乎具有傳染性！)”可知，文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于打哈欠會(huì)傳染的理論，故A項(xiàng)Whyyawnsareinfectious.(為什么打哈欠會(huì)傳染)適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DAnartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.Theresearchersbehindthetechnologysayitcouldalsohaveapositiveimpactonearlypredictionofsocialandhealthproblems.SuneLehmannJorgensenattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkandhiscolleaguesusedthedatacoveringvariousaspectsof6millionpeoplefrom2008to2020fromDenmark.Theychangedthedataintowordsthatcouldbeusedtotrainalargelanguagemodel,thesametechnologythatpowersotherAIapps.Thesemodelsworkbylookingataseriesofwordsanddeterminingwhichwordisstatisticallymostlikelytocomenext,basedonvastamountsofexamples.Inasimilarway,theresearchers’Life2vecmodelcanlookataseriesoflifeeventsthatformaperson’shistoryanddeterminewhatismostlikelytohappennext.Inexperiments,Life2vecwastrainedonallbutthelastfouryearsofthedata,whichwasheldbackfortesting.Theresearcherstookdataonagroupofpeopleagedfrom35to65,halfofwhomdiedbetween2016and2020,andaskedLife2vectopredictwholivedandwhodied.Itwas11percentmoreaccuratethananyexistingAImodelusedtopricelifeinsurancepoliciesinthefinanceindustry.Jorgensenbelievesthatthemodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeabletoshedlightonawiderangeofhealthandsocialtopics.Thismeansitcouldbeusedtopredicthealthissuesandcatchthemearly,orbygovernmentstoreduceinequality.Buthestressesthatitcouldalsobeusedbycompaniesinaharmfulway.“Clearly,ourmodelshouldnotbeusedbyaninsurancecompany,becausethewholeideaofinsuranceisthat,bysharingthelackofknowledgeofsomebodywhoisgoingtobetheunluckypersonstruckbysomeincidentsordeaths,wecankindofsharethisburden,”saysJorgensen.12.WhatmakesLife2vecmorepowerfulinforecastingdeathrisks?A.Itistrainedonvastamountsofdata.B.Itgoesthroughalargenumberoftests.C.ItusesthesametechnologyasotherAIappsdo.D.Itisintendedforthegovernmenttomakepolicies.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shedlighton”inparagraph4mean?A.Revise. B.Recognize. C.Resolve. D.Reveal.14.WhyshouldLife2vecbekeptoutofthehandsofbusinesses?A.Toremovesocialinequality. B.Toguardpublicinterests.C.Tokeepitstechnologyasecret. D.Tomaintainthegovernment’sauthority.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Life2vec:SuperiorToOtherAIAppsB.NewAICanPredictRiskOfEarlyDeathC.AdvancedTechnologyAddressesSocialProblemsD.InsuranceCompanies:KeepAwayFromLife2vec【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了丹麥科學(xué)家所研發(fā)的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，該模型可以更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)人死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.(一種人工智能（AI）經(jīng)過涵蓋整個(gè)丹麥人口的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練，可以比任何現(xiàn)有的模型，甚至是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)使用的模型，更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)人們的死亡幾率。)”以及第二段中“SuneLehmannJorgensenattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkandhiscolleaguesusedthedatacoveringvariousaspectsof6millionpeoplefrom2008to2020fromDenmark.Theychangedthedataintowordsthatcouldbeusedtotrainalargelanguagemodel,thesametechnologythatpowersotherAIapps.(丹麥技術(shù)大學(xué)的蘇恩·萊曼·約根森和他的同事使用了2008年至2020年丹麥600萬人的各個(gè)方面的數(shù)據(jù)。他們將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成可用于訓(xùn)練大型語言模型的單詞，這與其他人工智能應(yīng)用程序使用的技術(shù)相同。)”可知，Life2vec是基于丹麥600萬人口從2008年至2020年各個(gè)方面的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的，這使得它在預(yù)測(cè)人死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的能力更加強(qiáng)大。故選A。【13題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句子“Jorgensenbelievesthatthemodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeableto

shedlighton

awiderangeofhealthandsocialtopics.(Jorgensen認(rèn)為，該模型已經(jīng)消耗了足夠的數(shù)據(jù)，它很可能能夠shedlighton

廣泛的健康和社會(huì)主題。)”中的“themodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeableto

”以及下文“Thismeansitcouldbeusedtopredicthealthissuesandcatchthemearly,orbygovernmentstoreduceinequality.(這意味著它可以用來預(yù)測(cè)健康問題并及早發(fā)現(xiàn)，或者被政府用來減少不平等。)”可知，這個(gè)模型使用了足夠多的數(shù)據(jù)，能夠幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)健康、社會(huì)等各方面存在的問題，劃線短語shedlighton在句中表達(dá)的意思為“揭露，使（問題）被發(fā)現(xiàn)”與reveal表達(dá)的意思一致。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buthestressesthatitcouldalsobeusedbycompaniesinaharmfulway.“Clearly,ourmodelshouldnotbeusedbyaninsurancecompany,becausethewholeideaofinsuranceisthat,bysharingthelackofknowledgeofsomebodywhoisgoingtobetheunluckypersonstruckbysomeincidentsordeaths,wecankindofsharethisburden,”saysJorgensen.(但他強(qiáng)調(diào)，它也可能被公司以有害的方式使用。Jorgensen說：“很明顯，我們的模型不應(yīng)該被保險(xiǎn)公司使用，因?yàn)楸ｋU(xiǎn)的整個(gè)理念是，通過共擔(dān)缺乏對(duì)那些將成為某些事件或死亡的不幸者的了解，我們可以分擔(dān)這種負(fù)擔(dān)”)”可知，Jorgensen強(qiáng)調(diào)Life2vec也可能被公司以有害的方式使用，保險(xiǎn)的本質(zhì)在于分擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如果保險(xiǎn)公司利用這個(gè)模型預(yù)測(cè)誰會(huì)遭遇不幸事件或死亡就違背了保險(xiǎn)互助的理念；Jorgensen他以保險(xiǎn)公司為例說明這些公司會(huì)為了自己的利益而犧牲公眾的利益；由此可知，Life2vec不應(yīng)該為商業(yè)所用是為了保護(hù)公眾的利益。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.Theresearchersbehindthetechnologysayitcouldalsohaveapositiveimpactonearlypredictionofsocialandhealthproblems.(一種人工智能(AI)經(jīng)過涵蓋整個(gè)丹麥人口的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練，可以比任何現(xiàn)有的模型，甚至是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)使用的模型，更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)人們的死亡幾率。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的研究人員表示，它還可以對(duì)社會(huì)和健康問題的早期預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)生積極影響。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了丹麥科學(xué)家所研發(fā)的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，它能夠更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)人的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還可以對(duì)社會(huì)和健康問題的早期預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)生積極影響；B選項(xiàng)“NewAICanPredictRiskOfEarlyDeath(新的人工智能可以預(yù)測(cè)過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nothingmakesorbreaksacampingtripmorethanhowcomfortableyouareatnight,andkeepingwarmisapriorityinmostseasons.____16____.Herearesomeimportanttipsforhowtostaywarminatent.SetyourtentupproperlyOnafineday,itmayfeelunnecessarytoputacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton.____17____.Flysheetshelptoavoidrainintothetent’sinnerlayer,soit’simportanttofixthemproperly.Getaseason-appropriatesleepingbagLightweightsleepingbagsareusuallyonlyappropriateforsummercamping.____18____.Winter-weightsleepingbagsareoftenverythickorheavyandareusuallycolyappropriateifyou’regoingcampingintemperaturesthatdropbelowfreezingovernight.____19____Whatevertheseason,you’relikelytogetsweatywhenwalkinginthedaytime.Asidefromitfeelingunpleasanttosleepinclothesthataredirtyandsweaty,it`salsopotentiallydangeroustogotobedwearingdampclothes.Keepaseparatesetofsleepingclotheswhenyou’rebackpackingsothatyoucanprotectyourselffromgettingwetatallcosts.SeparateyourtentwithcarpetsormatsSeparatingyourtentwithcarpetsormatsisagoodwayofkeepingyourtentwarm.Thisisanespeciallygoodideaifyoudon’thavetheworld’sgreatestsleepingbag.____20____.A.WeardifferentnightclothesB.ChoosemoresuitablesportsclothesC.TherearevariouswaysyoucanheatatentD.YourequipmentplaysavitalroleinstayingwarmE.ThesecanbelaidonthefloororbeneathyoursleepingbagF.However,thesearebothimportantwaysofseparatingyourtentG.Thickersleepingbagsmaybemorecomfortableinwintercamping【答案】16.D17.F18.G19.A20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹在帳篷中保暖的重要技巧，包括正確搭建帳篷、選擇適合季節(jié)的睡袋、更換干燥的睡衣以及使用地毯或墊子分隔帳篷等方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Nothingmakesorbreaksacampingtripmorethanhowcomfortableyouareatnight,andkeepingwarmisapriorityinmostseasons.(沒有什么比夜晚的舒適程度更能決定一次露營(yíng)之旅的成敗，在大多數(shù)季節(jié)里，保暖都是頭等大事)”指出露營(yíng)時(shí)保暖的重要性，D項(xiàng)“Yourequipmentplaysavitalroleinstayingwarm(你的裝備在保暖方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用)”將話題引向“裝備”，進(jìn)而引出下文“Herearesomeimportanttipsforhowtostaywarminatent.(這里有一些關(guān)于如何在帳篷里保暖的重要建議)”中“如何在在帳篷里保暖”這一話題，三個(gè)句子中都提到“保暖”這一概念，上下文語意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】上文“Onafineday,itmayfeelunnecessarytoputacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton.(在晴朗的日子里，你可能覺得沒有必要在帳篷下面放一塊防水油布，或者把最上面的帆布蓋上)”提到晴朗的日子，可能會(huì)覺得沒有必要使用防水油布和遮陽帆布，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“However,thesearebothimportantwaysofseparatingyourtent(然而，這兩個(gè)都是隔開帳篷的重要方法)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明使用防水油布和遮陽帆布的重要性，句中“both”指代上文中“putacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton”，上下文語意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】上文“Lightweightsleepingbagsareusuallyonlyappropriateforsummercamping.(輕便的睡袋通常只適合夏季露營(yíng))”介紹了輕便睡袋只適合夏季露營(yíng)，G項(xiàng)“Thickersleepingbagsmaybemorecomfortableinwintercamping(冬季露營(yíng)時(shí)，厚一點(diǎn)的睡袋可能會(huì)更舒服)”承接上文，說明冬季露營(yíng)需要厚一點(diǎn)的睡袋，引出下文“Winter-weightsleepingbagsareoftenverythickorheavyandareusuallycolyappropriateifyou’regoingcampingintemperaturesthatdropbelowfreezingovernight.(冬季睡袋通常很厚或很重，如果你要在氣溫低于冰點(diǎn)的地方過夜，那么睡袋通常很適合)”對(duì)冬季睡袋的介紹，上下文語意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空句是段首小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Whatevertheseason,you’relikelytogetsweatywhenwalkinginthedaytime.Asidefromitfeelingunpleasanttosleepinclothesthataredirtyandsweaty,it’salsopotentiallydangeroustogotobedwearingdampclothes.Keepaseparatesetofsleepingclotheswhenyou’rebackpackingsothatyoucanprotectyourselffromgettingwetatallcosts.(無論什么季節(jié)，你都可能在白天走路時(shí)出汗。除了穿著臟兮兮、汗津津的衣服睡覺會(huì)讓人不舒服之外，穿著潮濕的衣服睡覺也有潛在的危險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)你背包旅行時(shí)，準(zhǔn)備一套單獨(dú)的睡衣，無論如何，這樣你就可以保持干燥)”可知，本段主要建議要單獨(dú)帶的睡衣。故A項(xiàng)“Weardifferentnightclothes(換睡衣)”是本段最佳小標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】上文“Separatingyourtentwithcarpetsormatsisagoodwayofkeepingyourtentwarm.(用地毯或墊子把帳篷隔開是保持帳篷溫暖的好方法)”提出用地毯或墊子把帳篷隔開，E項(xiàng)“Thesecanbelaidonthefloororbeneathyoursleepingbag(這些可以放在地上或睡袋下面)”承接上文，介紹地毯或墊子的用法，句中“These”指代上文中“carpetsormats”。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AtaxidriverspeciallygaveafreeridetoamotherandherlittleboyTylerwhohadasuddenattackofanillnessontheroad.18yearslater,atouching____21____followed.66-year-oldCarlbookedataxitothehospital.Hehad____22____fromworkandhaddevelopedhealth____23____duetooldage.Hewaswaitingoutsidehishousewhenataxiapproachedhim____24____.Carlwavedattheyoungdriver.Hegotinand____25____thedrivertodrophimoffatthehospital.Theydidn’t____26____muchduringthehalf-hourdrive.WhenCarl____27____hiswallet,hefoundhehadnocash.“Hey,doyouacceptcards?”hebrokethesilence,onlytobe____28____totearsbytheyoungdriver’sreply.“Sir,youdon’thavetopayme.AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”Carlwasgreatly____29____andasked,“Free?Butwhy?”Thedriversmiled,“WhenIwaslittle,Isufferedfromanattackinneedof____30____treatmentontheroad,andakindtaxidriverdrovemetothehospitalforfreeand____31____mylife.Mymothertoldmethedrivernever____32____fortripstothehospital.His____33____inspiredme,soIdothesame!”Carl’sheartfeltlighterandhappier.“What’syourname,youngman?”heinquiredthedriver.Andtearsofjoy____34____hiseyeswhenthedriversaid,“MynameisTyler.”Bethelightthathelpsothers____35____thedarkestoftimes.21.A.memory B.encounter C.photo D.movie22.A.concluded B.escaped C.recovered D.retired23.A.problems B.characteristics C.concerns D.tendencies24.A.secretly B.desperately C.unexpectedly D.slowly25.A.encouraged B.appointed C.reminded D.warned26.A.struggle B.communicate C.cooperate D.worry27.A.checked B.received C.bought D.recognized28.A.frightened B.saddened C.moved D.excited29.A.disappointed B.astonished C.annoyed D.ashamed30.A.emergent B.special C.effective D.painless31.A.witnessed B.affected C.controlled D.saved32.A.provided B.charged C.wished D.prepared33.A.bravery B.patience C.kindness D.politeness34.A.lit B.hurt C.narrowed D.fogged35.A.clearaway B.getaway C.getthrough D.lookthrough【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述18年前，出租車司機(jī)Carl把一位母親和她生病的孩子Tyler免費(fèi)送到醫(yī)院。18年后，Carl和Tyler在出租車?yán)锊黄诙??！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：18年后，一場(chǎng)感人的邂逅接踵而至。A.memory記憶；B.encounter邂逅；C.photo照片；D.movie電影。由下文“Andtearsofjoyhiseyeswhenthedriversaid,‘MynameisTyler.’”可知，這里指Carl和Tyler在出租車?yán)铩板忮恕?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他已經(jīng)退休，由于年老而出現(xiàn)了健康問題。A.concluded斷定；B.escaped逃逸；C.recovered恢復(fù)；D.retired退休。由上文“66-year-oldCarl”可知，Carl年齡已經(jīng)很大了，所以這里指他已經(jīng)“退休”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他已經(jīng)退休，由于年老而出現(xiàn)了健康問題。A.problems問題；B.characteristics特征；C.concerns關(guān)心；D.tendencies傾向。由下文“drophimoffatthehospital”可知，這里指Carl擁有健康“問題”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他正在屋外等車，這時(shí)一輛出租車慢慢向他駛來。A.secretly秘密地；B.desperately拼命地；C.unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.slowly慢速地。由下文“Carlwavedattheyoungdriver”以及語境可知，這里指一輛出租車“慢速地”過來，所以Carl招手讓它停下。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他上了車，提醒司機(jī)把他送到醫(yī)院。A.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；B.appointed任命；C.reminded提醒；D.warned警告。由下文“drophimoffatthehospital”可知，這里指Carl“提醒”司機(jī)把他送到醫(yī)院。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在半小時(shí)的車程中，他們沒怎么交流。A.struggle斗爭(zhēng)；B.communicate交流；C.cooperate合作；D.worry擔(dān)心。由下文“duringthehalf-hourdrive”以及下文的交流情況可知，這里指前面Carl和司機(jī)沒有“交流”。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Carl查看他的錢包時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他沒有現(xiàn)金。A.checked查看；B.received收到；C.bought買；D.recognized認(rèn)出來。由下文“hefoundhehadnocash”可知，這里指Carl“查看”他錢包。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他打破了沉默，卻被年輕司機(jī)的回答感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。A.frightened使驚嚇；B.saddened使悲傷；C.moved感動(dòng)；D.excited使激動(dòng)。由下文“AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”可知，這里指Carl可以免費(fèi)坐車去醫(yī)院，這讓他幾乎“感動(dòng)”到快哭了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Carl非常驚訝，問道：“免費(fèi)？但為什么？”A.disappointed感到失望的；B.astonished驚訝的；C.annoyed惹惱的；D.ashamed慚愧的。由下文“Butwhy”可知，Carl對(duì)免費(fèi)感覺很“驚訝”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：小時(shí)候，我在路上突發(fā)疾病，需要緊急治療，一位好心的出租車司機(jī)免費(fèi)開車送我去醫(yī)院，救了我一命。A.emergent緊急的；B.special特殊的；C.effective有效的；D.painless無痛的。由上文“sufferedfromanattack”可知，這里指突發(fā)疾病，所以需要“緊急的”治療。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：小時(shí)候，我在路上突發(fā)疾病，需要緊急治療，一位好心的出租車司機(jī)免費(fèi)開車送我去醫(yī)院，救了我一命。A.witnessed目擊；B.affected影響；C.controlled受控；D.saved拯救。由上文“sufferedfromanattack”可知，Tyler突發(fā)疾病，而司機(jī)及時(shí)送他去醫(yī)院“拯救”了他一命。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親告訴我，司機(jī)去醫(yī)院從來沒有收費(fèi)。A.provided提供；B.charged收費(fèi)；C.wished希望；D.prepared準(zhǔn)備。由上文“AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”以及下文“soIdothesame!”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)司機(jī)Carl送Tyler去醫(yī)院時(shí)沒有“收費(fèi)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的善良激勵(lì)了我，所以我也這么做！A.bravery勇敢；B.patience耐心；C.kindness善良；D.politeness禮貌。由上文“thedriverneverfortripstothehospital”可知，這里指Carl的“善良”激勵(lì)了Tyler。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：喜悅的淚水模糊了他的眼睛當(dāng)司機(jī)說：“我叫Tyler?！盇.lit點(diǎn)亮；B.hurt傷害；C.narrowed縮??；D.fogged使……變模糊。由上文“onlytobetotearsbytheyoungdriver’s