《材料員》課件-2 材料管理相關(guān)的法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

《材料員》MaterialClerkCONTENTS材料的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Technicalstandardsformaterials0201材料管理的相關(guān)法規(guī)Relevantlegislationonmaterialsmanagement01PART.01材料管理的相關(guān)法規(guī)Regulationsrelatingtomaterialsmanagement建設(shè)法規(guī)是指國(guó)家立法機(jī)關(guān)或其授權(quán)的行政機(jī)關(guān)制定的旨在調(diào)整國(guó)家及其有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)、企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體、公民之間，在建設(shè)活動(dòng)中或建設(shè)行政管理活動(dòng)中發(fā)生的各種社會(huì)關(guān)系的法律、法規(guī)的統(tǒng)稱。Constructionregulationsrefertothecollectivetermforlawsandregulationsformulatedbynationallegislativeorgansorauthorizedadministrativeorgansaimedatadjustingvarioussocialrelationshipsbetweenthecountryanditsrelevantinstitutions,enterprisesandinstitutions,socialorganizations,andcitizensinconstructionactivitiesorconstructionadministrativemanagementactivities.它體現(xiàn)了國(guó)家對(duì)城市建設(shè)、鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)、市政及社會(huì)公用事業(yè)等各項(xiàng)建設(shè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行組織、管理、協(xié)調(diào)的方針、政策和基本原則。Itreflectstheprinciples,policies,andbasicprinciplesofthecountry'sorganization,management,andcoordinationofvariousconstructionactivitiessuchasurbanconstruction,ruralconstruction,municipalandsocialpublicutilities.我國(guó)建設(shè)法規(guī)體系由以下五個(gè)層次組成：TheconstructionregulatorysysteminChinaconsistsofthefollowingfivelevels:1.建設(shè)法律

Constructionlaws2.建設(shè)行政法規(guī)

Constructionadministrativeregulations3.建設(shè)部門規(guī)章

Constructiondepartmentregulations4.地方性建設(shè)法規(guī)

Localconstructionregulations5.地方建設(shè)規(guī)章

regulations1.建設(shè)法律ConstructionLaws建設(shè)法律是指由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì)制定通過，由國(guó)家主席以主席令的形式發(fā)布的屬于國(guó)務(wù)院建設(shè)行政主管部門業(yè)務(wù)范圍的各項(xiàng)法律，如《中華人民共和國(guó)建筑法》、《中華人民共和國(guó)招標(biāo)投標(biāo)法》、《中華人民共和國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃法》等。建設(shè)法律是建設(shè)法規(guī)體系的核心和基礎(chǔ)。ConstructionlawsrefertothevariouslawsformulatedandadoptedbytheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommitteeandissuedbytheStatePresidentintheformofpresidentialdecreesthatfallwithinthescopeofbusinessoftheStateCouncil'sadministrativedepartmentofconstruction,suchas“theConstructionLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina”,“theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonBiddingandTendering”,“theLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonUrbanandRuralPlanning”,etc.Constructionlawsarethecoreandfoundationoftheconstructionregulationssystem.2.建設(shè)行政法規(guī)Constructionadministrativeregulations

建設(shè)行政法規(guī)是指由國(guó)務(wù)院制定，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)委員會(huì)審議通過，由國(guó)務(wù)院總理以中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院令的形式發(fā)布的屬于建設(shè)行政主管部門主管業(yè)務(wù)范圍的各項(xiàng)法規(guī)。建設(shè)行政法規(guī)的名稱常以“條例”、“辦法”、“規(guī)定”、“規(guī)章”等名稱出現(xiàn)，如《建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例》、《建設(shè)工程安全生產(chǎn)管理?xiàng)l例》等。ConstructionadministrativeregulationsrefertotheregulationsformulatedbytheStateCouncil,adoptedbytheStandingCommitteeoftheStateCouncilandissuedbythePremieroftheStateCouncilintheformofadecreeoftheStateCouncilofthePeople‘sRepublicofChina,whichfallwithinthescopeofbusinessofthecompetentconstructionadministrativedepartments.Thenamesofconstructionadministrativeregulationsareoften“regulations”,“measures”,“provisions”,“rules”,“regulations”andsoon.Forexample,“theRegulationsonQualityManagementofConstructionWorks”and“theRegulationsonSafetyManagementofConstructionWorks”,etc.3.建設(shè)部門規(guī)章Constructionsectorregulations

建設(shè)部門規(guī)章是指住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定的職責(zé)范圍，依法制定并頒布的各項(xiàng)規(guī)章或由住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部與國(guó)務(wù)院其他有關(guān)部門聯(lián)合制定并發(fā)布的規(guī)章，如《實(shí)施工程建設(shè)強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)督規(guī)定》、《工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目施工招標(biāo)投標(biāo)辦法》等。ConstructiondepartmentalregulationsrefertovariousregulationsformulatedandpromulgatedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentinaccordancewiththescopeofresponsibilitiesstipulatedbytheStateCouncilinaccordancewiththelaworjointlyformulatedandpromulgatedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentandotherrelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,suchas“theProvisionsonSupervisionoftheImplementationofCompulsoryConstructionStandards”and“theMeasuresonConstructionBiddingforEngineeringConstructionProjects”,etc.4.地方性建設(shè)法規(guī)Localconstructionregulations地方性建設(shè)法規(guī)是指在不與憲法、法律、行政法規(guī)相抵觸的前提下，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民代表大會(huì)及其常委會(huì)結(jié)合本地區(qū)實(shí)際情況制定頒行的或經(jīng)其批準(zhǔn)頒行的由下級(jí)人大或其常委會(huì)制定的，只在本行政區(qū)域有效的建設(shè)方面的法規(guī)。Localconstructionregulationsrefertotheconstructionregulationsenactedbythepeople'scongressesofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentandtheirstandingcommittees,orenactedbythepeople'scongressesoflowerlevelsortheirstandingcommitteeswiththeirapproval,whicharevalidonlyintheirownadministrativeregions,providedthattheydonotcontradicttheConstitution,lawsandadministrativeregulations.5.地方建設(shè)規(guī)章Localconstructionregulations地方建設(shè)規(guī)章是指省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府以及省會(huì)（自治區(qū)首府）城市和經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的較大城市的人民政府，根據(jù)法律和法規(guī)制定頒布的，只在本行政區(qū)域有效的建設(shè)方面的規(guī)章。Localconstructionregulationsrefertotheconstructionregulationsformulatedandpromulgatedbythepeople'sgovernmentsofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,aswellasthepeople'sgovernmentsofprovincialcapitals(thecapitalsofautonomousregions)andlargercitiesapprovedbytheStateCouncil,inaccordancewithlawsandregulationsandeffectiveonlyintheirownadministrativeregions.在建設(shè)法規(guī)的上述五個(gè)層次中，其法律效力從高到低依次為建設(shè)法律、建設(shè)行政法規(guī)、建設(shè)部門規(guī)章、地方性建設(shè)法規(guī)、地方建設(shè)規(guī)章。法律效力高的稱為上位法，法律效力低的稱為下位法。下位法不得與上位法相抵觸，否則其相應(yīng)規(guī)定將被視為無效。Amongtheabovefivelevelsofconstructionregulations,theirlegaleffectsare,indescendingorder,constructionlaws,constructionadministrativeregulations,constructiondepartmentalregulations,localconstructionregulationsandlocalconstructionregulations.Thosewithhigherlegaleffectarecalledsuperiorlaws,whilethosewithlowerlegaleffectarecalledsubordinatelaws.Thesubordinatelawmustnotcontradictthesuperiorlaw,otherwiseitscorrespondingprovisionswillbeconsideredinvalid.（一）建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目材料管理的相關(guān)規(guī)定

Relevantregulationsonmaterialsmanagementforconstructionprojects1.建筑法

ConstructionLaw2.建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例

ConstructionWorksQualityManagementRegulations（二）確保材料質(zhì)量的相關(guān)規(guī)定

Regulationsrelatingtoensuringthequalityofmaterials1.建筑法ConstructionLaw2.產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法

productqualitylaw3.建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例

ConstructionWorksQualityManagementRegulations4.實(shí)施工程建設(shè)強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)管規(guī)定Implementationofmandatorystandardsupervisionregulationsforengineeringconstruction5.安全生產(chǎn)法

lawonsafetyinproduction

《中華人民共和國(guó)建筑法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《建筑法》）于1997年11月1日由中華人民共和國(guó)第八屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第二十八次會(huì)議通過，于1997年11月1日發(fā)布，自1998年3月1日起施行。2011年4月22日，中華人民共和國(guó)第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第二十次會(huì)議通過了《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)關(guān)于修改＜中華人民共和國(guó)建筑法＞的決定》，修改后的《中華人民共和國(guó)建筑法》自2011年7月1日起施行?！癟heConstructionLawoftheChina”(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“ConstructionLaw”)wasadoptedatthe28thmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeofthe8thNationalPeople‘sCongressoftheChinaonNovember1,1997,promulgatedonNovember1,1997,andcameintoforceonMarch1,1998.OnApril22,2011,the20thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeofthe11thNationalPeople’sCongressoftheChinaadopted“theDecisionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople‘sCongressonAmendingtheConstructionLawoftheChina”,andtherevised“ConstructionLawoftheChina”cameintoforceonJuly1,2011.《建筑法》共8章85條，分別從建筑許可、建筑工程發(fā)包與承包、建筑工程監(jiān)理、建筑安全生產(chǎn)管理、建筑工程質(zhì)量管理等方面做出了規(guī)定?！癟heConstructionLaw”consistsof85articlesin8chapters,providingforconstructionpermits,theawardingandcontractingofconstructionworks,thesupervisionofconstructionworks,themanagementofconstructionsafetyandthemanagementofthequalityofconstructionworks.

建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目材料管理的相關(guān)規(guī)定如《建筑法》中第二十五條、第三十四條、第五十七條等，建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例中第八條、第三十五條、第五十一條等。RelevantregulationsonthemanagementofmaterialsforconstructionprojectssuchasArticles25,34and57of“theConstructionLaw”,andArticles8,35and51oftheRegulationsonQualityManagementofConstructionProjects.（一）建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目材料管理的相關(guān)規(guī)定

Relevantregulationsonmaterialsmanagementforconstructionprojects1.建筑法

ConstructionLaw2.建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例

ConstructionWorksQualityManagementRegulations（二）確保材料質(zhì)量的相關(guān)規(guī)定

Regulationsrelatingtoensuringthequalityofmaterials1.建筑法ConstructionLaw2.產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法

productqualitylaw3.建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例

ConstructionWorksQualityManagementRegulations4.實(shí)施工程建設(shè)強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)管規(guī)定Implementationofmandatorystandardsupervisionregulationsforengineeringconstruction5.安全生產(chǎn)法

lawonsafetyinproduction

確保材料質(zhì)量的相關(guān)規(guī)定如《建筑法》中第五十六條、第五十九條等，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法中第二十七條、第二十九條、第三十三至三十五條等，建筑工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例中第十四條、第二十二條、第二十九條、第三十一條、第三十七條等，實(shí)施工程建設(shè)強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)管規(guī)定中第二條、第三條、第五條、第十條、第十六條、第十九條等，安全生產(chǎn)法中第二十六條等。Relevantregulationstoensurematerialquality,suchasArticles56and59of“theConstructionLaw”,Articles27,29,33to35oftheProductQualityLaw,Articles14,22,29,31,37oftheRegulationsonQualityManagementofConstructionProjects,andArticles2,3,5,and10oftheRegulationsonSupervisionofCompulsoryStandardsforEngineeringConstructionArticle16,Article19,etc.,andArticle26oftheSafetyProductionLaw.ConstructionLawoftheChina02PART.02材料的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Technicalstandardsformaterials標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一詞廣義上講是指對(duì)重復(fù)事物和概念所作的統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，它以科學(xué)、技術(shù)和實(shí)踐的綜合成果為基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)有關(guān)方面協(xié)商一致，由主管部門批準(zhǔn)發(fā)布，作為共同遵守的準(zhǔn)則和依據(jù)。Theterm"standard"broadlyreferstoaunifiedregulationofrepetitivethingsandconcepts,whichisbasedonthecomprehensiveachievementsofscience,technology,andpractice.Itisapprovedandissuedbythecompetentdepartmentafterconsultationandconsensusamongrelevantparties,andservesasacommonguidelineandbasisforcompliance.與工程項(xiàng)目材料的生產(chǎn)和選用有關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩類。Thestandardsrelatedtotheproductionandselectionofmaterialsforengineeringprojectsaremainlytwotypesofproductstandardsandengineeringconstructionstandards.

產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為保證建筑材料產(chǎn)品的適用性，對(duì)產(chǎn)品必須達(dá)到的某些或全部要求所制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中包括：品種、規(guī)格、技術(shù)性能、試驗(yàn)方法、檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則、包裝、儲(chǔ)藏、運(yùn)輸?shù)葍?nèi)容。Productstandardsarestandardsformulatedtoensuretheapplicabilityofconstructionmaterialproductstosomeoralloftherequirementsthatmustbemetbytheproduct,including:varieties,specifications,technicalperformance,testmethods,inspectionrules,packaging,storage,transportandothercontent.

工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是對(duì)工程建設(shè)中的勘察、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝、驗(yàn)收等需要協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的事項(xiàng)所制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范、施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范中也有與建筑材料的選用相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。Engineeringconstructionstandardsarestandardsformulatedforthecoordinationandunificationofsurvey,planning,design,construction,installation,acceptance,andothermattersinengineeringconstruction.Amongthem,structuraldesignspecificationsandconstructionqualityacceptancespecificationsalsohavecontentrelatedtotheselectionofbuildingmaterials.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)材料驗(yàn)收和復(fù)驗(yàn)主要依據(jù)的是國(guó)內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前，我國(guó)常用的建筑材料技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、行業(yè)（或部）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由各行業(yè)主管部門和國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)防疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布，作為國(guó)家級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各有關(guān)行業(yè)都必須執(zhí)行。On-sitematerialacceptanceandre-inspectionismainlybasedondomesticstandards.Atpresent,themaintechnicalstandardsforconstructionmaterialscommonlyusedinChinaarenationalstandards,industry(orministry)standards,localstandardsandenterprisestandards.ThenationalstandardsarejointlyissuedbythecompetentdepartmentsoftheindustriesandtheGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineoftheState,andasnationalstandards,alltherelevantindustriesmustimplementthem.國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)的組織代號(hào)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)頒布時(shí)間四部分組成。如《混凝土強(qiáng)度檢驗(yàn)評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T

50107-2010），其中GB/T

為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)的組織代號(hào)國(guó)家推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（“T”代表“推薦”），“混凝土強(qiáng)度檢驗(yàn)評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱、50107為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)、2010為頒布時(shí)間2010年。行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由各行業(yè)主管部門批準(zhǔn)，在特定行業(yè)內(nèi)執(zhí)行，主要有建筑材料（JC）、建筑工程（JGJ）、石化工業(yè)（SH）、冶金工業(yè)（YB）等，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)組成與國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同。Anationalstandardconsistsoffourparts:thenameofthestandard,theorganizationcodeofthestandardissuinginstitution,thestandardnumber,andthetimeofstandardissuance.Forexample,inthe"StandardforInspectionandEvaluationofConcreteStrength"(GB/T50107-2010),whereGB/Tistheorganizationcodeofthestandardissuingagencyandthenationalrecommendedstandard("T"represents"recommendation"),"ConcreteStrengthInspectionandEvaluationStandard"isthestandardname,50107isthestandardnumber,and2010istheissuancedateof2010.Industrystandardsareapprovedbyvariousindustryregulatoryauthoritiesandimplementedwithinspecificindustries,mainlyincludingbuildingmaterials(JC),constructionengineering(JGJ),petrochemicalindustry(SH),metallurgicalindustry(YB),etc.Theirstandardcodecompositionisthesameasnationalstandards.美國(guó)材料與試驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ASTM）等，屬于國(guó)際團(tuán)體和公司標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。AmericanSocietyforTestin