2022年廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)執(zhí)信中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題

2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高二級(jí)英語(yǔ)科期末考試試卷本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共11頁(yè)，滿分為150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和學(xué)號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和答卷密封線內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置上，用2B鉛筆將自己的學(xué)號(hào)填涂在答題卡上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，有2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案；不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆在答卷紙上作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答卷紙各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上，超出指定區(qū)域的答案無(wú)效；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔和平整。第一部分（共88分）（選擇題共80分）一、聽(tīng)力（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）略二、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）1.Asthefinishedproductwasnotcorrectlypriced,it________well.A.wasn’tsold B.didn’tsell C.wouldn’tbesold D.can’tsell【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：由于成品定價(jià)不合理，所以賣(mài)得不好。此處sell為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示事物內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)和屬性，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)可知，陳述過(guò)去事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選B。2.Hetookupthepostofgeneralmanager,littleknowinghowthisappointment________hislife.A.haschanged B.changed C.wouldchange D.change【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他就任總經(jīng)理一職，卻不知道這一任命將如何改變他的生活。A.haschanged已經(jīng)改變；B.changed改變了；C.wouldchange將會(huì)改變；D.change改變。由前文的littleknowing以及語(yǔ)意可知，他對(duì)這一任命將會(huì)帶來(lái)什么改變并不了解，再結(jié)合前文使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。3.Bythetimethefamouspianistturnsthirty,he________thepianoformorethantwentyyears.A.willhavebeenplaying B.willplayChasbeenplaying D.plays【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到這位著名鋼琴家三十歲的時(shí)候，他就已經(jīng)彈鋼琴二十多年了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Bythetimethefamouspianistturnsthirty”可知，此處表示從現(xiàn)在到將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直在做某事，沒(méi)有停止過(guò)，所以用將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。4.Rayisanewgraduate,and________seemsthathehasdifficultyindealingwith________problemsarise.A.what,whichever B.what,whenever C.it,whatever D.it,wherever【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查it和名詞性從句。句意：Ray剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)，他似乎很難處理任何出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。分析句子可知，第一空應(yīng)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，seems后面的that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句，itseemsthat…“似乎……”；第二空是賓語(yǔ)從句，arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，分析句子可知，此處需要一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用wherever引導(dǎo)符合語(yǔ)境。綜上所述，故選D項(xiàng)。5.Newscame________thefilmdirectedbyPeterwonanaward.Whenwasthat?Itwas2018________hewasstillincollege.A.when;that B.that;thatC.that;which D.that;when【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。句意：——消息傳來(lái)，由彼得執(zhí)導(dǎo)的電影獲得了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)?！裁磿r(shí)候？——那是2018年的時(shí)候，那年他還在上大學(xué)。分析句子可知，空處1考查同位語(yǔ)從句連接詞，由從句不缺任何成分且表達(dá)肯定意義，應(yīng)用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。而空處2考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞2018，指物且與時(shí)間相關(guān)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。6.Irememberforthejob,butIforgettheexactamount.A.tobepaid B.thatIreceivepayC.beingpaid D.getpaid【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我記得我得到了這份工作的報(bào)酬，但我忘了確切的數(shù)目。remembertodosth“記得去做某事”。rememberdoingsth“記得做過(guò)某事”被動(dòng)形式為：rememberbeingdonesth。主語(yǔ)I與payfor在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用beingpaid。故C選項(xiàng)正確。7.Theexplorertookonly________menandthings________hereallyneededintothejunglewithhim.A.those;which B.such;asC.those;who D.such;that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這位探險(xiǎn)家只帶他真正需要的人和東西進(jìn)入?yún)擦帧uch...as...用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在定語(yǔ)從句中作needed的賓語(yǔ)。such...that...用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不作成分。故選B。8.Agoodgovernmentisnottopicktechnologies,buttoestablishconditions________innovationissupportedandencouragedintothemarketplace.A.when B.that C.whose D.where【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：一個(gè)好的政府不是挑選技術(shù)，而是建立支持和鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的條件。句中先行詞為conditions，是抽象地點(diǎn)名詞，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故選D。9.Asweallknow,everyminute,fulluseofourlessons,willdogoodtoourstudents.A.whichmakes;studying B.whenmade;tostudyC.thatismade;tostudy D.whichismade;studying【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查省略句和動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：當(dāng)每一分鐘都被充分利用學(xué)習(xí)我們的功課時(shí)候，每一分鐘都對(duì)學(xué)生有好處。everyminute與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，Whenmadefulluseoftostudyourlessons=wheneveryminuteismadefulluseoftostudyourlessons.makefulluseof的賓語(yǔ)是everyminute，of后面用tostudy表示目的。makefulluseoftimetodosth充分利用時(shí)間來(lái)干某事whenmade是省略結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B.10.Asasplendidsecretary,Mr.Howellalwayskeepsthemanagerofwhat’sgoingonathomeandabroad,sohedeserves.A.tobeinformed;tobepraised B.informing;praisingC.informed;praised D.informed;praising【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：作為一名出色的秘書(shū)，豪厄爾先生總是讓經(jīng)理了解國(guó)內(nèi)外的情況，所以他值得被表?yè)P(yáng)。分析句子可知，themanager是inform的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，inform和themanager是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以第一空用過(guò)去分詞形式informed表被動(dòng)；deservedoing（=deservetobedone），意為“值得被…”,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以第二空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式praising。故選D項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞關(guān)鍵抓住兩點(diǎn)：第一、辨別非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用條件。一個(gè)句子中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），又沒(méi)有連詞，還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞用非謂語(yǔ)形式。第二、找邏輯主語(yǔ)、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)、分析時(shí)態(tài)。主動(dòng)進(jìn)行-ing，被動(dòng)完成用-ed，將來(lái)目的用todo。如本題中，inform只能用作非謂語(yǔ)，themanager是inform的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用-ed形式，故確定是informed；第一空確定了，第二空可根據(jù)固定搭配deservedoing（=deservetobedone）來(lái)選擇。故選D項(xiàng)。11.Theguidelinesaimtopreventthegrowingpracticeofyoungchildren________inawaythatpushesthembeyondwhatchildrenattheirageshouldlearn.A.educated B.toeducate C.beingeducated D.educating【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些指導(dǎo)方針旨在抑制目前不斷發(fā)展的迫使受教育兒童超前學(xué)習(xí)他們應(yīng)學(xué)內(nèi)容的教育方式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)為aimto，所以educate在句中應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)形式。邏輯主語(yǔ)children與

educate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。結(jié)合“目前”可知是“正在接受教育的方式”，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone。故選C。12.Deepintothenight,thethiefsuccessfully________outofthegallery________.A.slipped;unnoticed B.slid;unnoticedlyC.slipped;unnoticedly D.slid;unnoticed【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：深夜，小偷成功地溜出了畫(huà)廊，沒(méi)有引起任何人的注意。slipoutof溜出，溜走；slide多指悄悄地滑動(dòng)。unnoticed在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)thethief之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故選A。13.It________myteacherwhosuggestedthatI________toworkoutwhatmajorIwouldliketochoose.A.is;hadstarted B.was;startC.is;start D.was;hadstarted【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：是我的老師建議我開(kāi)始考慮我想選什么專業(yè)。主句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其它部分，陳述過(guò)去事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞suggest作為“建議”之意，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。故選B。14._________withheavyloadsofteaching_________helaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu．A.Sotiredwastheteacher；that B.Theteacherwassotired；whichC.Tiredastheteacher；that D.Suchwasthetiredteacher；which【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查so…that句型與倒裝。句意：教學(xué)任務(wù)不堪重負(fù)，這位老師很快就成了流感的目標(biāo)。在so…that句型中，當(dāng)so+形容詞位于句首時(shí)，要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，故A項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】本題的難度較大，注意在so…that句型中，當(dāng)so+形容詞位于句首時(shí)，要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是：Theteacherwassotiredwithheavyloadsofteachingthathelaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu.15.Ifyou____herehalfanhourago,youwouldhaveknownwhatweweretalkingabout.A.arrived B.hadarrived C.shouldarrive D.wouldarrive【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果你半小時(shí)前到達(dá)這里，你就知道我們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么了。結(jié)合后文halfanhourago可知，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用would(should,could,might)+have+過(guò)去分詞，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】if虛擬條件句和對(duì)應(yīng)主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)(was→were)would/could/might/shoulddo與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)(was→were);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過(guò)一些短語(yǔ)等形式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的存在，常用的詞語(yǔ)有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or，even,incaseof,whatif(如果…將如何)等等，這種句子往往有主句而無(wú)從句(考試時(shí)多數(shù)情況是對(duì)過(guò)去的假。但是可以轉(zhuǎn)化成if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。分析句子可知，本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。從句為：IfIhadnothadyourrecommendation,主句為：Iwouldhavemissedit。故C選項(xiàng)正確。三、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，每小題2.5分，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyoumissedthebestbookslastyear,there’stimetocatchupbetweennewreleases.FourHundredSoulsAuniquecollection,FourHundredSoulsisanewwaytolearnhistory.NinetyAfricanAmericanwriterseachwrotethe400-yearhistoryusingafive-yearperiod.Eachwriterchosetheirownmethodrangingfromshortstoriestosharparguments.TheworkswereeditedbyX.KendiandN.Blain.Readtogether,it’sastoryofhistoryfrom1619toldthroughvaryingperspectivesandstyles.SetBoundaries,FindPeaceFromthedeskoflicensedcousultantandrelationshipexpertTawwab,SetBoundaries,FindPeaceshouldberequiredreadingforeverypeople-pleaser.Theguidedefinestheterm“healthyboundaries”withinthecontextofrealcommunicationandbackedbyresearchandbestpracticesincognitivebehavioraltherapy(認(rèn)知行為療法).Itisamust-readfortheoverburdenedwork-from-homeemployeesalwaysworking.HarlemShuffleFromPulitzerPrize-winningauthorWhitehead,HarlemShuffleisahistoricalfictionnovelsetin1960sHarlem.TheinitialimpressionisacrimenovelagainstthebackgroundofhistoricNewYorkCity.Butasthepagesturn,theunderlyingfamilystoryrevealscommentaryonmoralityandsocialpower.Withthepaceofacrimenovelandthedepthofapsychologyessay,it’sabookthat’ssuretokeepyougoingonceyougetintoit.TheOtherBlackGirlWithatelevisionadaptationwithHulualreadysigned,TheOtherBlackGirl,thefirstnovelfromNewYorkauthorHarris,issetinasharedworkplacewheretwoblackcolleaguesfaceincreasinglytenseconditionsthatrapidlythreatenmorethantheircareers.Theworkisquick-pacedandsurprisingtheentirewaywithdarkcomedyaboutworkplacepolitics.16.WhatisspecialaboutFourHundredSouls?A.Ittakes400yearstofinish.B.Itisacollectionofartworks.C.Ittellshistoryfromdiverseangles.D.Itisareflectionoftheentirehistory.17.Whichbookdealswithmoralissues?A.FourHundredSouls. B.SetBoundaries,FindPeace.C.HarlemShuffle. D.TheOtherBlackGirl.18.WhatdoSetBoundaries,FindPeaceandTheOtherBlackGirlhaveincommon?A.Theyarerelatedtoworkplaceburden.B.Theyareaboutracialdiscrimination.C.Theyareinthestyleofdarkcomedy.D.Theyarebasedonthenewresearch.【答案】16.C17.C18.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本剛剛發(fā)布的新書(shū)。【16題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FourHundredSouls部分中的“Readtogether,it’sastoryofhistoryfrom1619toldthroughvaryingperspectivesandstyles.(通讀起來(lái)，這是一個(gè)通過(guò)不同的視角和風(fēng)格講述從1619年開(kāi)始的歷史故事)”可知，這是一本從各個(gè)角度講述歷史故事的書(shū)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HarlemShuffle部分中的“Butasthepagesturn,theunderlyingfamilystoryrevealscommentaryonmoralityandsocialpower.(但隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展，這個(gè)家庭故事揭示了對(duì)道德和社會(huì)權(quán)力的評(píng)論)”可知，HarlemShuffle這本書(shū)講述了道德問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SetBoundaries,FindPeace部分中的“Itisamust-readfortheoverburdenedwork-from-homeemployeesalwaysworking.(對(duì)于負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的在家工作的員工來(lái)說(shuō)，這本書(shū)是必讀的)”以及TheOtherBlackGirl部分中的“Theworkisquick-pacedandsurprisingtheentirewaywithdarkcomedyaboutworkplacepolitics.(這部電影節(jié)奏緊湊，充滿了關(guān)于職場(chǎng)政治的黑色喜劇，讓人驚喜不已)”可知，這兩本書(shū)都提到了職場(chǎng)壓力。故選A項(xiàng)。BAteleven,Idecidedtolearntoswim.TherewasapoolattheY.M.C.A.offeringexactlytheopportunity.Mothercontinuallywarnedagainstit,andkeptfreshinmymindthedetailsofeachdrowningintheriver.ButtheY.M.C.A.poolwassafe.Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.Thepoolwasquiet.Iwasafraidofgoinginallalone,soIsatonthesideofthepooltowaitforothers.Thencameabigboy.Heyelled,"Hi,Skinny!How'dyouliketobeducked?"Withthathepickedmeupandthrewmeintothedeepend.Ilandedinasittingposition,andswallowedwater.ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits-whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjump,comeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.ThenIopenedmyeyesandsawnothingbutwater.Itriedtoyellbutnosoundcameout.Iwentdown,down,endlessly.WhenIcametoconsciousness,Ifoundmyselflyingonthebedinthehospital.Ineverwentbacktothepool.IavoidedwaterwheneverIcould.Thismisadventurestayedwithmeastheyearsrolledby.Itdeprivedmeofthejoyofboatingandswimming.Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,butIwasnot.Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.ThiswentonuntilJuly.IswamacrosstheLakeWentworth.Onlyoncedidtheterrorreturn.WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?"Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.19.Theauthor'soriginalfearofwaterwascausedby__________.A.hispoorskillinswimmingB.hismother'swarningofdrowningC.anoutingtothebeachwithhisfatherD.anunpleasantmemoryofthepool20Whywastheauthornotscaredtodeathwhenhewasthrownintothewater?A.Heknewhowtoswiminthepool.B.HefeltthattheY.M.C.A.poolwassafe.C.Hewaswaitingforotherstosavehim.D.Hecameupwithanideatogoupwards.21.By"butIwasnot"inparagraph5,theauthorprobablymeans"A.hewasstillapoorswimmerB.hehadnotovercomethefearyetC.hewasnotafraidofdrowninganymoreD.hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeswimmingtraining22.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Goodbye,Mr.TerrorB.Hello,ChildhoodFearC.ASwimmingAdventureD.MyPassionforSwimming【答案】19.C20.D21.B22.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者小時(shí)候和父親去海灘的遭遇使作者開(kāi)始害怕水，直到自己游過(guò)溫特沃思湖時(shí)，才克服對(duì)水的恐懼的經(jīng)歷?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.”我從小就害怕水。從我三歲開(kāi)始，父親帶我去海灘。巨浪把我擊倒，席卷了我。由此可知，我是小時(shí)候和父親一起去海灘的遭遇使我開(kāi)始害怕水，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits-whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjump,comeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.”但我并沒(méi)有被嚇得驚慌失措——當(dāng)我的腳碰到地的時(shí)候，我會(huì)做一個(gè)大的跳躍，跳出水面。好像有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走。當(dāng)我著陸時(shí)，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一個(gè)我認(rèn)為是一個(gè)巨大的向上的跳躍?？梢酝茢喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他沒(méi)有害怕，故選D。【21題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,”最后，我決定找個(gè)教練員。他一個(gè)接一個(gè)地造就了游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。幾個(gè)月后，教練指導(dǎo)完成了，butIwasnot表示轉(zhuǎn)折，再根據(jù)下文，“Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.”有時(shí)恐怖還會(huì)重來(lái)，由此推斷butIwasnot意為我還沒(méi)有克服恐懼。故選B?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?"Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.”當(dāng)我在湖中央時(shí)，我把臉?lè)旁谙旅?，只看到無(wú)底的水。我笑著說(shuō)：“好吧，恐怖先生，你認(rèn)為你能對(duì)我做什么？”我克服了對(duì)水的恐懼。再結(jié)合文章，可知作者主要對(duì)自己從小害怕水又到克服水的經(jīng)歷的描述。主題應(yīng)該是克服對(duì)水的恐懼。A選項(xiàng)符合文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題，故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】標(biāo)題猜測(cè)題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標(biāo)題應(yīng)位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，或句子。確定文章標(biāo)題，第一，標(biāo)題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；第三，標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太小；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)新穎，概括性強(qiáng)并且精煉。小題4中A選項(xiàng)概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選A。CResearchersattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCentermappedbrainchangesafterayearofaerobicworkoutsanduncoveredapotentiallysignificantprocess:Exerciseincreasesbloodflowintotwokeyareasofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDisease,showedthisbloodflowcanhelpevenolderpeoplewithmemoryissuesimprovecognition,afindingthatcouldguidefutureAlzheimer'sdiseaseresearch,accordingtoUTSouthwesternMedicalCenter.Inthestudy,researchersfollowed30participantswhowere60orolderandhadmemoryproblems.Halfexperiencedayearofaerobicexercisewhiletheotherhalfdidstretches.“We'veshownthatevenwhenyourmemorystartstofade,youcanstilldosomethingaboutitbyaddingaerobicexercisetoyourlifestyle,"saidBinuThomas,aseniorresearchscientistofUTSouthwesternMedicalCenterwholedthestudy."Theaerobicexercisegroupshoweda47%improvementinsomememoryscoresafterayear;theothergroupshowedslightchange.Brainimagingoftheaerobicexercisegroup,takenwhileatrestatthebeginningandendofthestudy,showedincreasedbloodflewintothespecificbrainareasthatplayedimportantrolesinmemoryfunction."Manyteamsacrosstheworldaretryingtodetermineifaerobicexercisemightfightmemoryloss.EvidenceisgrowingthatitcouldatleastplayasmallroleindelayingorreducingtheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.Forexample,a2018studyshowedthatpeoplewithlowerfitnesslevelsexperiencedfasterretrogressionofvitalnervefibersinthebraincalledwhitematterrelatedtomemory.“Bloodflowinthebrainconnectedwithmemoryimprovementisstillapartofthepuzzle,andweneedtocontinuepiecingittogether,"Thomassays."Butwe'veseenenoughdatetoknowthatstartingafitnessprogramcanhavelifelongbenefitsforourbrainsaswellasourhearts."23.Whatisthestudymainlyabout?AOldpeoplehavememoryissues. B.Exerciseimprovesmemory.C.Aerobicworkoutsbenefitmentalhealth. D.Alzheimer'sdiseasecanbecured.24.Whathappenedtoparticipantsafterone-yearaerobicexercise?A.Earliermemorieswererefreshed. B.Memoryscoresshowedverysmallchange.C.Brainimagingremainedthesame. D.Morebloodflewintomemory-relatedareas.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrogression“meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Growth. B.Recovery. C.Decline. D.Extension.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Furtherresearchworkrequiresdoing. B.Morepeopleexperiencememoryloss.C.Mysteryofbrainbloodflowhasbeensolved. D.Signsofmemorylosscanbediscoveredearlier.【答案】23.B24.D25.C26.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)鍛煉增加了大腦中與記憶相關(guān)的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的血液流量，研究表明，這種血液流動(dòng)甚至可以幫助有記憶問(wèn)題的老年人改善認(rèn)知能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以指導(dǎo)未來(lái)的阿爾茨海默病研究。文章介紹了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及研究重要意義。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCentermappedbrainchangesafterayearofaerobicworkoutsanduncoveredapotentiallysignificantprocess:Exerciseincreasesbloodflowintotwokeyareasofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.(德克薩斯大學(xué)西南醫(yī)學(xué)中心的研究人員繪制了一年有氧鍛煉后大腦的變化圖，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)潛在的重要過(guò)程：鍛煉增加了大腦中與記憶相關(guān)的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的血液流量)”以及第二段“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDisease,showedthisbloodflowcanhelpevenolderpeoplewithmemoryissuesimprovecognition,afindingthatcouldguidefutureAlzheimer'sdiseaseresearch,accordingtoUTSouthwesternMedicalCenter.(據(jù)德克薩斯大學(xué)西南醫(yī)學(xué)中心稱，這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《阿爾茨海默病雜志》上的研究表明，這種血液流動(dòng)甚至可以幫助有記憶問(wèn)題的老年人改善認(rèn)知能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以指導(dǎo)未來(lái)的阿爾茨海默病研究)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的主要內(nèi)容是鍛煉提高記憶力。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Brainimagingoftheaerobicexercisegroup,takenwhileatrestatthebeginningandendofthestudy,showedincreasedbloodflewintothespecificbrainareasthatplayedimportantrolesinmemoryfunction.(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)組在研究開(kāi)始和結(jié)束時(shí)休息時(shí)進(jìn)行的大腦成像顯示，增加的血液流入了對(duì)記憶功能起重要作用的大腦特定區(qū)域)”可知，參與者經(jīng)過(guò)一年的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)后，更多的血液流入與記憶相關(guān)的區(qū)域。故選D。【25題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyteamsacrosstheworldaretryingtodetermineifaerobicexercisemightfightmemoryloss.EvidenceisgrowingthatitcouldatleastplayasmallroleindelayingorreducingtheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.(世界各地的許多團(tuán)隊(duì)都在試圖確定有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是否可以對(duì)抗記憶喪失。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，它至少可以在延緩或降低阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面發(fā)揮一點(diǎn)作用)”；畫(huà)線詞上文“a2018studyshowedthatpeoplewithlowerfitnesslevelsexperiencedfaster”以及后文“ofvitalnervefibersinthebraincalledwhitematterrelatedtomemory.”可知，2018年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，健康水平較低的人大腦中重要神經(jīng)纖維（與記憶有關(guān)的白質(zhì)）衰退得更快，故畫(huà)線詞意思是“衰退”。A.Growth.增長(zhǎng)；B.Recovery.恢復(fù)；C.Decline.下降，衰退；D.Extension.延伸。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Bloodflowinthebrainconnectedwithmemoryimprovementisstillapartofthepuzzle,andweneedtocontinuepiecingittogether,"Thomassays.(托馬斯說(shuō)：“大腦中的血液流動(dòng)與記憶改善有關(guān)，這仍然是謎題的一部分，我們需要繼續(xù)把它們拼湊起來(lái)?！?”可推知，需要做進(jìn)一步的研究工作。故選A。DWiththeseincreasedpressuresanddifficultyinensuringagraduatejobmorepeopleareturningtorecruitment(招聘)agenciesforhelp.LukeHarperwrotefortheIndependentwarningstudentstobecautiouswhenusinggraduaterecruitmentagenciesintheirjobhunt.Thearticle’smainargumentagainstgraduaterecruitmentagenciesisthattheyarelookingtosignpeopleuptotheagencyandharvestdata,withouthavinganyrealintentiontopersonallyfindthemajob.Thefundamentalproblemwiththisapproachisabasicmisunderstandingofhowtherecruitmentsectorworks.Oneofthemorecommonwaysisthatrecruitmentagenciesaimtofindyouajobtosecureafeefromtheirclients.Recruitmentagenciesoperateasabusiness,notacareersserviceandarenotexpectedtofindyouajobwhileyouwaitaround.ThereisnodenyingthatamongsttherecruitmentagenciestherearesomeCV(簡(jiǎn)歷)hungry,cutandshutagenciesthatareuninterestedinthecandidatestheyhaveontheirbooks.However,nowadaystheseareintheminorityanddon’ttendtolastverylong.PaulFarrer,ChiefExecutiveofaleadingrecruitmentagencyisworriedthatafewbadapplesareruiningthereputationofwhatisanexcellentsector.Farrersaid“Thetroublewithsuchanimbalancedandmisleadingarticleisthatsomegraduatesmaynowbeputoffapproachingrecruitmentagencieswhomaywellbeabletohelpthem.”P(pán)rofessionalsintheindustryarecautiousofhowsomeofthelessrespectableagenciesoperate.Earnestrecruitersbelievethatgraduatesshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheseagencieswilltakeongraduatesforalltheirdetailsratherthanhelpingthemfindajob,likeHarpermentioned.Tofightthis,Farraradvisesthat“Graduatesshouldhaveasimplechecklistbeforeapproachinganyagency.Hastheagencytakenthetimetotalktome?Havetheyinvitedmetoaface-to-facemeeting?HavetheyguaranteednottoforwardmyCVtoanyemployerwithoutmypermission?Thesethreestepswillsafeguardeveryapplication.”Farreralsopointedoutthatthatisnottheonlysafetynetthatgraduatescanrelyon.Hesaid“GraduatescanalsochecktoseeiftheagenciesaremembersofeitherAPSCoortheREC,thetwotradebodiestheycanmakeanofficialcomplaintto.Thevastmajorityofrecruitmentagenciesareprofessionalorganizationsthathelpplacethousandsofgraduateseveryyearandpoorlyresearchedarticleshelpnoone.”27.Themainpurposeofthispassageis______graduaterecruitmentagencies.A.toadvisereaderstobecautiousofB.toargueagainstsomemisjudgmentagainstC.toexplainwhythereisaprejudiceagainstD.toseekthesolutionstotheproblemscausedby28.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A.LukeHarperholdsthesameideaaboutjobswithPaulFarrer.B.Recruitmentagenciesactuallydothesameworkasacareersservice.C.Jobhunters’detailedinformationisofvaluetorecruitmentagencies.D.AmemberofAPSCoortheRECwillnotcheatitsclients.29.WhatadvicedoesPaulFarrergivegraduatestoavoidlessrespectableagencies?A.Consultingprofessionalsbeforegivingtheirpersonaldetailstoanagency.B.Makingaface-to-faceinvestigationintoanagencybeforeapproachingit.C.GuaranteeingthattheagencywillnotforwardtheirCVtoanyemployer.D.Selectingsomeagenciesthataremonitoredbyofficialtradebodies.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsgraduaterecruitmentagencies?A.Neutral. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.NotClear.【答案】27.B28.C29.D30.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章批判了一些招聘機(jī)構(gòu)不對(duì)應(yīng)聘者負(fù)責(zé)，只是收集他們的私人信息，并建議畢業(yè)生也要檢查看看招聘機(jī)構(gòu)是不是正規(guī)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thearticle’smainargumentagainstgraduaterecruitmentagenciesisthattheyarelookingtosignpeopleuptotheagencyandharvestdata,withouthavinganyrealintentiontopersonallyfindthemajob.(這篇文章反對(duì)畢業(yè)生招聘機(jī)構(gòu)的主要論點(diǎn)是，他們只是想讓人們簽約，收集數(shù)據(jù)，而沒(méi)有任何親自為他們找到工作的真正意圖)”可知，這篇文章的主要目的是反對(duì)一些對(duì)畢業(yè)生招聘機(jī)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤判斷。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Earnestrecruitersbelievethatgraduatesshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheseagencieswilltakeongraduatesforalltheirdetailsratherthanhelpingthemfindajob,likeHarpermentioned.(認(rèn)真的招聘人員認(rèn)為，畢業(yè)生應(yīng)該意識(shí)到，有些中介會(huì)根據(jù)畢業(yè)生的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)招聘他們，而不是像哈珀提到的那樣幫助他們找到工作)”可知，求職者的詳細(xì)信息對(duì)招聘機(jī)構(gòu)很有價(jià)值。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“GraduatescanalsochecktoseeiftheagenciesaremembersofeitherAPSCoortheREC,thetwotradebodiestheycanmakeanofficialcomplaintto.Thevastmajorityofrecruitmentagenciesareprofessionalorganizationsthathelpplacethousandsofgraduateseveryyearandpoorlyresearchedarticleshelpnoone.(畢業(yè)生亦可查詢有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)是否屬APSCo或REC的成員，他們可向這兩個(gè)貿(mào)易團(tuán)體提出正式投訴。絕大多數(shù)的招聘機(jī)構(gòu)都是專業(yè)的組織，每年都幫助成千上萬(wàn)的畢業(yè)生，而研究不足的文章對(duì)任何人都沒(méi)有幫助)”可知，保羅·法瑞爾認(rèn)為，畢業(yè)生應(yīng)該選擇一些由官方行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管的中介機(jī)構(gòu)，以避免不那么受人尊敬的中介機(jī)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,nowadaystheseareintheminorityanddon’ttendtolastverylong.(然而現(xiàn)在這樣的不良機(jī)構(gòu)畢竟是少數(shù)，而且都不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久)”可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)畢業(yè)生招聘機(jī)構(gòu)持積極的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)閱讀填空（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）RichandFamousTwentyyearsagothemostcommonambitionofAmericanchildrenwastobeateacher,followedbyworkinginbankingandfinance,andthenmedicine.Buttoday’ssituationisquitedifferent.____31____.Instead,theymostcommonlysaytheywanttobeasportsstar,apopstar,oranactor—inotherwords,theyhopetobecomeacelebrity.Accordingtoexperts,youngpeopledesirethesejobslargelybecauseofthewealthandthefame.____32____.Let’stakeathletesandsingersasanexample.Manyathletes’besttimeonlylastsafewyearsandsingerscanhaveaverylimitedcareer.Thefieldthatwasoncethefocusoftheirlivesbecomessomethingtheyhavelittleornoinvolvementin.Asaresult,they’llhaveafeelingofworthlessnessandalackofcontrol.Besides,itcanbedifficultforthemtoadaptbacktoanormaleverydaylife.____33____Theyarenotsatisfiedwithjustmakingaliving—theywanttoberichandfamous.Globally,moreandmoreTVshowsprovidetalentcompetitionswherewinnerscanachievetheirgoalsinjustafewweeksormonths.Thisquickwayofgainingwealthandfamecreatesacelebritycultureamongpeople.____34____Whilemanypeoplearguethatthereisnothingwrongwithhavingsuchambitions,othersfeelthatthistrendwillfinallyleadtodissatisfactionasmoreandmorepeopleareunabletoreachtheirgoals.____35____Thatmeanstheyignorethesimplefactthatgreateffortisneededbeforesuccess.Asaresult,manypeoplewon’trealizetheirchildhooddreams,whichcouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirhappiness.A.Theydon’tvaluetalentsanymore.B.Nowadaystheyoungergenerationpreferexcitement.C.Theyoungergenerationdon’tfavortheseprofessionsanymore.D.Unfortunately,theydonotalwayshaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slife.E.Thereasonisthattheydon’trealizeittakestalentandhardworktoberichandfamous.F.Evenso,thereisgreaterambitionthaneveramongyoungpeopletoachievethatstatus.G.Theyunrealisticallybelievethatthislifestyleiseasilyobtainedandleadstogreatsatisfaction.【答案】31.C32.D33.F34.G35.E【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)在美國(guó)兒童心目中向往職業(yè)的變化過(guò)程，變化原因和其現(xiàn)實(shí)性。【31題詳解】前文"TwentyyearsagothemostcommonambitionofAmericanchildrenwastobeateache，followedbyworkinginbankingandfinance，andthenmedicine."（20年前，美國(guó)孩子最普遍的抱負(fù)是當(dāng)一名教師，然后是在銀行和金融業(yè)工作，然后是醫(yī)學(xué)。）講述了20年前美國(guó)兒童心目中向往的職業(yè)；根據(jù)設(shè)空前的“Buttoday’ssituationisquitedifferent.”（但今天的情況完全不同。）可推斷，現(xiàn)在的年輕人的抱負(fù)發(fā)生了改變；C選項(xiàng)年輕一代不再喜歡這些職業(yè)了”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?2題詳解】前文"Accordingtoexperts，youngpeopledesirethesejobslargelybecauseofthewealthandthefame"(據(jù)專家表示，年輕人渴望這些工作很大程度上是因?yàn)樨?cái)富和名聲)說(shuō)明了年輕人選擇這些職業(yè)的原因；后文“Let’stakeathletesandsingersasanexample.Manyathletes’besttimeonlylastsafewyearsandsingerscanhaveaverylimitedcareer.”（讓我們以運(yùn)動(dòng)員和歌手為例。許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員的最佳時(shí)期只持續(xù)幾年，歌手的職業(yè)生涯也很有限。）舉例說(shuō)明了這些職業(yè)并不總是那么光鮮，也有其局限性；D選項(xiàng)“不幸的是，他們并不總是對(duì)人們的生活產(chǎn)生積極的影響?！笔菍?duì)上句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，they與thewealthandthefame對(duì)應(yīng)；且下文運(yùn)動(dòng)員和歌手的例子也驗(yàn)證了D選項(xiàng)要表達(dá)的意思。故選D。【33題詳解】前文“Asaresult,they’llhaveafeelingofworthlessnessandalackofcontrol.Besides,itcanbedifficultforthemtoadaptbacktoanormaleverydaylife.”（因此，他們會(huì)有一種自己毫無(wú)價(jià)值和缺乏控制的感覺(jué)。此外，他們很難適應(yīng)正常的日常生活。）說(shuō)明了運(yùn)動(dòng)員歌手這些職業(yè)的負(fù)面影響；后文“Theyarenotsatisfiedwithjustmakingaliving—theywanttoberichandfamous.”（他們不滿足于僅僅謀生——他們想變得富有和出名。）說(shuō)明了年輕人的夢(mèng)想并沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化，他們?nèi)匀幌胱非筘?cái)富和名聲；F選項(xiàng)“即便如此，年輕人也比以往任何時(shí)候都有更大的野心去獲得這種地位?！敝械膕o與前文這些職業(yè)的負(fù)面影響對(duì)應(yīng)，ambition與后文的berichandfamous對(duì)應(yīng)，所以F選項(xiàng)起到了承上啟下的作用。故選