選必二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 單元綜合練習（解析版）

第06講Unit1Scienceandscientists【學習目標】復習Unit1重點單詞、短語、句型二．復習Unit1語法（表語從句）寫作（重視科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展）課內(nèi)知識回饋課內(nèi)知識回饋一Cholerausedtobeoneofthemost

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(fear)diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea,dehydration,and

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death.Intheearly19th

century,

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anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame

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(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,he

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(rise)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoria

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shegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo

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(contradiction)theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

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wasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed

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thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.

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(consequence),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1845,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere

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morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdetermined

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(find)outwhy.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces

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allthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple

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(dead)nearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).

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,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeople

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(work)inthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfrom

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pump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwas

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(blame).Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.It

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(seem)thatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit

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(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofhisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater

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(carry)choleragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepump

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(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthis

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(intervene),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.The

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(true)wasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump

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(infect)bywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.Somecompanies

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(sell)waterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewho

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(drink)thiswaterweremuchmorelikely

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(get)cholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.【答案】1.feared;2.even;3.when;4.frustrated;5.rose;6.when;7.contradictory;8.Another;9.to;10.Consequently;11.that;12.tofind;13.where;14.deaths;15.However;16.worked;17.the;18.toblame;19.seemed;20.delivered;21.carried;22.removed;23.intervention;24.truth;25.hadbeeninfected;26.sold;27.drank;28.toget二Intheearly19thcentury,1._______aseverecholerahitEurope，JohnSnowbecame2._______(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.3._____heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera4._______(cause)byan5._______(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby6._______(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As7._____result，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater8._______(carry)choleragerms.9.______(according)，hehadthehandleofthepump10.______(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.【答案】1.when2frustrated3But4wascaused5infection6marking7a8carried9Accordingly10removed詞匯短語過關(guān)斬將1.initialadj.最初的；開始的；第一的→initiallyadv.最初地2．subscribevi.認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)→subscriptionn.訂閱；會員費→subscriben.訂戶；訂閱者3．transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變→transformationn.(徹底的)變化，改觀，轉(zhuǎn)變4．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defence/defensen.保護；防御→defensiveadj.防御性的5．a(chǎn)ssistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.幫助→assistv.幫助6．giftedadj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的→giftn.天賦；禮物7．a(chǎn)stronomern.天文學家→astronomyn.天文學→astronautn.宇航員8．proofn.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→provev.證明；證實linkv.證明是9.pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purelyadv.僅僅；完全→purifyvt.凈化；使純凈→purityn.純凈；純潔10．severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的→severelyadv.極為惡劣地；十分嚴重地；嚴厲地11．vividadj.生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividlyadv.生動地；鮮明地；豐富地12．frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratev.使懊喪；使懊惱；使沮喪→frustrationn.懊喪；懊惱；沮喪13．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的→eq\a\vs4\al(contradiction)n.(事實、看法、行動等的)不一致，矛盾→contradictv.反駁；駁斥；批駁14．thinkingn.思想；思維；見解→thinkv.考慮；認為→eq\a\vs4\al(thinker)n.思想家15．findingn.發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決→findv.找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)拓展單詞精準變形16.infectionn.感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→eq\a\vs4\al(infectious)adj.傳染性的→infectedadj.受感染的17．interventionn.介入；出面；干涉→intervenev.出面；介入；插嘴18．mechanicaladj.機械的；發(fā)動機的；機器的→mechanicn.機械師；機械修理工→machinen.機器；設(shè)備19.steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地；平穩(wěn)地；穩(wěn)步地→(反)unsteadyadj.不穩(wěn)定的；不平穩(wěn)的；不穩(wěn)步的20．leadershipn.領(lǐng)導；領(lǐng)導地位；領(lǐng)導才能→leadern.領(lǐng)導→leadv.引路；引領(lǐng)；領(lǐng)先→leadingadj.領(lǐng)先的；前列的二．重點短語1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地2．subscribeto同意；贊同3．thanksto幸虧；由于4．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)7．a(chǎn)boveall最重要的是；尤其是基礎(chǔ)句法精益求精1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)尤其在兩條街道上的霍亂爆發(fā)是如此嚴重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。3．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他讓人把水泵的把手去掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。4．BorninHangzhouin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.錢學森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上學，后來考入上海交通大學，學習鐵道機械工程。5．Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他愿意說出別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢?；A(chǔ)語法披荊斬棘表語從句[觀察例句]1．Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.2．Thequestioniswhowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.3．HerconfusioniswhethersheshouldsticktoherownwayoflifeorfollowtheAmericanway.4．WhatJohnSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854outbreakofcholerainLondoncouldhavecausedover500deathswithintendays.5．Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadiswhatisgenerallycalledagapyear.[歸納用法]1．所有例句中的黑體部分都位于系動詞be后，作表語，故都是表語從句，這些表語從句在詞性上相當于一個名詞。2．例1由從屬連詞that引導；例2由連接代詞who引導；例3由從屬連詞whether引導；例4由連接副詞why引導；例5由連接代詞what引導。表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語。表語從句就是指一個句子作為表語，說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋系動詞＋表語從句”。可接表語從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。1．從屬連詞that引導的表語從句從屬連詞that的用法：①無意義②不充當成分③不可省略Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn'tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他沒接到通知。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建議是我們應該告訴他。2．從屬連詞whether引導的表語從句Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.關(guān)鍵在于我們是否應該借錢給他。[名師點津]if不能引導表語從句。3．連接代詞和連接副詞引導的表語從句Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.問題是誰才真正適合做這份艱苦的工作。ThisiswhatIaminterestedin.這就是我所感興趣的。That'swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。4．because，asif/though等引導的表語從句It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.這僅僅是因為他不認識她。NowitseemsasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.現(xiàn)在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.聽起來好像有人在敲門。[即學即練1]用where，when，that填空①Lookatthehighmountain.Thatiswewillget.②Thefirsttimewemeteachotherwaswestudiedinthatschool.③Myadviceiswe(should)worktogether.【答案】1.where2.when3.that5．why和because引導的表語從句的區(qū)別That'swhy...意為“那是……的原因”，強調(diào)結(jié)果That'sbecause...意為“那是因為……”，強調(diào)原因Ididn'tphoneher，andthat'swhyshegotangrywithme.(強調(diào)“沒打電話”這一結(jié)果)我沒有給她打電話。那就是她對我生氣的原因。Ididn'tphoneher，andthat'sbecauseIgotangrywithher.(強調(diào)“生氣”這一原因)我沒有給她打電話。那是因為我生她的氣了。[名師點津]reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，不宜用because。6．表語從句中的虛擬語氣在表語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，從句謂語形式是“should＋動詞原形”(should可以省略)。Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建議是你應該盡可能經(jīng)常地練習說英語。[即學即練2]用why，that，because填空①Itwasraininghard；thatwasIcamelate.②Icamelate；thatwasitwasraininghard.③ThereasonwhyIcamelatewasitwasraininghard.【答案】1.why2.because3.thatⅠ.單句語法填空1．Hegotcaughtintheheavytraffic.Thatwashewaslate.2．Energyismakesthingswork.3．Wedidn'tsetout；itwaswewantedtowaituntilourmothercameback.4．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.5．Ashipinharborissafe，butthat'snotshipsarebuiltfor.6．ThetroubleisIcan'tfindmyway.7．Whathewantstoknowiswecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.8．ThereasonwhyIwassadwashedidn'tunderstandme.9．Thatiswearelookingforwardto.10．Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou，foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.【答案】1.why2.what3.because4.that5.what6.that7.whether8.that9.what10.howⅡ.完成句子1．簡再也不是十年前的那個樣子了。Janeisnolongertenyearsago.2．我獲悉了你對英語校報的改革方案，那就是為什么我寫信發(fā)表我自己觀點的原因。IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper，andthat's．3．問題是他們是否能幫我們。Thequestionis．4．那是因為他沒有理解我。Thatwas．5．事實就是我們隊已經(jīng)贏得了比賽。Thefactis．【答案】1.whatshewas2.whyI'mwritingtovoicemyopinion3.whethertheywillbeabletohelpus4.becausehedidn'tunderstandme5.thatourteamhaswonthegame基礎(chǔ)寫作揚帆起航每年，國家科學技術(shù)獎勵大會都會在北京人民大會堂隆重舉行，屆時黨和國家領(lǐng)導人會為獲獎的科學家頒獎。請你圍繞以下要點談?wù)勀愕膫€人看法。1．黨和政府為什么如此重視科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展；2．作為一名高中生，你應該如何去做。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．短文要求包含所有要點，但不要逐條翻譯；3．可以適當增加細節(jié)以使行文連貫；4．開頭已為你寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。Everyyear，theNationalScience-TechnologyAwardCeremonyisheldintheGreatHallofthePeople.[參考范文]Everyyear，theNationalScience-TechnologyAwardCeremonyisheldintheGreatHallofthePeople.Atthattime，thetopleadersofourcountryawardmedalstoscientistswhoachievethosegoals.It'sclearthatthegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoscienceandtechnology.There'snodoubtthatscienceandtechnologyplayavitalpartinacountry'sdevelopment.Thosewhoreceivetheawardsdeservethembecause，throughyearsofhardwork，theyhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstoourcountry.Chinaneedsmorescientistsandinventorslikethem.Asaseniorschoolstudent，I'lltrymybesttolearnallmysubjectswellsoastoservethesocietyaswellasourcountry.【過關(guān)檢測】單詞拼寫。Itisassumedthatthecountrywillface______________(嚴重的)economicproblemsduetothenaturaldisasters.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinturn_______________(感染)otherstudents.Iamfirmlyconvincedthatthese______________(證據(jù))canprovethatthismaniscloselyconnectedwithcrime.Inreality,Susanadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinthe______________(家庭),eventhoughsheknowsitdriveshermothercrazy.Exercisingisessentialtoeverybodybecauseitmakesyoumoreawakeandreadyto_____________(處理)whateverisaheadofyoufortheday.Isthereproofthat_________________(生的)vegetablesandfruitwillcontainthemostnutrientsbecausecookingcanremovesomenutrients?Inmuchoftheanimalsworld,nightisthetimeentirelysetasideforsleep_____________(純粹)andsimple.Ofthetwo_____________(矛盾的)aspects,onemustbeprincipalandtheothersecondary.Itisunexpectedthatthepolicesearchedthe_____________(犯罪嫌疑人)butfoundnobombsonhim.Heconvincedusthathesuffered__________________(數(shù)量多的)injuriesintheaccident.Thankstoyourhelp,itlookslikethey’recomingaroundtoourwayof_____________(思考).Thematerial,madefromshrimpshellsand_____________(蛋白質(zhì))producedfromsilk,isinshortage.Ignoringtheessentialdifferencebetweenthetworesearch_____________(發(fā)現(xiàn))willbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.Afteran______________(最初的)struggle,hefoundhissymptomswerestrangelydecreasedbyhisdailytiringjourney.Measles(麻疹),whichoncewaswidespread,wasnearlywipedoutbytheuniversaluseoftheMMR_________________(疫苗).Myfirstthoughtwastofinda_________________(框架)forthestoryinsomeurbanscenes.The________________(細胞)istheunitofwhichalllivingorganismsarecomprisedof.Wouldtheevidencebe________________(可靠的)enoughtoconvinceajury?Inbothimages,whitecloudscasttheir_____________(陰影)ontothelandsurfacebelow.Bythetimethemechanicgotuptoleave,itwas______________(傾瀉)outside.Sometimesitmaybehelpfultouseexamplestoexplain_______________(抽象的)concepts.Teamworkisveryessentialastraineescanlearntheimportanceof________________(領(lǐng)導才能)andbeingpartofabiggertask.Ofthe_______________(杰出的)ladieslistedinthestatistics,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?Fromthebasic________________(具體的)ideastothemoreabstractproblems,heisamasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.Thousandsofpatrioticyoungmencameforward,willingto____________(保衛(wèi))theircountry.Itwashis_____________(聰穎的，杰出的)performanceinMyLeftFootthatestablishedhisreputation.MrBrownhasearnedthewidespreadrespectoffarmers,_____________(此外),theyknowtheycantrusthim.It’smy________________(過錯)Iforgottogivethemechanicthemessage.Mostnewspapershave______________(改變)theirgroundentirelyonthisissue.Itisassumedthatanytrueliverwho______________(投，拋)apinintothefountainandgazesintoitwillseehisorherfuturepartner.短語填空。subscribeto,be(more/less)likelyto,thanksto,decreaseby,onceandforall,be(not)inchargeof,findfaultwith,aboveall,comedownwith,breakout,indefenceofAfterovercomingthedifficulty,theteamproves____________________thattheyarethebest.Somescientists____________________theviewthattheincreaseintheearth’stemperatureisrootedintheburningoffossilfuels.Thefindingisthatinsomecases,students_____________________beinfluencedbythefriendsaroundthemthantheirteachers.Thedevotedmanwasrecommendedasmanagerofthebigcompany___________________therecommendationletterofhisprofessor.Accordingtothestatistics,thetrafficaccidentsinthiscity_________________30%lastyear.Ithinkmyassistantmaybe__________________acoldshecan’tstopsneezing.Thisdepartment___________________energyandIsuggestthatyourefertorelevantauthorities.Thosetwocelebritiesgotmarriedamonthamonthbeforethewar_____________________.Weconvinceourcustomersthatourgoodscompeteintermsofproductquality,reliabilityand_________________________variety.It’scharacteristicofhertospeakout_________________justice.Ifyoualwaystryto_______________others,itmeansthatyouhavegainedanothershortcoming.單句語法填空。Manybusinessstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthanks_____domesticcomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.Theprogrammewhichhewasdevotedtofailed,whichmadehimvery__________(frustrate).Welearntoprotectourselvesfromseverediseases,andalsoweshouldknowwhattodotoprevent_______________(infection)andsaveorprolonglives.It’sdifficultforpeoplewholiveinpovertytosubscribe___________newspaperstogetinformation.Totheterrorofeveryone,theyblewupagovernmentbuilding,whichgeneratedthewholeworld’sblame___________theiractofterrorism.Thereisnodoubtthatyourdiseaseislinked___________yourdietwhichisn’tadequateinnutrition.Thepresidentcameunderseverecriticismforhis_____________(handle)ofthecrisis.Themoderntechnologyhastransformedourcountryfromafarm-basedpovertysociety_______anindustrialpower.Iwasimpressedbytheway_________whichshetackledtheproblem.Wehurriedtotheairportonlytofindthattheplane__________(delay)duetothebadweather.Itisconvincedthatplayingping-pongcanonlybuild_________yourbodybutalsoshapeyourcharacter.Themedicalexpertwithhisassistantisseekingfortheeffectivemeasurestodeal______infections.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyour__________(think)isalsodisorderedandconfused.Thankstothemoderntechnology,scientistshavemadegreatadvances________spaceexploration.Research___________(find)haveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas“nightowls”andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas“earlybirds”.___________(initial),theprojectwillmainlyfocusonurbanareas,wheremostofthehumandeathshaveoccurred.Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuch_______theweather,whichmakeshimveryfrustrated.Onceyouaredeterminedtodevoteyourselftosomething,youmustgetdownto________(do)itwell.Wedidn’tfigureoutasolutiontothecrisisuntilmidnight.Thenweawoketobrightsunlight___________(pour)inthroughthewindow.Beforethefightbrokeout,twoofhisfriendscametohis____________(defend).Themusicianfeltfrustratedthathisonlysonwasnotmusically____________(gift).Afterhetookthemedicine,thepain____________(steady)decreasedinintensity.JohnSnow’swaystocontrolcholeraworked______________(brilliant).Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshift_________organicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Icanstill____________(vivid)remembermygrandfatherteachingmetohandleahorse.表語從句專練。Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtmetoalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.Thetroubleis_________Iamanxioustofindmymicroscope,butitisnowheretobefound.Petershowedmethatwhatmattersis_________youconveyyourownpassionsothatyouexciteotherpeople.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_________theinfectiondiseasecanbebroughtundercontrol.Thereason__________hefeltfrustratedwas_______hedidn’tattainhisgoal.Mysuggestionis_________weshouldtryourbesttomakeourdreambecomeareality.Thekeyis__________Icanfindavegetableoilrichinessentialfattyacids.Thedoctor’sadviceis_________youshouldbuildupyourstrength.Thequestionis___________willcometohelpusovercomethedifficulty.Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?Oh,that’s_____makesmefeelfrustrated.Seethesorghumandwheatinthebags?Thatwas________wedidthismorning.Thisis__________wefoundpositiveproof.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisis_________decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Therawmaterialsare___________youleftthem.WhatIcan’tunderstandis________thenumberofnewstudentsinourschoolhasdecreased.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwas_________itwasworthtrying.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitis_______itwereonlyyesterday.Thetroubleis__________Ilostthekeytomyroom.IfI’mabitsleepy,it’s_________Iwasupallright.Heisnolonger__________hewas.【答案】一．1.severe2.infect3.proofs4.household5.handle6.raw7.pure8.contradictory9.suspect10.multiple11.thinking12.proteins13.findings14.initial15.vaccine16.framework17.cell18.solid19.shadows20.pouringabstract22.leadership23.outstanding24.concrete25.defend26.brilliant27.Furthermore28.fault29.shifted30.casts二．1.onceandforall2.subscribeto3.aremorelikelyto4.thanksto5.decreasedbycomingdownwith7.isnotinchargeof8.brokeout9.aboveall10.indefenceof11.findfaultwith三．1.to2.frustrated3.infections4.to5.for6.to7.handling8.into9.in10.hadbeendelayed11.up12.with13.thinking14.in15.findings16.Initially17.on/upon18.doing19.pouring20.defence21.gifted22.steadily23.brilliantly24.to25.vividly四．1.what2.that3.how4.whether5.why,that6.that7.where8.that9.who10.what11.what12.where13.why14.where15.why16.whether17.asif18.that19.because20.what【真題演練】(2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷)AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】21.C22.B23.A本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。21C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。22B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標題“Essays(60%)”、“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B項。23A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。(2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷）DAsweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(無氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A.Therightwayofexercising. B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit. D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A.Dietplan. B.Professionalbackground.C.Exercisetype. D.Previousphysicalcondition.14.WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。12D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段““Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.(“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會變得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克薩斯大學的心臟專家本·萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。)”可知，萊文想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選D。13C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.(第一組每周參加三次非有氧運動——平衡訓練和重量訓練。第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。)”可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計上的不同在于運動類型的不同，故選C。14A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.(第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。兩年后，第二組的心臟