教學(xué)課件-物流英語

物流英語2015年8月授課方式課堂講授課堂討論、PPT分組展示考核與成績平時成績40％；期末考試60％考核方式：平時表現(xiàn)、作業(yè)+期末閉卷考試Chapterone

IntroductionofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitis

Text2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogistics

LearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsToUnderstandasimplelogisticscontractTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareerTextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定義CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)

物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流動和存儲plan,implementandcontrol計劃，實行和控制customerrequirements客戶需求

whatislogistics?

DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一個中國乃至全世界的熱門話題。雖然它已經(jīng)不是一個新生事物了，但是不少人對物流的認(rèn)識仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意識到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.為了避免可能發(fā)生的對物流含義的誤解，本書采用美國供應(yīng)鏈管理專業(yè)協(xié)會（前身為美國物流管理協(xié)會）目前的定義，該協(xié)會是全世界物流專業(yè)領(lǐng)域中最著名的組織。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避開Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她試圖避而不答我的問題。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存，以及從源頭到消費(fèi)的服務(wù)和信息的全過程，以滿足客戶的需求。這里我們要注意efficientandeffective這兩個詞的區(qū)別：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective強(qiáng)調(diào)的是有效的，有影響的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”O(jiān)fparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“計劃，執(zhí)行與控制”。特別重要的是這個“與”字，它指出物流應(yīng)該包括所有這三方面——計劃，執(zhí)行和控制——而不僅僅是其中一個或兩個方面。TopicforDiscussion:

討論話題1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.

2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:

ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystem

KeyTerms: demandforecasting需求預(yù)測transportation運(yùn)輸

warehousing倉儲inventorymanagement庫存管理materialhandling物料搬運(yùn)packaging包裝informationprocessing信息處理procurement采購productionplanning生產(chǎn)計劃customerservice客戶服務(wù)Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:

Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagement

Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.Warehousing

Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackaging

Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.Materialshandling

Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.

LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存貨指的是為不同目的而保留的儲存貨物，例如要轉(zhuǎn)賣給他人的貨物，用于支持生產(chǎn)或組裝過程的貨物。Avarietyof種種，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.倉庫指的是一段時間內(nèi)用來存儲存貨的地方。在過去的十年中，倉儲在現(xiàn)代物流系統(tǒng)中的角色發(fā)生了重要的變化。Withrespectto關(guān)于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包裝包括營銷包裝（消費(fèi)包裝）和物流包裝（工業(yè)包裝）兩種類型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物資搬運(yùn)指的是產(chǎn)品在同一設(shè)施（如工廠，倉庫）內(nèi)的短距離移動。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采購是指從公司外部購買原材料，零部件以支持公司的運(yùn)作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.

客戶服務(wù)包括要以恰當(dāng)?shù)某杀臼骨‘?dāng)?shù)目蛻粼谇‘?dāng)?shù)臅r間，恰當(dāng)?shù)牡攸c(diǎn)以恰當(dāng)?shù)臓顩r和恰當(dāng)?shù)膬r格收到他想要的（恰當(dāng)?shù)模┊a(chǎn)品。這7個恰當(dāng)“rights”就是物流服務(wù)的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定義的物流的目的，任務(wù)是吻合的，只是關(guān)注的角度不同，因此也有學(xué)者用這7個“恰當(dāng)”來定義“物流”這個概念。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions: 1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(進(jìn)退兩難的局面,困難的選擇)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,

doyouagree?方式課堂講授課堂討論考核與成績平時成績20％；期末考試80％考核方式：平時作業(yè)+期末閉卷考試Chapterone

OverviewofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitis

Text2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogistics

LearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareer

TextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定義CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)

物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流動和存儲plan,implementandcontrol計劃，實行和控制customerrequirements客戶需求

whatislogistics?

DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一個中國乃至全世界的熱門話題。雖然它已經(jīng)不是一個新生事物了，但是不少人對物流的認(rèn)識仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意識到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.為了避免可能發(fā)生的對物流含義的誤解，本書采用美國供應(yīng)鏈管理專業(yè)協(xié)會（前身為美國物流管理協(xié)會）目前的定義，該協(xié)會是全世界物流專業(yè)領(lǐng)域中最著名的組織。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避開Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她試圖避而不答我的問題。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存，以及從源頭到消費(fèi)的服務(wù)和信息的全過程，以滿足客戶的需求。這里我們要注意efficientandeffective這兩個詞的區(qū)別：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective強(qiáng)調(diào)的是有效的，有影響的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”O(jiān)fparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“計劃，執(zhí)行與控制”。特別重要的是這個“與”字，它指出物流應(yīng)該包括所有這三方面——計劃，執(zhí)行和控制——而不僅僅是其中一個或兩個方面。TopicforDiscussion:

討論話題1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.

2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:

ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystem

KeyTerms: demandforecasting需求預(yù)測transportation運(yùn)輸

warehousing倉儲inventorymanagement庫存管理materialhandling物料搬運(yùn)packaging包裝informationprocessing信息處理procurement采購productionplanning生產(chǎn)計劃customerservice客戶服務(wù)Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:

Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagement

Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.Warehousing

Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackaging

Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.Materialshandling

Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.

LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存貨指的是為不同目的而保留的儲存貨物，例如要轉(zhuǎn)賣給他人的貨物，用于支持生產(chǎn)或組裝過程的貨物。Avarietyof種種，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.倉庫指的是一段時間內(nèi)用來存儲存貨的地方。在過去的十年中，倉儲在現(xiàn)代物流系統(tǒng)中的角色發(fā)生了重要的變化。Withrespectto關(guān)于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包裝包括營銷包裝（消費(fèi)包裝）和物流包裝（工業(yè)包裝）兩種類型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物資搬運(yùn)指的是產(chǎn)品在同一設(shè)施（如工廠，倉庫）內(nèi)的短距離移動。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采購是指從公司外部購買原材料，零部件以支持公司的運(yùn)作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.

客戶服務(wù)包括要以恰當(dāng)?shù)某杀臼骨‘?dāng)?shù)目蛻粼谇‘?dāng)?shù)臅r間，恰當(dāng)?shù)牡攸c(diǎn)以恰當(dāng)?shù)臓顩r和恰當(dāng)?shù)膬r格收到他想要的（恰當(dāng)?shù)模┊a(chǎn)品。這7個恰當(dāng)“rights”就是物流服務(wù)的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定義的物流的目的，任務(wù)是吻合的，只是關(guān)注的角度不同，因此也有學(xué)者用這7個“恰當(dāng)”來定義“物流”這個概念。Exercises:

PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions: 1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(進(jìn)退兩難的局面,困難的選擇)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,

doyouagree?ChapterTwo

PurchasingLearningobjectiveTounderstandthestepsofpurchasingToUnderstandthekeytermsintheprocessofpurchasingTolearnhowtoformulateapurchasingplanforasmallbusinessTolearntheimportantfactorsinbidderselectionUnit2PurchasingText1PurchasingDialogue1WhatisPurchasingText2PurchasingProcessDialogue2OrderingEquipmentText1Purchasing【Para1】DefinitionofPurchasing（采購的概念）

Purchasingisnotsimplybuyinggoodsandservices,anditisagroupoffunctionalactivitiesassociatedwithbuyingthegoodsandservicesrequiredbyorganizations.Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.Text1Purchasing【Para2】theRoleofPurchasing（采購的作用）

Themostimportantandtraditionalroleofpurchasingistomeettherequirementsofinternalusers.Inthepast,theemphasiswaslaidtobuywhatfirmsneedfromtherightsource,attherightprice,intherightquantity,totherightinternalcustomerandattherightspecifications.However,withtheincreaseofoutsourcing,firmsaremoreandmorerelyingonexternalsupplierstoprovidenotjustmaterialsandproducts,butalsoinformationtechnology,service,andevenlogistics.Therefore,toensuretheuninterruptedflowofhigh-qualitygoodsandservicesisbecomingmorecriticalformodernenterprises.Text1PurchasingPurchasingdepartmentmustdevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganizationwhichmayincludemanufacturing,marketing,technologyandfinance.Effectivecommunicationwiththesedepartmentsisessentialandnecessaryforthewholeorganizationtokeepascompetitive.Forexample,ifasupplier’scomponentsaredefectiveandcausingproblemformanufacturing,thenthepurchasingdepartmentmustworkwiththesuppliertoimprovetheirquality.Text1PurchasingInordertoensurethecurrentsuppliersarecompetitive,purchasingmustidentifynewsuppliersandimproveorreplacetheexistingsupplierswhoarenotmeetingtherequirements.Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.Text1Purchasing【Para3】theNeedofPurchasing（采購需求）

Nowadaystheneedforpurchasingtobeinvolvedincorporatestrategyhasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Thereasonisthattheamountofmoneyspentonpurchasinghasincreasedsignificantly,andthepotentialsavingsfromstrategicmanagementofpurchasingareconsiderable.Anotherfactoristhetrendtowardoutsourcing,whichmeansfirmsmustmanagetheirsupplierseffectively.Nowitisbelievedthatsuppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.Text1Purchasing【Para4】DecisionofPurchasing（采購決策）

Purchasingthoseproductsandserviceswhichfirmscannotproduceisnecessaryandeasilyunderstood,butiftheycanmakeorprovidetheseproductsandservicesin-house,whatwilltheydo?Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.Answeringsuchquestionsisoftennotasobviousasblackandwhite.Text1PurchasingTomakeitclear,managementneedstoanswerthequestion:Whatisthedifferenceinrelevantcostsbetweenthealternatives?Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.Text1PurchasingNewWordsandPhrasesfunctionaladj.功能的internaladj.內(nèi)部的specificationn.規(guī)格,規(guī)范outsourcingn.外包，外購ensurev.

確保uninterruptedadj.不間斷的，連續(xù)的enterprisen.

企業(yè)，商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)Text1Purchasingfinancen.

財務(wù)，金融essentialadj.

基本的，必需的competitiveadj.有競爭力的，競爭的componentn.

零件，部分defectiveadj.有缺陷的differentiationn.

差異化relevantadj.

相關(guān)的，相應(yīng)的alternativeadj.

選擇性的，二中選

一的Text1Purchasingstrategicadj.戰(zhàn)略上的，關(guān)鍵的laidto把……歸于relyon依賴，依靠keepabreastof保持與...并列costleadership成本領(lǐng)先opportunitycost機(jī)會成本takeintoaccount重視，考慮Text1PurchasingNotes1．Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.

這些活動包括供應(yīng)商的認(rèn)定和選擇，采購，談判、合同簽訂，供應(yīng)市場調(diào)研，供應(yīng)商的考核和改進(jìn)，以及采購系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)等等。Text1Purchasing2．Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.

這就意味著采購需要與供應(yīng)市場的最新情況同步。Text1Purchasing3．Suppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.

供應(yīng)商在支持企業(yè)的競爭戰(zhàn)略上可以扮演極其重要的角色，不管這種戰(zhàn)略是成本領(lǐng)先、差異化或是二者的混合。Text1Purchasing4．Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.

有關(guān)一個生產(chǎn)者會自己生產(chǎn)或者外包其產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的決策也稱為生產(chǎn)或購買決策。Text1Purchasing5．Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.

因此，有必要在不同的可選項之間，計算各自的成本，考慮其資源和機(jī)會成本。最后，一些其它的戰(zhàn)略因素也需要考慮在內(nèi)。Text1PurchasingExercisesⅠPairwork：talkingfacetoface,andthinkitover,discussthefollowingquestions.1．Whatispurchasing?2．Whatarethemaintasksforapurchasingmanager?3．Priceistheonlyvariableconcernedbypurchasingmanagers,isn’tit?Text1Purchasing4．Canpurchasingplayaroleinsupportingafirm’sstrategicsuccess?5．Whatrequiresthatpurchasingassumemoreresponsibility?6．Howdoyouunderstandtheroleofpurchasing?7．Howtomanagethesupplierseffectively?8．Howtoreducethepurchasingcost?Text1PurchasingⅡComprehension：True/False/NotMentioned.1．Purchasingissimplybuyingthegoodsneededbyfirmsororganizations.2．Meetingtherequirementsofinternalusersisthetraditionalroleofpurchasing.3．Nowadayspriceisnotimportantanymoreforpurchasing.Text1Purchasing4．Itisnecessarytodevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganization.5．Purchasingneedstoknowthelatestconditioninsupplymarket.6．Whenasupplier’scomponentsaredefective,thepurchasingdepartmentwillsolvetheproblemssolely.7．Supplierscannotplayaroleins