中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)（語(yǔ)法講義+真題練習(xí)）語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)講義-形容詞和副詞（教師版）

專(zhuān)題七形容詞和副詞專(zhuān)題七形容詞和副詞知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理 第一部分形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)一：形容詞的定義、用法及位置一、形容詞的定義形容詞是用來(lái)說(shuō)明人或事物特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)的詞，常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞。在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。二、形容詞的用法1.形容詞作定語(yǔ)：放在名詞之前，復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如：Thisisaninterestingstory.這是一個(gè)有趣的故事。Didyoudoanythingspecialyesterday?昨天你做了什么特別的事嗎？【知識(shí)拓展】多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其先后順序一般遵循的規(guī)律：描繪性形容詞（大小+長(zhǎng)短+形狀+年齡或新舊+長(zhǎng)幼+顏色）+地區(qū)或產(chǎn)地+材料+用途+名詞。我們可以簡(jiǎn)記為：描、形、年、顏、地、材、途。如：ThereisabeautifulroundnewblackRussianwoodentableinmyhouse.我家里有一張漂亮的又圓又新的黑色俄羅斯木桌。2.形容詞作表語(yǔ)：放在系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：MyEnglishisprettygood.我的英語(yǔ)十分好。Thiskindoffoodsmellsbadbuttastesdelicious.這種食物難聞但很好吃。3.形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make、keep、leave、find等動(dòng)詞連用。如：It’scoldoutside.Pleasekeepthewindowclosed.外面很冷，請(qǐng)讓窗戶(hù)關(guān)著。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。Thisstorymademeverysad.這個(gè)故事使我很傷心。4.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，表示原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、時(shí)間、條件或方式，可位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)將其與其他部分隔開(kāi)。如：Theboywenttoschool,coldandhungry.那個(gè)男孩又冷又餓地去上學(xué)了。5.形容詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：主要用于“the+形容詞”，表示一類(lèi)人或事物，這種形容詞已名詞化了。這些常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：good/bad;rich/poor;young/old;deaf/blind;black/white;living/dead如：Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.我們要尊老愛(ài)幼。考點(diǎn)二：副詞的定義、用法及位置一、副詞的定義副詞是用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。二、副詞的用法1.副詞作狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，有時(shí)也可修飾整個(gè)句子。如：Thevisitorswerewarmlyreceivedbythehosts.【修飾動(dòng)詞，位于動(dòng)詞前（前/后）】Ican’twalkquickly.BecauseIhurtmylegyesterday.【修飾動(dòng)詞，位于動(dòng)詞后（前/后）】Thisbookisreallyinteresting.【修飾形容詞，位于形容詞前（前/后）】Theycandrawverywell.【修飾副詞，位于副詞前（前/后）】Luckily,noonewashurt.【修飾句子，常用逗號(hào)與后面的句子隔開(kāi)】2.副詞作表語(yǔ)：用來(lái)表明狀態(tài)和位置。如：Imustbeoffnow.我現(xiàn)在得走了。Mymotherhasbeenawayforaweek.我母親外出已有一個(gè)星期了。3.副詞作定語(yǔ)：時(shí)間副詞now、then以及一些地點(diǎn)副詞可放在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)。如：Womentherelivedaterriblelifeinthe1920s.在二十世紀(jì)二十年代那兒的婦女過(guò)著可怕的日子。Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinneratrestaurants.現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴。三、副詞的分類(lèi)類(lèi)別位置例詞頻度副詞一般放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前always>usually>often>sometimes>hardlyever>seldom>never;once（一次）、twice（兩次）疑問(wèn)副詞放在句首，用于對(duì)句子進(jìn)行提問(wèn)how、when、where、why、howoften、howlong、howfar、howsoon等程度副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞前（前/后），但是enough位于“名前形副后”too、very、much、so、such、quite、enough、almost、little、really、only等時(shí)間副詞一般放在句首或句尾today、tomorrow、now、ago、before、already、then、just、after、still等地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句尾，但here、there可放在句首here、there、home、everywhere、inside、outside、upstairs、downstairs等★★【知識(shí)拓展一】由how構(gòu)成的特殊疑問(wèn)詞組的用法：how詞組含義用法答語(yǔ)howfar多遠(yuǎn)提問(wèn)距離It’s+5meters/10minutes’walk等表距離的詞語(yǔ)howlong多久多長(zhǎng)提問(wèn)時(shí)間for/about+時(shí)間段提問(wèn)物體長(zhǎng)度10km等表示長(zhǎng)度的詞語(yǔ)howsoon多久以后提問(wèn)時(shí)間（常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)）in+時(shí)間段，表示“在多久以后”howoften多久一次提問(wèn)頻率once,twice,always等表示頻率的詞語(yǔ)howold多大提問(wèn)年齡12yearsold等表示年齡的詞語(yǔ)howmany多少對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問(wèn)100等具體的基數(shù)詞或several等修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞語(yǔ)howmuch多少對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問(wèn)alotof,3glasses(of)等用于表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞的量的詞語(yǔ)多少錢(qián)提問(wèn)價(jià)格5dollars,2yuanakilo等表示價(jià)格的詞語(yǔ)★【知識(shí)拓展二】四個(gè)“也”的用法：副詞用法例句too用于肯定句，位于句末，用逗號(hào)和前面句子隔開(kāi)Iamateacher,too.我也是個(gè)老師。also用于肯定句，位于句中（實(shí)前be情助后）IamalsogoodatEnglish.我也擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。Icanalsoswim.我也能游泳。either用于否定句，位于句末Ican’tspeakEnglisheither.我也不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。aswell用于肯定句，位于句末HespeaksEnglish,andheknowsFrenchaswell.他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，也懂法語(yǔ)?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.-Ican'tstandswimmingincoldriversinwinter.-Butit’sAforyourhealth.YouknowIoftenswiminriversindifferentseasons.A.helpfulB.harmfulC.painfulD.careful2.ThecoachthinksDofMary'ssportstalents,forshejumpedveryatthesportsmeeting.A.high;highB.highly;highlyC.high;highlyD.highly;high3.ThecaketastesCanditisreallydelicious.A.wellB.badlyC.goodD.bad4.-IDeatvegetables.-Buttheyaregoodforyourhealth!Weshouldeatthemeveryday.A.oftenB.usuallyC.alwaysD.seldom5.Ifelloffthebikeonmywaytoschool.A,Iwasn'thurt.A.LuckilyB.SuddenlyC.PolitelyD.Recently二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Heputonhiscoatandwentoutquickly(quick).2.Mobilephonesarewidely(wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.3.Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday.Fortunately(fortunate),therewasnomoneyinit.4.AlotofChinesepeopleareproud(pride)ofMaLong,afamoustabletennisplayer.5.It’ssnowinghard.Youmustdrivecarefully(careful).真題演練真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023·西藏）Chinesefolkmusicsounds___C____.Ilikeitverymuch.A．bad B．badly C．beautiful D．beautifully2.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古）Afterthe2022SpringFestivalGala,dance-poemdramaThousandsofMilesofMountainsandRivers（《只此青綠》）became___B____knownalloverChina.A．wisely B．widely C．wide D．wise3.（2023·西藏）WuJingisafamousactorinChina.HedoesChinesekungfu___B____.A．good B．well C．great D．bad4.（2022·遼寧沈陽(yáng)）Peopleshould___D____pickuptherubbishwhenevertheyseeit.A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．a(chǎn)lways5.（2022·山東濱州）—Bill,IplannedtogiveyouthecardonSaturday,butI___A____forgot.—That’sOK.Iwon’tuseituntilnextweekend.A．completely B．recently C．quietly D．clearly6.（2022·四川達(dá)州）—Jessica,it’sraining___A____outside.—Oh,youshouldbe________whenyoudrivetowork.A．hard;careful B．hardly;careful C．hard;carefully D．hardly;carefully7.（2023·遼寧鞍山）Alicefelt___B____inhernewschool,soshejoinedsomeclubstomakenewfriends.A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited第二部分形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)表示“更……”，用于兩者之間的比較，后面用連詞than連接另一個(gè)所比較的人或事物，說(shuō)明“前者比后者更……”。最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間的比較；常用of/in來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍；形容詞和副詞前要加定冠詞the，副詞最高級(jí)前的the有時(shí)可省略?！铩铩锟键c(diǎn)一：形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的變化規(guī)則一、比較等級(jí)的規(guī)則變化類(lèi)別構(gòu)成原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er/-esttallslowtallerslowertallestslowest以字母e結(jié)尾加-r/-stlargelatelargerlaterlargestlatest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母(輔元輔),則雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母，再加-er/-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加-er/-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞所有多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,在詞前加more/mostinterestingimportantmoreinterestingmoreimportantmostinterestingmostimportant二、比較等級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,well(好)betterbestbad,badly,ill(壞)worseworstmany,much(多)moremostlittle(小;少)lessleastold(老)olderoldesteldereldestfar(遠(yuǎn))fartherfarthestfurtherfurthest基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Rose'sfatheristhebusiest(busy)inthehospital,becauseheisanexcellentdoctor.2.Sometimeskeepingsilenceismuchcleverer(clever)thanspeakingoutstraight.3.Mysisterisaninthgradestudentandsheisthreeyearsolder(old)thanme.4.Thomasistheshortest(short)playerinthebasketballteambutheisthebest.5.Goldismuchmoreexpensive(expensive)thaniron.6.Sheisbetter(good)thanLiPingatswimming.7.IbuybooksontheInternet,becausetheyarecheaper(cheap)thanthoseinthebookshop.8.Londonhaslotsofbeautifulparksandgardens,butitsairpollutionistheworst(bad)inEurope.9.Westudymath,English,Chinese,historyandmusicatschool.ButIlikehistorybest(well).10.Theearthweliveonisbigger(big)thanthemoon.★★考點(diǎn)二：形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的?？季湫图坝梅?lèi)型結(jié)構(gòu)意義舉例原級(jí)as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as和……一樣Sheisastallashermother.notas/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as不如……那樣Theweatherhereisnotas/sohotasthatinWuhan.比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than比……Mybrotheristallerthanme.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore+原級(jí)”越來(lái)越……Myhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)越……，就越……ThemorefriendsIhave,thehappierIfeel.最高級(jí)oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)最……之一Hisgradesarethebestofallinourschool.【注意】當(dāng)表示一方超過(guò)另一方的“程度”時(shí)，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,far等來(lái)修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。注意：比較級(jí)不能用very,so,too等修飾。Eg.Heismuchmoreseriousthanhisbrother.他比他弟弟穩(wěn)重多了。Thisbookisevenmoreusefulthanthatone.這本書(shū)甚至比那本更有用。Canyoucometoschoolalittleearliertomorrowmorning?明天早上你能早點(diǎn)來(lái)學(xué)校嗎？【記憶口訣】?jī)啥啵╩uch,alot）兩少（alittle,abit）一甚至（even），還有一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)（far）去了?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子,每空一詞1.我們的教室和他們的教室一樣干凈。Ourclassroomis_____as__________clean___________as______theirs.2.我們的國(guó)家正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。Ourcountryisbecoming___stronger__________and__________stronger_____.3.你練習(xí)得越多,就會(huì)犯越少的錯(cuò)誤。____The__________more_____youpractice,_____the_________fewer_____mistakesyouwillmake.真題演練真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特）Theairhasbeenmuch___D____theseyears.Governmentsaretakingactionagainstpollution.A．badly B．worst C．bad D．worse2.（2023·四川雅安）—Mikeplaysbasketballwell.Doyouknowhim?—Sure.Heisalsooneof___D____basketballplayersinourclass.A．tall B．thetaller C．tallest D．thetallest3.（2022·山東濟(jì)南）AlthoughLinglingstudiesonlineathome,shestudies___B____thanbefore.A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．thehardest4.（2023·云南昭通·統(tǒng)考一模）—Willyougototheairportbybus?—I’drathertakeataxi.It’smuch___B____.A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．thefastest5.（2022·云南臨滄二模）—TheChinesewomen’sfootballteamwonthe2022AFCWomen’sAsianCuptitle.—Great!___B____youknowabouttheChinesewomen’steam,________you’lllovethegirls.A．Themore;themost B．Themore;themoreC．Themost;themore D．Themost;themost第三部分用所給形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空包括形容詞變副詞、形容詞/副詞變比較級(jí)、形容詞/副詞變最高級(jí)、形容詞變名詞?？键c(diǎn)一：形容詞變副詞一、形容詞變副詞的變化規(guī)則：形容詞構(gòu)成方法舉例一般情況直接在詞尾加lyquick→quicklyslow→slowly以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加lyhappy→happilyheavy→heavily以le結(jié)尾去e加yterrible→terriblypossible→possibly元音字母+e結(jié)尾去e加lytrue→truly特殊變化good→well二、填副詞的判斷方法如下：1.動(dòng)詞＋副詞/副詞＋動(dòng)詞如：askforhelppolitely(polite)Hequickly(quick)laidoutherfavoritefruits.2.句子＋副詞如：Thelittlegirlisrunningafterabutterflyhappily(happy)inthegarden.3.副詞＋形容詞如：Oneneedsthreethingstobetruly(true)happyinlife.考點(diǎn)二：形容詞/副詞變比較級(jí)填比較級(jí)的判斷方法如下：1.標(biāo)志詞than，much，even，far等修飾（“兩多兩少一甚至，還有一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)去了”）如：muchfaster(fast)than4Gnetwork；feelevensadder(sad)；playchessevenbetter(good)thanhumans；havemuchless(little)privatetime2.the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...如：Theharder(hard)youstudy,thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake.3.比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)如：moreandmore(much)beautiful考點(diǎn)三：形容詞/副詞變最高級(jí)填最高級(jí)的判斷方法如下：1.標(biāo)志詞inChina，intheworld，ofall如：SpringFestivalisthebiggest(big)festivalinChina；usetheInternetmost(much)intheworld2.oneof＋the＋最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)如：oneofthemostpopular(popular)players3.固定搭配中如：trymybest4.the＋序數(shù)詞＋最高級(jí)如：Itisthesecondtallest(tall)buildingintheworld5.上下文語(yǔ)境如：BeipanjiangBridgeinmyhometownisthecoolest(cool)oneIhaveeverseen.考點(diǎn)四：形容詞變名詞一、填名詞的判斷方法如下：1.anumberof/thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)2.形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞3.固定搭配（the+名詞+of）二、?？嫉摹靶稳菰~變名詞”的形式如下：構(gòu)成示例形容詞＋nesshappy→happinesskind→kindnessshy→shyness形容詞＋ty/ity/ysafe→safetydifficult→difficulty形容詞(以t結(jié)尾的)去掉-t＋ceconfident→confidencepatient→patienceimportant→importancedifferent→difference其他foreign→foreignertrue→truthwonderful→wonder基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Insummer,itoftenrains___heavily_____(heavy)withstrongwindinSouthernChina.2.Lucyusedtobe___really_______(real)shy.Soshetookactingclassestodealwithhershyness.3.Thehigherweclimbed,the____thinner____(thin)theairbecame.4.Manyclassicpoemsare___widely______(wide)spreadintheworld.5.Thelibraryisbetweentheschoolandthehospital.Youcanfindit____easily_____(easy).6.Thenursealwaystreatsthesickandthewoundedwith___kindness____(kind).7.Toachieveourdreams,wemusttakeeverychoice___seriously_____(serious).8.Somepeoplebelievewateryogareallyhelpspeoplekeepawayfrom___illness_____(ill).9.Foryour___safety_____(safe),smokingisnotallowedduringthewholeflight.10.Wecertainlymeetmany___difficulties___(difficult)inourlife,butwemustlearntoovercomethem.11.__Recently____(recent),hehasmadeprogressinplayingthepianowiththehelpofhisteacher.12.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,the____be