2022年江蘇省南京、鎮(zhèn)江市部分名校高二下學(xué)期第三次學(xué)情調(diào)查考試英語試題

2021-2022學(xué)年江蘇省南京、鎮(zhèn)江市部分名校高二下學(xué)期第三次學(xué)情調(diào)查考試英語試題第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項AWhat’sthebestspeakertousewhenyoutravel?

Ofcourse,itisthespeakerwithmultifunctions.Whenitcomestothenamesofthemostpopularspeakersonthemarket,thefollowingfourspringtomind.TheSoundLinkMicrospeakerissmall,butpowerful.Itdoesn’treallymatterwhatyou’redoing—hiking,biking,cookingdinnerorhangingout.Youneedmusic.WedesignedaBluetoothspeakerthatkeepspacewithallofyouradventuresanddeliversunmatchedsoundforitssize.Superruggedandwaterproof.Itfeaturesatear-resistantsiliconestrap—soyoucantakeitalongwhereveryougo.TheHomeSpeakerisawirelesshomespeaker,avoice-controlledspeakerandaBluetoothspeaker.AnywherewithWi-Fi,youcancontrolitwithyourvoiceandstreammusicdirectlyfromthecloud.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerIIisdesignedforlifeonthegoit’sroundedwithasoft-touchsurface,soit’sstilleasytocarryinyourhand.Thewrap-aroundsiliconebodygivesitthecompactdurabilityyouneedtotossitinabagorbackpackandtakeitanywhere.Plentyofspeakerslookwaterproof.ButSoundLinkColorstandsuptowaterfromtheinsideout，soyoucanlistenbythepoolorlake,too.TheBoseS1systemisaPAsystem,andithasalightweight,ruggedenclosurewithabuilt-inhandle,soit’seasytocarryandtakejustaboutanywhere.Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.21.WhatisprobablyauniquefeatureoftheHomeSpeaker?A.ItisaBluetoothspeaker. B.ItfunctionsoutsideWi-Firange.C.Itisvoice-controlledwithinWi-Firange. D.Itcanbroadcastmusicplayedonthedevice.22.Whichspeakerbestsuitspeoplewhowanttoachieveabettersoundeffectinaparty?A.TheHomeSpeaker. B.TheBoseS1system.C.TheSoundLinkMicroBluetoothspeaker. D.TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerII.23.Whatdothefourspeakershaveincommon?A.TheyareBluetoothandportablespeakers. B.Theyareportableandwaterproofspeakers.C.Theyaretear-resistantandBluetoothspeakers. D.Theyaresuperruggedandwaterproofspeakers.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四款音響以及各自的特點(diǎn)。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第二段部分“AnywherewithWi-Fi,youcancontrolitwithyourvoiceandstreammusicdirectlyfromthecloud.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.(在任何有Wi-Fi的地方，你都可以用聲音控制它，并直接從云端下載音樂。在Wi-Fi范圍之外，你可以用手機(jī)或平板電腦像其他任何便攜式揚(yáng)聲器一樣控制它，并收聽任何你可以在設(shè)備上播放的內(nèi)容)”可知，Wi-Fi范圍內(nèi)聲控是HomeSpeaker的獨(dú)特特點(diǎn)。故選C。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第四部分中“Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.(重量只有15.7磅（7.1公斤），堅固耐用的S1Pro可以讓你在聚會或戶外聚會時帶來更好的聲音，它是一款帶在任何地方的一體化藍(lán)牙揚(yáng)聲器)”可知，TheBoseS1system最適合想在聚會上獲得更好的聲音效果的人。故選B。23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分中“TheSoundLinkMicrospeakerissmall,butpowerful.WedesignedaBluetoothspeakerthatkeepspacewithallofyouradventuresanddeliversunmatchedsoundforitssize.(SoundLink微型揚(yáng)聲器很小，但功能強(qiáng)大。我們設(shè)計了一款藍(lán)牙揚(yáng)聲器，它能與您的所有冒險保持同步，并以其尺寸提供無與倫比的聲音)”；第二部分中“TheHomeSpeakerisawirelesshomespeaker,avoice-controlledspeakerandaBluetoothspeaker.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.(TheHomeSpeaker是無線家庭揚(yáng)聲器，聲控?fù)P聲器和藍(lán)牙揚(yáng)聲器在Wi-Fi范圍之外，你可以用手機(jī)或平板電腦像其他任何便攜式揚(yáng)聲器一樣控制它，并收聽任何你可以在設(shè)備上播放的內(nèi)容)”；第三部分中“TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerIIisdesignedforlifeonthegoit’sroundedwithasoft-touchsurface,soit’sstilleasytocarryinyourhand.Thewrap-aroundsiliconebodygivesitthecompactdurabilityyouneedtotossitinabagorbackpackandtakeitanywhere.(SoundLink彩色藍(lán)牙音箱II是為手提式生活而設(shè)計的，它的表面是圓形的，觸感柔軟，所以它仍然很容易拿在手里。纏繞的硅膠機(jī)身使它緊湊耐用，你需要把它扔在包或背包里，帶它去任何地方)”以及第四部分中“Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.(重量只有15.7磅（7.1公斤），堅固耐用的S1Pro可以讓你在聚會或戶外聚會時帶來更好的聲音，它是一款帶在任何地方的一體化藍(lán)牙揚(yáng)聲器)”可知，共同點(diǎn)是它們是藍(lán)牙和便攜式揚(yáng)聲器。故選A。BIn1975,aSanDiegohomemakernamedMarjorieRicecameacrossacolumninScientificAmericanabouttiling,aproblemthathasinterestedmathematicianssinceancientGreektimes.AfterRice’schanceencounterwithtilings,familymembersoftensawherinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes.“Ithoughtshewasjustdrawingcasually,”herdaughterKathysaid.ButRicewhotookonlyoneyearofmathinhighschool,wasactuallydiscoveringnever-before-seenpatterns.BorninFlorida,Ricewenttoaone-roomcountryschoolwheresheskippedtwogradesandstudiedwiththeolderkids.Thoughshelovedlearningandparticularlyherbriefexposuretomath,tightbudgetandsocialculturepreventedherfamilyfromevenconsideringthatshemightattendcollege.“ForRice,mathwasapleasure”.HersonDavidoncesaid,“Shewascrazyaboutpyramidsandstudiedthemwithextensivedrawingsandcalculations”.RicegaveoneofhersonsasubscriptiontoScientificAmericanpartlybecauseshecouldreaditcarefullywhilethechildrenwereatschool.WhenshereadGardner’scolumnabouttilingasshelaterrecalledinaninterview:“Ithoughtitmustbewonderfulthatsomeonecoulddiscoverthesebeautifulpatternswhichnoonehadseenbefore.”Shealsowroteinanessay,“MyinterestwasengagedbythesubjectandIwantedtounderstandeverydetailofit.Lackingamathematicalbackground,Idevelopedmyownsymbolsystemandinafewmonthsdiscoveredanewtype.”Astonishedanddelighted,shesentherworktoGardner,whosentittoDoris,atilingexpertatMoravianCollege.DorisconfirmedthatRice’sfindingwascorrect.Ricedeclinedtolectureonherdiscoveries,citingshyness,butatDoris’sinvitation,sheattendedauniversitymathematicsmeeting,whereshewasintroducedtotheaudience.Ricestillsaidnothingofherachievementstoherchildren,buttheyeventuallyfoundoutastheawardsmounted.24.WhydidRiceoftendrawshapesinthekitchen?A.Shewantedtobeamathematician. B.Shejustdrewcasuallyforherdaughter.C.Shewastotallyabsorbedintiling. D.Shewaspassionateaboutdrawingpictures.25.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Shewasaddictedtodrawingpyramids.B.Shecamefromafamilystrugglingfinancially.C.Sherefusedtoattendcollegeforthesakeofherfamily.D.Shewenttoschooltwoyearslaterthanaveragechildren.26.Whydoestheauthormention“asubscriptiontoScientificAmerican”inParagraph3?A.Toshowherfamilywasonatightbudget. B.Toimplysheprioritizedherownbusiness.C.Todemonstrateshewascrazyabouttiling. D.Toindicatesheexcelledinhousekeeping.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRice?A.Devotedandproud. B.Determinedandhumble.C.Talentedanddemanding. D.Ambitiousandamused.【答案】24.C25.B26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。圣地亞哥一位名叫馬喬里·賴斯（MarjorieRice

）的家庭主婦在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上看到一篇關(guān)于瓷磚的專欄文章，這個問題自古希臘時代起就引起了數(shù)學(xué)家的興趣。賴斯偶然遇到瓷磚后，家人經(jīng)?？吹剿趶N房里不停地畫形狀。高中只學(xué)了一年數(shù)學(xué)的她憑借自己對數(shù)學(xué)的熱情潛心研究，堅持不懈，發(fā)現(xiàn)了以前從未見過的圖案。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一自然段“AfterRice’schanceencounterwithtilings,familymembersoftensawherinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes.

（賴斯偶然遇到瓷磚后，家人經(jīng)?？吹剿趶N房里不停地畫形狀。）”及第二自然段““ForRice,mathwasapleasure”.HersonDavidoncesaid,“Shewascrazyaboutpyramidsandstudiedthemwithextensivedrawingsandcalculations”.（“對賴斯來說，數(shù)學(xué)是一種樂趣”。她的兒子大衛(wèi)曾經(jīng)說過：“她對金字塔非常著迷，并用大量的圖紙和計算來研究它們?！保笨芍囁乖趶N房里畫形狀是因為她全神貫注于瓷磚。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Thoughshelovedlearningandparticularlyherbriefexposuretomath,tightbudgetandsocialculturepreventedherfamilyfromevenconsideringthatshemightattendcollege.

（盡管她熱愛學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是短暫的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，但由于預(yù)算緊張和社會文化的影響，她的家人甚至沒有考慮讓她上大學(xué)。）”可知，她來自一個經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的家庭。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Ricegaveoneofhersonsasubscriptionto

ScientificAmerican

partlybecauseshecouldreaditcarefullywhilethechildrenwereatschool.

（賴斯給她的一個兒子訂閱了《科學(xué)美國人》，部分原因是她可以在孩子們上學(xué)時仔細(xì)閱讀。）”可知，作者提及賴斯給她的兒子訂閱了《科學(xué)美國人》是為了證明賴斯對瓷磚的狂熱。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。盡管賴斯高中只學(xué)了一年數(shù)學(xué)，但她憑借自己對數(shù)學(xué)的熱情潛心研究，堅持不懈，發(fā)現(xiàn)了以前從未見過的圖案，由此可見賴斯是有決心的（determined）;根據(jù)最后一段“Ricedeclinedtolectureonherdiscoveries,citingshyness,butatDoris’sinvitation,sheattendedauniversitymathematicsmeeting,whereshewasintroducedtotheaudience.Ricestillsaidnothingofherachievementstoherchildren,buttheyeventuallyfoundoutastheawardsmounted.（賴斯以害羞為由拒絕就她的發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表演講，但在多麗絲的邀請下，她參加了一次大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)會議，并在會上被介紹給觀眾。賴斯仍然沒有向她的孩子們透露她的成就，但隨著獎項的不斷增加，他們最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。）”可知，賴斯又非常謙遜的（humble）。故選B。CInwhattheyclaimisaworldfirst,researchersinJapanhavedevelopedchopsticksthatartificiallycreatethetasteofsalt,aspartofeffortstoreducesodiumlevelsinsomeofthecountry’smostpopulardishes.Thechopsticksworkusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerwornontheeater’swristband.Thedevicetransmitssodiumionsfromfood,throughthechopsticks,tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness,saysHomeiMiyashita,aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratorycollaboratedwiththefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice.Theteamplantoimprovethefirstdesignandhopetomakethechopsticksavailabletoconsumersnextyear.ThechopstickscouldfindareceptiveaudienceinJapan,wherethetraditionaldiettendstobehighinsaltduetotheuseofcomponentssuchasmisoandsoysauce.TheaverageJapaneseadultconsumesabout10gramsofsaltaday,doubletheamountrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Thehealthministryhasproposedreducingdailysaltintaketoamaximumof7.5gramsformenand6.5gramsforwomen.Thechopsticksuse“veryweakelectricity—notenoughtoaffectthehumanbody—toadjustthefunctionofionssuchassodiumchlorideandsodiumglutamatetochangetheperceptionoftastebymakingfoodseemtotastestrongerorweaker”,Kirinsaidinastatement.MiyashitaandKirinsaidclinicaltestsonpeoplewhofollowalow-sodiumdiethadconfirmedthatthedeviceenhancesthesaltytasteoflow-sodiumfoodbyabout1.5times.Highsaltintakecancontributetohighbloodpressure,theleadingcauseofheartattacksandstrokes.“Topreventthesediseases,weneedtoreducetheamountofsaltwetake,”saidKirinresearcherAiSato.“Ifwetrytoavoidtakinglesssaltinaconventionalway,wewouldneedtosufferthepainofcuttingourfavouritefoodfromourdiet,orsuffereatingfoodwithverylittletaste.”Miyashita’slabhasalsoinventedalickableTVscreenthatimitatestheflavoursofvariousfoods.28.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A.Howthechopstickswork. B.Whattheteamplanstodo.C.Whatthedeviceisdesignedfor. D.Howasenseofsaltinessiscreated.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collaborated”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Competed. B.Negotiated. C.Cooperated. D.Corresponded.30.Whatisadirectresultofthechopsticks?A.Foodcanhavestrongerorweakerflavours.B.Low-sodiumfoodtastessaltierthanitactuallyis.C.Thehealthministryhassuggestedreducingsaltintake.D.Takinglesssaltmeanseatinglessfoodwithverylittletaste.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Japanconductsclinicaltestsonlow-sodiumdietsB.Japanesehigh-techsaltychopsticksgainpopularityC.JapaninventselectronicchopsticksmakingfoodtastesaltyD.Japaneseresearchersreducesodiumlevelsinpopulardishes【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。日本研究人員日前研制出了一種可以人工制造鹽味的筷子，他們稱這是世界首例。此舉旨在降低日本一些最受歡迎菜肴的鈉含量。文章介紹了這種筷子的使用方法以及工作原理和市場前景等?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thechopsticksworkusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerwornontheeater’swristband.Thedevicetransmitssodiumionsfromfood,throughthechopsticks,tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness,saysHomeiMiyashita,aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratorycollaboratedwiththefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice.Theteamplantoimprovethefirstdesignandhopetomakethechopsticksavailabletoconsumersnextyear.(這種筷子的工作原理是通過電刺激和佩戴在食客手環(huán)上的迷你電腦。東京明治大學(xué)教授宮下家美說，這種設(shè)備將食物中的鈉離子通過筷子傳遞到嘴里，在嘴里產(chǎn)生咸味。宮下家美教授的實驗室與食品和飲料制造商Kirin合作開發(fā)了這種設(shè)備。該團(tuán)隊計劃改進(jìn)第一款筷子的設(shè)計，并希望在明年將其推向消費(fèi)者)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們筷子如何使用。故選A?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratory”以及后文“withthefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice”可知，宮下家美教授的實驗室與食品和飲料制造商Kirin合作開發(fā)了這種設(shè)備，故畫線詞意思是“合作”。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MiyashitaandKirinsaidclinicaltestsonpeoplewhofollowalow-sodiumdiethadconfirmedthatthedeviceenhancesthesaltytasteoflow-sodiumfoodbyabout1.5times.(宮下和Kirin表示，對低鈉飲食的人進(jìn)行的臨床測試證實，該設(shè)備能將低鈉食物的咸味提高約1.5倍)”可知，使用筷子的直接結(jié)果是低鈉食物吃起來比實際更咸。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inwhattheyclaimisaworldfirst,researchersinJapanhavedevelopedchopsticksthatartificiallycreatethetasteofsalt,aspartofeffortstoreducesodiumlevelsinsomeofthecountry’smostpopulardishes.(日本研究人員日前研制出了一種可以人工制造鹽味的筷子，他們稱這是世界首例。此舉旨在降低日本一些最受歡迎菜肴的鈉含量)”結(jié)合文章介紹了這種筷子的使用方法以及工作原理和市場前景等?？芍珻選項“日本發(fā)明了電子筷子，使食物嘗起來很咸”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DThelastdecadesawtheriseofthefieldof“plantneurobiology”.Thatdebatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplants—whichdonotpossessbrains—handleinformationinwayssimilartocomplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeintentionaldecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.Butthechancesofthatare“effectivelyzero.”“There’snothingintheplantcomparabletothecomplexityoftheanimalbrain,”saysTaiz,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Someplantsarecapableofcomplicatedbehaviors.Forexample,woundedleavescansendwarningsignalstootherpartsoftheplant.Butplantsperformthesewithequipmentthat’sverydifferentfromthenervoussystemsofanimals,nobrainrequired,Taizargues.Heandcolleaguespointoutmethodologicalfaultsinsomeofthestudiesthatclaimplantshavebrain-likecommandcentersandanimal-likenervecells.Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone,”Taizsays.“Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn’trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator(捕食者)—ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.”“Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taizasks.“Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathreat,itwouldbewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn’thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,”Taizsays.“Furthermore,plantshaveplentytodowithouthavingtobeconscious,too.Withsunlight,carbondioxideandwater,plantscreatethecompoundsthatsustainmuchoftherestoflifeonEarth,”Taizpointsout.“Isn’tthatenough?”32.WhatisprobablyLincholTaiz’sopinionconcerningplants?A.Plantspossessanimal-likenervoussystems.B.Plantsperformcomplicatedbehaviorswithbrains.C.Itisnotunderstandablethatplantshaveconsciousness.D.Itisnecessaryforplantstodevelopbrainsforsurvival.33.Whatdoestheunderlined“one”inParagraph4referto?A.Apredator. B.Alivingbeing.C.Aninactiveplant. D.Ameal.34.WhatisthepurposeofLincholTaiz’swordsinParagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tosupportanargument. D.Topresentafact.35.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Life.C.Education. D.Science.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了神經(jīng)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為植物擁有意識，但是加州大學(xué)圣克魯斯分校的LincholTaiz教授并不同意這種觀點(diǎn)，并對此進(jìn)行了說明。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.(但除了這些研究是如何進(jìn)行的爭論之外，塔伊茲的團(tuán)隊認(rèn)為，從進(jìn)化的角度來看，植物有意識的說法甚至講不通)”可知，LincholTaiz認(rèn)為植物有意識的說法講不通，故選C項?！?3題詳解】指代猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchameal(復(fù)雜的動物大腦進(jìn)化到一定程度是為了幫助生物捕食)”可知，復(fù)雜的動物大腦進(jìn)化的部分原因是為了幫助它們捕捉食物，“andavoidbecomingone”承接這一話題，是說它們避免讓自己成為別人的食物，由此可知one指的就是前面提到的ameal，故選D項。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段最后一句“Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.(但除了這些研究是如何進(jìn)行的爭論之外，塔伊茲的團(tuán)隊認(rèn)為，從進(jìn)化的角度來看，植物有意識的說法甚至講不通)”提出LincholTaiz的觀點(diǎn)：植物有意識的說法講不通，根據(jù)第三段中LincholTaiz說的話“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone(復(fù)雜的動物大腦的進(jìn)化在一定程度上是為了幫助生物捕食,并避免成為別人的食物)”及“Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn’trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator(捕食者)—ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.(但是植物扎根于地面，依靠陽光獲取能量，一種不活躍的生活方式，不需要快速思考或智勝捕食者，也不需要昂貴的能量神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)這些行為)”可知，LincholTaiz講述復(fù)雜動物和植物的不同，是為了支持上段提出的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了神經(jīng)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為植物擁有意識，但是加州大學(xué)圣克魯斯分校的LincholTaiz教授并不同意這種觀點(diǎn)，并對此進(jìn)行了說明，所以文章是關(guān)于生物科學(xué)的，應(yīng)是出自雜志的科學(xué)部分。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howtobeamoreresponsibleperson?Responsibilitydoesn’tcomeatbirth.Itissomethingthatisacquiredasyouage,gotoschoolandprogressinlife.However,youcanhearandseealotofdifferentthings,bothgoodandbad.____36____That’swhyyoursenseofresponsibilitydependsonlyonyou.Allofitdependsonyourowndecision.Hereareafewtipsonhowtoimproveyoursenseofresponsibility.____37____Ifyoumakeamistake,admitit.Insteadofmakingexcuses,givethetruereasonwhyyoufailed.Bycomingupwithanexcuse,youactuallyadmittobeingirresponsible.Stopcomplaining.Complainersareusuallythosewhotalktoomuchanddonothing.Byalwayscomplainingabouttheworldaroundyou,youactuallyfillyourselfwithnegativity.____38____Therefore,stopcomplaining!Overcomepostponement.Thefirststeptosuccessistostopputtingthingsoff.Postponementwillleadyounowhere.You’reresponsibleforyourownfuture,sostopdelayingnowandstarttakingactiononwhattrulymatters.____39____Beconsistentandsticktoyourschedule.Havingaroutineisgood.____40____Trytowakeupatthesametimeeveryday.Evenonweekends,youcouldgetupearlierinsteadofstayinginbeduntilnoon.Thiswillgiveyousomeconsistency.Plus,gettingupearlyallowsyoutohavemoretimeforwhateveryouhavetofinishthatday.Additionally,youshouldsetascheduleforyourworkandpersonaltasks,andsticktoit.A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Stopmakingexcusesforyourself.C.Bybeingnegative,youaresufferingterribly.D.Youchooseyourownbehavior,actionsandwords.E.Itmeansorderandmeansyouareontherighttrack.F.Thehoursyouwastedcouldhavebeenusedforbetterthings.G.Eventhoughyounevercomplain,youareobviouslyexhausted.【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.F40.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，告訴人們?nèi)绾纬蔀橐幻?fù)責(zé)任的人。【36題詳解】上文“However,youcanhearandseealotofdifferentthings,bothgoodandbad.”（然而，你會看到和聽到各種各樣的好的或壞的事情。）提到我們會了解到許多不同的事情，好的、壞的都有，D項“你的言行由你自己選擇”承接上文，是下文“yoursenseofresponsibilitydependsonlyonyou”（你的責(zé)任感只取決于你）的原因，為下文“That”所指代。故選D項。【37題詳解】分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處是第二段的主旨句，是增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感的方法一。由下文“Ifyoumakeamistake,admitit.Insteadofmakingexcuses,givethetruereasonwhyyoufailed.”（你犯錯了就得承認(rèn)。不要找借口，而是指出你失敗的真正原因。）可知，該段主要講的增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感的方法是“不要為自己找借口”，B項符合題意。故選B項?！?8題詳解】上文“Byalwayscomplainingabouttheworldaroundyou,youactuallyfillyourselfwithnegativity.”（其實，如果一直抱怨你周圍的世界，你內(nèi)心就會充滿消極。）講的是抱怨會讓你變得十分消極，C項“消極會讓你十分痛苦”進(jìn)一步闡述了由抱怨產(chǎn)生的消極所帶來的后果，與下文“所以，停止抱怨！”形成因果關(guān)系，所以C項符合題意。故選C項?！?9題詳解】上文“You’reresponsibleforyourownfuture,sostopdelayingnowandstarttakingactiononwhattrulymatters.”（你要對自己的未來負(fù)責(zé)，所以現(xiàn)在別再耽誤下去了，要對真正重要的事物展開行動。）講的是不要再耽誤時間，F(xiàn)項“你所浪費(fèi)的時間本可以花在更好的事情上的”則進(jìn)一步指出耽誤的后果，從而說明為什么不要耽誤時間，而要開始行動，所以F項符合題意。故選F項?！?0題詳解】上文“Havingaroutineisgood.”（生活規(guī)律是件好事。）講的是生活規(guī)律很好，E項“這意味著有條理，也意味著你的生活處于正軌”則解釋了為什么生活規(guī)律是件好事，符合題意。故選E項。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、BC和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Yearsago,IhadayoungboyinmyclassthatI’llneverforget.Ourexperiencestogether____41____uponmethegreatinfluencethatjustafewminutesofkindnesscanhaveonayounglife.Juancamefromaverypoorfamilybuthadan____42____abilitytostudy.Iwasshockedwhenhetoldmeonedaythathedidn’tthinkhewas____43____enoughtoattendcollege.Healsofelthecouldn’t____44____it.Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.Hisface____45____withexcitement,andhelookedatmeincredibly.I____46____toexplainhecouldapplyfor____47____topayforcollegeandthatit’dbeawasteofconsiderable____48____ifhedidn’tattendcollege.Thenextmorning,Juantoldmecheerfullyhehad____49____toattendcollege.Hewasmybeststudentthatyear.Hisskillsandabilitiescontinuedtogrowandhis____50____increased.Attheendoftheyear,Juancametothankme.Iwasdeeply____51____whenhetoldmethosefewminutesthatwehadtalkedthepreviousyearhad____52____hislife.Hewasawardedenoughscholarshipstoattendauniversity.Iwasveryproudofhim.Howimportanthadmy____53____reallybeentohim,andtothepathhewouldfollow?Whocouldhaveknowntheimportanceofafewminutesinthelifeofayoungman?MyexperienceswithJuancontributedtomydecisionto____54____intheclassroom.Imaynotdrivethenicestcarontheblock,butI’mveryrichinwhat____55____themost.41.A.urged B.impressed C.pressed D.imposed42.A.ordinary B.average C.unusual D.attractive43.A.cute B.mature C.positive D.smart44.A.afford B.possess C.polish D.quit45.A.wokeup B.tookover C.litup D.turnedover46.A.ceased B.proceeded C.pretended D.rushed47.A.prizes B.awards C.scholarships D.funds48.A.talent B.innocence C.certificate D.status49.A.declined B.resolved C.hesitated D.arranged50.A.competence B.occupation C.comprehension D.confidence51.A.stuck B.moved C.hurt D.absorbed52.A.disturbed B.reflected C.transformed D.justified53.A.opposition B.encouragement C.criterion D.intervention54.A.function B.negotiate C.remain D.inquire55.A.counts B.occurs C.comes D.exists【答案】41.B42.C43.D44.A45.C46.B47.C48.A49.B50.D51.B52.C53.B54.C55.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者鼓勵了一個貧窮家庭的有天賦的學(xué)生，使他不斷增加信心，最終學(xué)生的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響的故事。【41題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一起的經(jīng)歷給我留下了深刻的印象，那就是幾分鐘的善意可以對年輕人的生活產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。A.urged催促；B.impressed使印象深刻；C.pressed壓；D.imposed推行。根據(jù)上文“Yearsago,IhadayoungboyinmyclassthatI’llneverforget.”可知，此處表示一起的經(jīng)歷使作者印象深刻。故選B項。【42題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：胡安來自一個非常貧窮的家庭，但有著不同尋常的學(xué)習(xí)能力。A.ordinary普通的；B.average一般的；C.unusual不尋常的；D.attractive有吸引力的。根據(jù)下文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”可知，作者認(rèn)為胡安是自己最好的學(xué)生之一，所以此處表示胡安有著不同尋常的學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選C項。【43題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)他告訴我他認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明，不能上大學(xué)時，我感到震驚。A.cute可愛的；B.mature成熟的；C.positive積極的；D.smart聰明的。根據(jù)語境，此處表示胡安認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明，不能去上大學(xué)，作者為此感到震驚。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他也覺得自己負(fù)擔(dān)不起。A.afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B.possess擁有；C.polish拋光；D.quit退出。根據(jù)上文“Juancamefromaverypoorfamily”可知，胡安來自于一個非常貧窮的家庭，所以他覺得自己負(fù)擔(dān)不起上大學(xué)。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他興奮得面帶喜悅，難以置信地看著我。A.wokeup醒來；B.tookover接管；C.litup點(diǎn)亮，露出喜色；D.turnedover翻轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)下文“withexcitement,andhelookedatmeincredibly.”可知，因為興奮，胡安面帶喜悅。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我接著解釋說，他可以申請獎學(xué)金來支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，如果他不上大學(xué)，那將是相當(dāng)大的人才浪費(fèi)。A.ceased停止；B.proceeded繼續(xù)；C.pretended假裝；D.rushed急促。根據(jù)上文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”以及語境可知，此處表示作者繼續(xù)向胡安解釋。故選B項。【47題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我接著解釋說，他可以申請獎學(xué)金來支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，如果他不上大學(xué)，那將是相當(dāng)大的人才浪費(fèi)。A.prizes獎勵；B.awards獎勵；C.scholarships獎學(xué)金；D.funds基金。根據(jù)下文“topayforcollege”可知，此處表示胡安可以申請獎學(xué)金來支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)。且下文“Hewasawardedenoughscholarshipstoattendauniversity.”也是提示。故選C項。【48題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我接著解釋說，他可以申請獎學(xué)金來支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，如果他不上大學(xué)，那將是相當(dāng)大的人才浪費(fèi)。A.talent人才；B.innocence清白；C.certificate證書；D.status身份。根據(jù)上文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”可知，作者認(rèn)為胡安是自己最好的學(xué)生之一，如果胡安不上大學(xué)，那是人才的浪費(fèi)。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天早上，胡安高興地告訴我，他決心上大學(xué)。A.declined拒絕；B.resolved解決；C.hesitated猶豫；D.arranged安排。根據(jù)下文“toattendcollege”以及語境可知，此處表示胡安告訴作者，他決心上大學(xué)。故選B項。【50題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的技能和能力不斷提高，信心不斷增強(qiáng)。A.competence能力；B.occupation職業(yè)；C.comprehension理解；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)上文“Hisskillsandabilitiescontinuedtogrow”可知，胡安的技能和能力不斷提高，所以此處表示他的信心不斷增強(qiáng)。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他告訴我前一年我們談話的幾分鐘改變了他的生活時，我深深地感動了。A.stuck卡?。籅.moved感動；C.hurt傷害；D.absorbed吸收。根據(jù)下文“whenhetoldmethosefewminutesthatwehadtalkedthepreviousyearhad____12____hislife.”可知，作者被深深感動了。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他告訴我前一年我們談話的幾分鐘改變了他的生活時，我深深地感動了。A.disturbed干擾；B.reflected反射；C.transformed改變；D.justified證明正當(dāng)。根據(jù)語境，此處表示作者與胡安談話的幾分鐘讓他從不想上大學(xué)到?jīng)Q心上大學(xué)和能力的提高可知，那次談話改變了他的生活。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的鼓勵對他和他將要走的道路有多重要？A.opposition反對；B.encouragement鼓勵；C.criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D.intervention干預(yù)。根據(jù)上文“I6toexplainhecouldapplyfor7topayforcollegeandthatit’dbeawasteofconsiderable8ifhedidn’tattendcollege.”可知，此處表示作者對胡安的鼓勵。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我和胡安的經(jīng)歷促使我決定留在教室里。A.function起作用；B.negotiate協(xié)商；C.remain留下；D.inquire查詢。根據(jù)上文“Ourexperiencestogether1uponmethegreatinfluencethatjustafewminutesofkindnesscanhaveonayounglife.”可知，作者體會到了自己的學(xué)生的積極影響，因此選擇繼續(xù)留在教室里。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我可能開的不是這條街上最好的車，但我在最重要的方面非常富有。A.counts重要；B.occurs發(fā)生；C.comes來；D.exists存在。結(jié)合上文作者對學(xué)生的影響可知，雖然在物質(zhì)方面有不足，但是在重要的方面非常富有。故選A項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LiuKeng-hung’ssocialmediaisgrowinginpopularitythankstohislockdownexercisevideos.LiuKeng-hung,____56____fitnessinstructor,isenjoyingan____57____(explode)inhissocialmediapresenceasmillionsofpeopleinChinahaveturnedtohimforexerciseideasasthey____58____(stick)inlockdownstopreventthespreadofCovid-19.Thetrainer,LiuKeng-hung,____59____sometimeshadamodest20,000viewersforhisvideos____60____thelockdownsinsomeChinesecities,nowhas33.2millionfollowers,andtheaccountcontinuestogrowrapidly.Liu,aTaiwanesesingerandaclosefriendofpopsuperstarJayChou,runsatwo-hourlivestreameverydaytoleadhisfollowers____61____asetofexercise.Theyhavebecomemuch____62____(popular)becauseLiubringsalotofhumortohislessonsanddesignsthem____63____(specific)tobehelpfulduringat-ho