Unit5FirstaidDiscoverusefulstructures課件-高中英語人教版(2019)選擇性

DiscoverusefulstructuresReviewV-ingforms

(doing)Unit5FirstAid1.Climbingmountainisverydangerous.

主語2.IlikewatchingfireworksduringSpringfestival.賓語3.Hishobbyispaintinglandscapes.表語觀察下面句子并分析畫線部分在句中所作的成分

導5.Lookingdownatherphoneasshewalked,shehitthedoor.

4.TheladycarryingacatiscalledDilraba.6.TheheadteachercaughtLiMingnappinginclass.賓語補足語定語狀語

動詞-ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞)在句子中可充當以下成分。動詞-ing主語賓語表語賓語補足語定語狀語√√√√√√1.主語

_____

(learn)someknowledgeoffirstaidatschoolisnecessary.在學校學習一些急救知識是必要的。Learning語法知識點撥學①動名詞(在句子中起名詞作用)作主語時,對于一些比較長的動名詞短語,一般采用“Itis...”和“Thereis...”兩種句式來表示。Itisnogood

_______(learn)withoutpractice.學而不實踐是沒好處的。Thereisno

________(joke)aboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。learningjoking溫馨提示有些動名詞用法已經(jīng)成為固定句型,例如:It’snousedoing...做……沒用It’snogooddoing...做……沒益處/沒好處It’sawasteoftimedoing...做某事是浪費時間It’sworthwhiledoing...做某事是值得的It’snofundoing...做某事沒意思

isClimbingmountains

(be)reallydifficultfortheold.對于老人來說爬山確實困難。②.動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。2.賓語Hemanagedtoescape

_______

(suffer)fromtheburns.他設法避免那種燙傷。After

_______(hear)thefunnystory,allofuscouldn’thelp____________(laugh)eartoear.聽完了那個滑稽故事,我們所有人忍不住大笑了起來。hearinglaughing動名詞可以充當及物動詞或介詞的賓語。suffering①某些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語,例如:

Shecan’tstand_____________(look)downuponinpublic.她忍受不了在公眾場合被人看不起的感覺。beinglooked1.避免錯過少延期(avoid,miss,delay)；2.建議完成多練習(suggest,finish,practice)；3.喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)；4.承認否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy);5.逃避冒險莫原諒(escape,risk,pardon);6.忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)。

溫馨提示②有些動詞短語后用動名詞作賓語,例如:

cannothelp,putoff,keepon,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,giveup,feellike,dreamof,beusedto,getusedto,devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto。Idreamof____________（sail）aroundtheworldandleadingahappylife.我夢想著環(huán)游世界,過上幸福的生活。sailing③在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中,動名詞作介詞的賓語,介詞常省略。

spend...(in)doing...花費……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent...(from)doing...阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doing...浪費時間做某事bebusy(in)doing...忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doing...高興做某事/費了很大勁做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doing...做某事毫無意義Thedoctorspentthreehours__________（treat）himforhisburnsontheback.醫(yī)生花了三個小時治療他背部的燒傷。treatingTheseclothesneed

________（wash）.=Theseclothesneed_________________（wash）.這些衣服需要洗。washingtobewashed④在動詞need,require,want,deserve以及beworth后,用動詞-ing形式表示被動意義,即need/require/want/deservedoing=need/require/want/deservetobedone。3.表語1.動名詞做表語，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容：=Recitingthetextisourhomeworktoday.Ourhomeworktodayis

_______

(recite)thetext.我們今天的作業(yè)是背誦課文。=Recitingthetextisourhomeworktoday.2.現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特點：Thenewsisveryexciting.

reciting

有些動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。(1)在“感官動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用的動詞或動詞短語有see,watch,hear,feel,find,notice,observe,catch,listento,lookat等。Canyouhearher

________

(sing)thesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁房間唱歌嗎?4.賓語補足語singingHekeptthecar

______________

(wait)atthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。waiting溫馨提示Hesawher___________

(work)inthegarden.(Shewasworkinginthe

garden.)他看見她正在花園里干活。Hesawher

____________

(enter)theroom.(Sheenteredtheroom.)他看見她走進了屋子。workingenter(2)在“使役動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用的動詞有get,have,keep,leave,send,set等。Istayedinthe____________(sleep)carfortwodays.我在臥鋪車廂里待了兩天。Istayedinthecar______________(head)forBeijingfortwodays.我在開往北京的車里待了兩天。sleepingheading(1)單個分詞作定語時,常常出現(xiàn)在被限定的名詞前,用來說明該名詞的用途(也稱動名詞作定語);(2)分詞短語作定語時,放在被限定的名詞后面(與被修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主動關系。）5.定語現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別。①動名詞作定語表示被限定名詞的用途。asleepingcar一節(jié)臥鋪車廂=acar

sleeping(表示用途,稱為動名詞)②現(xiàn)在分詞表示被修飾的名詞所發(fā)出的動作,與被修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主動關系。asleepingchild一個睡覺的孩子=achildwho

forissleepingExample:areadingroom,awashingmachine,ashoppingmall

閱覽室洗衣機購物中心溫馨提示6.狀語(1)表示時間。

(pass)theplace,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofwhathappenedthedaybefore.

路過那個地方時,我不禁想起頭一天發(fā)生的事情。溫馨提示強調(diào)時間意義時,分詞前可以加上while,when等從屬連接詞。Passing分詞在句中作狀語,可以表示時間、原因、條件、方式、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨等。(6)表示結(jié)果。

Mygrandpafelloffthebike,__________(break)hisrightarmandleg.我爺爺從自行車上摔下來,摔斷了右胳膊和右腿。breaking溫馨提示Ihurriedtoschool,only____________(find)itwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學校,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。tofind現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,是隨著謂語動詞動作的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果,而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,有時前面可以加only。①現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)。

_______________(finish)theletter,hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的,went是后發(fā)生的)Havingfinished現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,要注意分詞的時間性,是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing),還是用完成式(havingdone)。當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生,而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時,用分詞的完成式。溫馨提示:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時的注意事項。

____________

(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.完成了作業(yè)后,他上床睡覺。(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)

_____

(show)aroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.被領著參觀了工廠后,他們很高興。(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式)HavingbeenshownHavingfinished使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式(havingdone)還是被動式(havingbeendone),這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關系。②現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)。高考真題體驗1.Theyrepresenttheearth

(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷,語法填空)

答案及剖析:1.coming考查非謂語動詞。theearth和come之間是邏輯上的主動關系,故用動詞-ing形式。coming練2.Oliversaysifyou’reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoys

(cook),askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.(2020年北京卷,語法填空改編)

答案及剖析:2.cooking考查非謂語動詞。enjoydoingsth.“喜歡做某事”,動詞-ing形式作賓語。故填cooking。cooking3.Nervously

(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.(2019年北京卷,語法填空)

答案及剖析:3.facing考查非謂語動詞。分析句式可知,此處face是非謂語動詞作狀語,其邏輯主語是I,face與邏輯主語之間是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,填facing。facing單句語法填空1.Fast

food

is

full

of

fat

and

salt;

by_______

（eat）

more

fast

food

will

people

ɡet

more

salt

and

fat

than

they

need

in

their

diet.eatinɡ2.This

included

diɡɡinɡ

up

the

road,_______

（lay）

the

track

and

then

buildinɡ

a

stronɡ

roof

over

the

top.3.You

may

reduce

your

risk

of______

（die）

early

by

runninɡ.layinɡdyinɡ4.I

quickly

lower

myself,duckinɡ