湖南省株洲市炎陵縣2023-2024學年高二下學期開學英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省株洲市炎陵縣2023-2024學年高二下學期開學英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進行自行車租賃和雇傭導游的操作方式，價格等細節(jié)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.(我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。【22題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點開始)”可知，導游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。【24題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學學習了農業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。【25題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點，倡導簡單的數字生活方式?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書的目標是為數字極簡主義辯護，包括詳細探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學)”可知，這本書的目的是倡導簡單的數字生活方式。故選B。【29題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內遠離可選的在線活動。在30天結束的時候，你再加上一些你認為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導您進行自己的數字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進行的一項實驗，在該實驗中，1600多人同意進行數字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實驗與數字清理的實際例子。故選C。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以將這些實踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據需要與實際情況使用第二部分中提及的實踐。故選A。DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應。實驗表明，在某些情況下大量獨立估計的平均值可能是相當準確的?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第二段內容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應利用了這樣一個事實，即當人們犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時，它們會相互抵消，從而產生更準確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯誤變得相關或依賴，估計的準確性就會下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會產生更準確的估計，討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產生更準確的預測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現象的基本邏輯。故選B。【33題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項研究的關鍵發(fā)現是，當人群被進一步劃分為允許進行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。例如，從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準確)”可知，人們在沒有獨立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準確的，說明即使在估計數字并非完全獨立的情況下，準確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一項針對100名大學生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對自己的估計最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實際做了什么。結合兩個問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點是小組內的討論過程。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領導的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認為雖然Navajas領導的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.____36____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____37____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____38____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____39____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____40____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】36.D37.B38.F39.C40.G【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們練習自我寬恕，并提供了一個簡單的寫作練習來增強自信。通過列出個人的優(yōu)點和善良的行為，人們可以學會原諒自己的錯誤，并從中成長?！?6題詳析】根據空前內容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.(為錯誤承擔責任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責。人孰能無過)”可知，作者認為人都會犯錯，勇于承擔責任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責。結合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的寫作練習來幫助你做到這一點)”中的“dothis”以及下文內容可推斷，空處應該內容和“不要太自責”相似。選項D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要)”與“不要太自責”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D。【37題詳析】根據空前內容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫上“個人優(yōu)點”)”以及空后內容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個好的傾聽者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個性中的優(yōu)點。選項B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點)”符合上下文內容，下文內容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點。故選B?！?8題詳析】根據上文內容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時候，當你沒有被要求卻主動熨衣服的時候，或者當你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時候)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來)”與上文內容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F?！?9題詳析】根據空后內容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見，談談是什么讓你們每個人都與眾不同，以及你們個性中閃光的方面)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。選項C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習)”符合語境，C項中的“they”與空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時選項C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事實上，不要等到你犯了錯誤才去嘗試這個——這是一個在任何時候都能增強自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故選C?！?0題詳析】根據空前內容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多數人不是從他們的成功中學習，而是從他們的錯誤中學習，這是陳詞濫調。但事實是，這是真的)”可知，作者認為人是從錯誤中學習。選項G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么錯誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合語境，G項中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我們一直在改變和學習，錯誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過錯誤來成長。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____41____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____42____camebecauseshewascarryinga____43____acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____44____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____45____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____46____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____47____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____48____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____49____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme_____50_____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore_____51_____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig_____52_____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t_____53_____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe_____54_____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe_____55_____ofhumankindnesswontheday.41.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished42.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse43.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor44.A.race B.school C.town D.training45.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised46.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice47.A.wentaway B.stoodup C.steppedaside D.bentdown48.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal49.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated50.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness51.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged52.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal53.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand54.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show55.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange【答案】41.D42.A43.D44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.B50.B51.C52.D53.A54.C55.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在明尼蘇達州舉行的一次越野賽中，MelanieBailey背著另一個參賽者DanielleLenoue過終點線并接受醫(yī)療檢查的善行義舉?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：MelanieBailey應該更早完成比賽。A.designed設計；B.followed跟隨；C.changed改變；D.finished完成。根據下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget________attention”可知，Bailey在比賽中背一名參賽者，所以完成比賽晚了，因此句子表示“MelanieBailey應該更早完成比賽”。故選D。【42題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因為她背著一名競爭對手沖過終點線。A.delay延誤；B.chance機會；C.trouble麻煩；D.excuse借口。根據上文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave________thecourseearlierthanshedid”和上一題的解析可知，MelanieBailey應該更早完成比賽，她的延遲是因為她背著一名競爭對手沖過終點線。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因為她背著一名參賽者沖過終點線。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同學；D.competitor參賽者。根據第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，她是背著一名參賽者沖過終點線。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：據當地一家報紙報道，當Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時候，她前面的一名選手開始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比賽；B.school學校；C.town城鎮(zhèn)；D.training訓練。根據第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，此處是說“當Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時候”。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回來；C.stopped停止；D.promised答應。根據下文“tohelpherfellowrunner”可知，她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bailey扶著她的胳膊，看看她能否幫助下向前走。A.courage勇氣；B.aid幫助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建議。根據上文“Baileytookherarm”可知，此處表示看她是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.wentaway離開；B.stoodup站起來；C.steppedaside讓路；D.bentdown彎腰。根據下文“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherback”可知，Bailey彎下腰，讓勒諾爬到她的背上。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.medical醫(yī)療的；B.public公眾的；C.constant持續(xù)不斷的；D.equal平等的。根據上文“begancryinginpain”可知，DanielleLenoue很疼，所以是要接受治療，medicalattention意為“醫(yī)療救助”。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了檢查，后來被送往醫(yī)院，在那里她得知自己的一個膝蓋受了重傷。A.interrupted打斷；B.assessed評估；C.identified識別；D.appreciated感激。根據下文“l(fā)atertakentoahospital”可知，她是先接受了檢查，再被送往醫(yī)院，也就是先接受評估。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達那個援助檢查站。A.hunger饑餓；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲勞。根據第5空前的“begancryinginpain”可知，此處表示“如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達那個援助檢查站”。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認為是一件大事。A.worried擔心的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄氣的。根據下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認為是一件大事感到困惑。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認為是一件大事。A.game游戲；B.problem問題；C.lesson課；D.deal交易，局面。根據下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認為是一件大事感到困惑，abigdeal意為“非常重要的事”。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能離開她。A.leave離開；B.cure治愈；C.bother打擾；D.understand理解。根據上文“Shewasjustcrying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點線，然后又走了300英尺?？芍珺ailey看見Lenoue哭喊，所以覺得不能離開她。故選A。【54題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這兩個年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人，但后來她們成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test測試；C.meet體育比賽；D.show展示。根據第一段“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”及空前的“thetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore”可知，當時是一場比賽，句子表示“這兩個年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人”。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人都沒有贏得比賽，但展示出的人類善良贏得了勝利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交換。根據第二段的“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget________attention”可知，Bailey背著一個參賽者過終點，并背她去接受檢查，這展示了人類的善良。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,____56____(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____57____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____58____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe____59____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed____60____hand