山西省2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍1.Whydoesn’tTomjoininthesoccerpractice?A.Hehurthisleg. B.Hemissedthetime. C.Hedislikesthesport.【答案】A【原文】W:Hey,Tom!Whyareyousittinghereinsteadofjoininginthesoccerpractice?M:Ihurtmylegjustnow.Luckily,itisnotserious.I’mjustwatchingthemplay.2.WhenwillthewomanprobablybeabletomeetMr.King?A.NextTuesday. B.NextWednesday. C.NextThursday.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme,canImakeanappointmentwithMr.KingonApril11th?M:Letmesee.YoumeannextWednesday?W:Yes.Isheavailablethen?M:No,heisn’t.Howaboutthedaybeforethat?3.Howwillthespeakersgotothemuseum?A.Bycar. B.Bybike. C.Bysubway.【答案】C【原文】W:Ithinkit’salongwaytoridetothemuseum.Let’sdrivethere.M:Butit’sdifficulttoparkthereduringGoldenWeek.Howabouttakingthesubway?W:Itseemsthatitisthebestchoice.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Fatheranddaughter. C.Waitressandcustomer.【答案】A【原文】W:Howabouteatingout,Steve?M:Soundsgood.Thereisanewrestaurantdownstairs.Ihearitmakesdeliciousdumplings.W:Let’stry.Oh,I’llbuysomesandwichesnearbyafterthat.Ourdaughterwillbehappytoeatthem.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Courseplans. B.Collegemajors. C.Medicaladvances.【答案】B【原文】W:Ican’tdecidewhattostudyincollegenextyear.M:Meneither.Computersciencehasbeenhottheseyears,butIthinkit’schangingtoofast.W:Iagree.Maybewecanconsidersomethinglikemedicineandbusiness.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Wheredidthemanfindhisschoolbag?A.Inthelab. B.Underatree. C.Inthelibrary.7.Whatisthewomangoingtodotomorrow?A.Gotothebank. B.Dosomeshopping. C.Meetwithadesigner.【答案】6.B7.B【原文】W:Wheredidyousayyoufoundyourschoolbag?M:Itwaslyingunderatreebetweenthelanguagelabandthelibrarybuilding.W:Doyoulikethisbag?M:Yeah!It’swonderfullydesigned.W:Howmuchisit?M:Itwas69dollarsand50cents,butI’vehearditis5dollarscheapernow.W:Great.Ilikeit,too.I’lltakeonetomorrow.DidyoubuyitintheSunshineStore?M:No,SundayStore.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Reading. B.Cleaning. C.Smoking.9.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Tidyaroom. B.Stopsmoking. C.Callthepolice.10.Howdoesthemansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Ashamed. B.Relaxed. C.Pleased.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】W:Excuseme,sir.Doyouknowthewholefloorisanon-smokingarea?M:No,Idon’t.ButIthinkIhavetherighttosmoke.W:Ofcourseyouhavetherighttosmoke,butyoucan’tsmokehere.Look!Thereisanon-smokingsign.Youhavetoputoutyourcigaretterightnow.M:Well,I’mgoingtofinishthiscigaretterightaway.WouldyoumindifIsmokedhereforalittlewhile?W:Yes,ImustsayIdomindverymuch.Andyoucan’tbreaktherule.M:Butitisinconvenienttofindasmokingarearightnow,isn’tit?W:That’syourownbusiness.Asyousaid,Ialsohavetherighttobreathefreshandcleanair.Ifyoudon’twanttoputoutyourcigarette,Iwillcallthesecurityoffice.M:OK,OK.I’msorryforthat.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Howmanyfilmticketshasthemancollected?A.About200. B.About1,000. C.About2,000.12.Whydoesthemankeepanotebook?A.Torecordthingsaboutmovies.B.Towritedownhisbrightideas.C.Togiveittothewomanasagift.13.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofTheLordoftheRings?A.Itisboring. B.Itistooold. C.Itisaclassic.【答案】11.C12.A13.C【原文】W:Iheardyou’vebeencollectingcinematicketsforquiteawhile.M:Yes,it’sbeenahobbyofmineforovertwentyyears.IstartedoutjusttokeeptheticketsfrommoviesIreallyenjoyed,butthenitturnedintoabigcollection.W:Howmanyticketshaveyoucollectedsofar?M:I’vehadaround2,000ticketsnow,andalmosthalfofthemweregivenbymyfriendsandcolleagues.W:Wow,that’salot!Wheredoyoukeepthemall?M:IhaveaspecialboxwhereIstorethem.IalsokeepanotebookwhereIwritedownthedate,time,andtheaterwhereIsaweachmovie.I’malsothinkingaboutputtingmyfavoriteticketsinalovelyalbumlateron.W:That’sreallycool!What’syourfavoriteticketinyourcollection?M:It’shardtochoosejustone,butIreallylovetheticketfromthefirsttimeIsawTheLordoftheRingsinthetheater.Itwassuchaspecialexperience.W:Icanimagine.Thatmovieisaclassic.M:Itreallyis.I’mgladIwasabletoseeitinthetheaterwhenitfirstcameout.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatdidthemanwanttobewhenhewasfive?A.Anofficer. B.Aspaceman. C.Ashopkeeper.15.Howoldwasthemanwhenhewantedtojointhearmy?A.Aboutfive. B.Aboutsix. C.Aboutseven.16.Whowasinthearmy?A.Theman’ssister. B.Theman’sparent. C.Theman’suncle.17.Whatdidthewomanliketodoinherchildhood?A.Setupshops. B.Savemoney. C.Buildhouses.【答案】14.B15.B16.C17.A【原文】W:Whatdidyouwanttobewhenyouwerelittle?M:WhenIwasfive,Iwantedtobeaspaceman,mainlybecausemostofmytoyswerespaceships.Butataroundtheageofsix,IdecidedthatIwantedtojointhearmy.W:Why?M:Well,maybeitwasbecausemytoyschangedfromspaceshipstotanks!Andmyunclewasinthearmyandheusedtocometomyhousequiteoftenandtellmestoriesaboutthearmy.Whatdidyouwanttobewhenyouwereyoung?W:Iwantedtobeashopkeeperforquiteawhile.Likeyou,IthinkitwasrelatedtowhatIusedtoplay.MysisterandIusedtosetupshops—we’dsellanythingwefoundlyingaroundthehouse,andvisiteachother’sshopsandbuythingswithfakemoney.Ofcourse,weweren’treallybuyingorsellinganything.M:Interesting!聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.WhatisthepurposeoftheGardenClub?A.Tocreatecommunityspirit.B.Toteachstudentstogrowfood.C.Tosellvegetablesintheschool.19.Whatcanyoutryifyouattendthefirstmeeting?A.Carrots. B.Potatoes. C.Tomatoes.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Towelcomethefirst-yearstudents.B.Toencouragestudentstoeatvegetables.C.Toinvitestudentstosignupfortheclub.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】W:Goodmorning,everyone.TheGardenClubispleasedtoannouncethatwewillholdourfirstmeetingoftheyearthedayaftertomorrow.Yes,itwillbeonFriday.PleasecometoRoom207tolearnmoreabouttheexcitingworkthatwearedoingatschool,onthefarmandinthecommunity.TheGardenClubwasestablishedtoteachstudentshowtogrowfood.Wedonatedsomeofwhatwegrewtolocalfoodassistanceprograms.Andweofferedsometoourschoolcanteen,too.Ifyoucometoourfirstmeeting,youcantrysomeofthetomatoeswegrewinthesummer.Allstudentsarewelcome!Pleasenotethatfirst-yearstudentswillnotbeallowedtoworkonthefarmorincommunitygardens,buttheycanworkinourschoolgarden.WewillbeginplantingpotatoesandcabbagesintheschoolgardennextMonday.Areyouinterestedingrowingvegetables?Pleasesignupforourclubtoday!第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACHEAPEATSGUIDETOBARCELONANostrumNostrumisachain(連鎖店)oftakeawayfood.Youcanalsoeatin.Theyhaveawidevarietyofdishes:soup,pasta,rice,meat,fish,seasonalfruits,etc.Thepriceisverygood.Ifyoudownloadtheirappinyourmobile,youcanjointheNostrumfanclubwhereyoucangetdishesfor€1to€3.Greatdeal,huh?Healthyandcheapaschips.OntheirwebsiteyoucanfinddifferentshopsaroundBarcelona.LaBoqueriaLaBoqueriaisthemostfamousmarketinBarcelona.Inthemarket,youcanfindanykindofgourmetingredientsandgreatqualityoffruitandvegetables.Ithasbecomeverypopularamongtouristsaswell.ThemostfamousbarinLaBoqueriaisBarPinotxo,aclassic.Ifyouhavethechance,stopbytoseethedishesandtheatmosphere.Itisnotthecheapestplacetoeatinthemarket,butneverthelessitiswellworthavisit.LasFernandezTheamazingdishyouhavetotryhereisthePapadon’tpreach—friedpotatoeswithaspinachsauce(菠菜醬).Verytasty.Myfavoriteisbaconrolls—shoulderofpork—filledwithavocadoaugratin.Youcanhaveafulldishorhalf,dependingonwhetheryoudecidetogofordifferenttapas(餐前小吃).Ilovetosharedishesandforthis,itistheperfectplacetogowithfriends.TacosTacosAnewdiscoveryofthisyearisTacosTacos,acheapMexicanrestaurant.Thetacosareallverygood.Thenameofthetacosmakesitfuntoorder!MyrecommendationisTingadepollo,andmyfavoritesareGilipollas(onionblackpudding)andHijodelachinada(chickenwithmole).Theyhavegreatnachoswithguacamoletoo!21.WhatwillyougetifyoujointheNostrumfanclub?A.Afreetakeawaymeal. B.Lower-priceddishes.C.Adiscountonallsoup. D.Tipsforlosingweight.22.WhatisspecialaboutLaBoqueria?A.Itisanotablemarket. B.Itisasupermarketchain.C.Itisrunbyafamouscook. D.Itisthecheapestplacetoeat.23.WhereshouldyougototasteMexicanfood?A.Nostrum. B.BarPinotxo.C.TacosTacos. D.LasFernandez.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了巴塞羅那幾處美食打卡地?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Nostrum中的“Ifyoudownloadtheirappinyourmobile,youcanjointheNostrumfanclubwhereyoucangetdishesfor€1to€3.Greatdeal,huh?Healthyandcheapaschips.(如果你在手機(jī)上下載了他們的應(yīng)用程序，你就可以加入Nostrum的粉絲俱樂部，在那里你可以花1到3歐元買到菜肴。很不錯，是吧？健康又便宜。)”可知，加入Nostrum粉絲團(tuán)就可享受低價美食。故選B。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LaBoqueria中的“LaBoqueriaisthemostfamousmarketinBarcelona.(LaBoqueria是巴塞羅那最著名的市場。)”并對比其他三家餐館情況可知，LaBoqueria是當(dāng)?shù)刈钪拇笫袌?。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TacosTacos中的“AnewdiscoveryofthisyearisTacosTacos,acheapMexicanrestaurant.(今年的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是TacosTacos，一家廉價的墨西哥餐廳。)”可知，品嘗墨西哥菜應(yīng)前往TacosTacos。故選C。BRodrigoBoteroGarcia,aColombianenvironmentalist,wonStanfordUniversity’sBrightAwardforEnvironmentalSustainability(可持續(xù)性).Theawardhonorsoutstandingeffortsinsustainability.BoteroreceivedthisprizeforhisworkinsavingbigareasofrainforestintheAmazonandencouragingsustainabledevelopment.TheBrightAwardfocusesonadifferentglobalregioneachyear.WinnersareselectedbyateamofStanfordstudentsandprofessors,ledbyProfessorBartonThompson,anexpertinnaturalresourceslaw.Thompsonhighlightedtheuniquefeaturesoftheaward,includingstudents’involvement.Hesaid,“Tome,thisisquiteimportantbecauseitisourstudentswhoaregoingtobethenextgenerationofproblemsolvers,thenextgenerationofthosewhoaregoingtoleadthewaytowardssustainability.”BoterohasspentovertenyearsfightingagainstdeforestationandsupportinglocalcommunitiesintheAmazon.HestartedtheConservationandSustainableDevelopmentFoundationin2011.Thisorganizationhashelpedprotectmillionsofhectaresoflandandexpand(擴(kuò)大)Colombia’sChiribiqueteNationalPark,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.Botero’sworkalsoincludesdiscussingwithvariousgroupssuchasofficials,thearmy,andthelocals.Hestressedtheimportanceofbuildingtrustinthesediscussionsandputtingoneselfintheshoesofothers.“Bylisteningtoothersandunderstandingtheirstruggles,wecanfindcommonground,”hesaid.Despiteprogress,hefacedchallengesfromgroupsunwillingtocompromise(妥協(xié)).“NumerousenvironmentalleadersinColombia,theAmazon,LatinAmericaandbeyond,arefacingthreatstotheirsafetyandlives,”Boterosaid.“Ibelievethatthisprizeisimportanttohonortheircourageandtoremindmetocontinuethework,bothforthosewhoarestillwithusandforthosewhoarenothere,forthebenefitofourchildrenandfuturegenerationstocreateabetterworld.”24.WhydidBoteroreceivetheBrightAward?A.Fordevelopinganewwildlifepark.B.ForleadingaresearchteamatStanford.C.ForprotectingtheAmazonrainforest.D.Forhelpingstudentsfrompoorfamilies.25.Whoplayedapartinselectingtheprizewinner?A.Soldiers. B.Officials.C.Localfarmers. D.Stanfordstudents.26.WhatdidBoterosayabouttheenvironmentalworkinColombia?A.It’seasy. B.It’srisky.C.It’sprofitable. D.It’sconfusing.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBotero?A.Creative. B.Humorous.C.Light-hearted. D.Strong-willed.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。本文主要介紹了哥倫比亞環(huán)保人士RodrigoBoteroGarcia十幾年來致力于保護(hù)亞馬遜熱帶雨林，他因此榮獲斯坦福大學(xué)頒發(fā)的獎項?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“BoteroreceivedthisprizeforhisworkinsavingbigareasofrainforestintheAmazonandencouragingsustainabledevelopment.(Botero因其在拯救亞馬遜大片雨林和鼓勵可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的工作而獲得該獎項。)”可知，Botero因其在拯救亞馬遜大片雨林和鼓勵可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的工作而獲得BrightAward，由此可知，Botero獲得BrightAward因為他保護(hù)了亞馬遜雨林。故選C項。【25題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“WinnersareselectedbyateamofStanfordstudentsandprofessors,ledbyProfessorBartonThompson,anexpertinnaturalresourceslaw.(獲獎?wù)哂伤固垢４髮W(xué)的學(xué)生和教授組成的團(tuán)隊選出，該團(tuán)隊由自然資源法專家BartonThompson教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。)”可知，獲獎?wù)哂伤固垢４髮W(xué)的學(xué)生和教授組成的團(tuán)隊選出，由此可知，斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生參與了獲獎?wù)叩脑u選。故選D項?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句““NumerousenvironmentalleadersinColombia,theAmazon,LatinAmericaandbeyond,arefacingthreatstotheirsafetyandlives,”Boterosaid.(Botero說：“哥倫比亞、亞馬遜、拉丁美洲和其他地區(qū)的許多環(huán)保領(lǐng)袖正面臨著安全和生命的威脅?！薄?”可知，Botero說哥倫比亞、亞馬遜、拉丁美洲和其他地區(qū)的許多環(huán)保領(lǐng)袖正面臨著安全和生命的威脅，由此可知，Botero認(rèn)為哥倫比亞的環(huán)境工作是有風(fēng)險的。故選B項?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“BoterohasspentovertenyearsfightingagainstdeforestationandsupportinglocalcommunitiesintheAmazon.(Botero花了十多年的時間與森林砍伐作斗爭，并支持亞馬遜地區(qū)的當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)。)”可知，Botero花了十多年的時間與森林砍伐作斗爭，由此可知，他是一個意志堅強(qiáng)的人。故選D項。CManypeoplethinkgettingfitmeansspendingmoretimeinthegym.However,fitnessexpertssuggestthattakingbreaks,likea“deloadweek”,canimproveyourresults.Adeloadweekisaperiodwhenyoureducetheintensity(強(qiáng)度)ofyourworks.Itisusuallydoneeveryfourtoeightweeks,especiallyduringintensetraining.Thisbreakallowsyourbodytorecoverfromthestresscausedbyheavyexercise.Whenyoutrainhard,yourmusclesdevelopsmalltears,andinflammation(發(fā)炎)occurs.Thisprocessisnecessaryforbuildingstrength,butrecoveryisjustasimportant.Withoutrest,yourmusclesmaystayinadamagedstate,leadingtopoorperformanceandlesseffectivetraining.Deloadweeksgiveyourmusclestimetorecoverandimprove.Somegym-goersworrythattakingbreaksmightmakethemloseprogress.Butstudiesshowthatmuscleshavea“memory”.Afterrest,yourmusclesrespondbetterandgrowfasterwhenyoustarttrainingagain.Evenafterseveralweeksofreducedtraining,yourstrengthcanreturnquickly,oftenfasterthanittooktogettothatlevelinthefirstplace.Restalsohelpspreventover-trainingsyndrome(綜合癥狀),whichhappenswhenyouexercisetoomuchwithoutenoughrecovery.Symptomsincludetiredness,poorerperformance,andfeelingbad.Over-trainingcantakeweeksorevenmonthstoovercome.It’sclearthatrecoverytimeisimportantforbothfitnessandoverallhealth.Restdaysmeanlittleornoexercise,usuallyonceortwiceaweek.Deloadweeks,ontheotherhand,stillincludelightworkoutsbutatamuchlowerintensity.Bothhelprecoveryandimprovefitness.Forthosetrainingintenselyforeventslikemarathons,bothrestdaysanddeloadweeksshouldbeincluded.Generalgym-goers,workingoutlessoften,maynotneeddeloadweeksasoften.Fitnessexpertsrecommendaddingadeloadweekeveryfourtosixweeks.Ifperformancestartstodrop,itmightbetimetoincludeone.Deloadweeksnotonlyhelpfitnessbutalsoprotectoverallhealth.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A.Explainanidea. B.Correctamistake.C.Giveanexample. D.Makeacomparison.29.Whyaresomegym-goersworriedabouttakingbreaks?A.Itwouldtaketoomuchtime. B.Itmightinfluencetheirprogress.C.Itmaychangetheexerciseplan. D.Itcouldstoptheirmusclesgrowing.30.Whatdofitnessexpertssuggest?A.Buildingstrengthinourupperbody.B.Keepingtrackofourworkoutpartners.C.Restingforoneweekafterintensetraining.D.Schedulingtimetorecoverinworkoutplans.31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneSideEffectofOver-training B.AMisunderstandingAboutSportsEventsC.ReasonsBehindPositiveChanges D.TheImportanceofRestinFitnessTraining【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是通過引入“deloadweek”概念，解釋為何適當(dāng)?shù)男菹⒑突謴?fù)對于提升訓(xùn)練效果及預(yù)防過度訓(xùn)練綜合癥至關(guān)重要?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,fitnessexpertssuggestthattakingbreaks,likea“deloadweek”,canimproveyourresults.(但是，健身專家認(rèn)為，休息時間，例如“DeloadWeek”，可以改善你的結(jié)果。)”和第二段“Adeloadweekisaperiodwhenyoureducetheintensity(強(qiáng)度)ofyourworks.Itisusuallydoneeveryfourtoeightweeks,especiallyduringintensetraining.Thisbreakallowsyourbodytorecoverfromthestresscausedbyheavyexercise.(減量周是指你降低工作強(qiáng)度的一段時間。通常每四到八周進(jìn)行一次，尤其是在高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練期間。這個休息期讓你的身體重體力運(yùn)動帶來的壓力中恢復(fù)過來。)”可推知，作者在第二段主要是為了解釋DeloadWeek這一概念，故選A?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Somegym-goersworrythattakingbreaksmightmakethemloseprogress.

(一些健身房會員擔(dān)心，休息可能會讓他們失去進(jìn)步。)”可知，一些健身房會員擔(dān)心休息可能會影響他們的進(jìn)步。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,fitnessexpertssuggestthattakingbreaks,likea“deloadweek”,canimproveyourresults.(但是，健身專家認(rèn)為，休息時間，例如“DeloadWeek”，可以改善你的結(jié)果。)”和最后一段中“Fitnessexpertsrecommendaddingadeloadweekeveryfourtosixweeks.Ifperformancestartstodrop,itmightbetimetoincludeone.Deloadweeksnotonlyhelpfitnessbutalsoprotectoverallhealth.(健身專家建議每四到六個星期增加一次Deload周。如果性能開始下降，則可能是時候包括一個。DeloadWeeks不僅有助于健身，還可以保護(hù)整體健康。)”可知，健身專家建議安排恢復(fù)鍛煉計劃的時間。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“However,fitnessexpertssuggestthattakingbreaks,likea“deloadweek”,canimproveyourresults.(但是，健身專家認(rèn)為，休息時間，例如“DeloadWeek”，可以改善你的結(jié)果。)”可知，文章主要介紹了研究表明鍛煉之余適當(dāng)修養(yǎng)才能提升健身效果。D項“在健身鍛煉中休息的重要性”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選D。DDeepintheunderwaterworld,animalslikestarfishuseunusualwaystoescapehunters.Inanactcalledautotomy,starfishdroponeormoreoftheirarmstosurviveattacks.Thelostbodypartdistractstheattacker,allowingthestarfishtorunawayquickly.Overtime,thestarfishcangrowbackthelostarm,returningtotheirusuallifeafterabrushwithdeath.Afewyearsago,MauriceElphick,whostudiedstarfishbehavioratQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,andAnaTinoco,apostdoctoralresearcher,oftensawstarfishmissingoneormorearmswhentheycollectedthesecreaturesalongbeaches.Amazedbythisobservation,theydecidedtoinvestigatehowtheautotomyworks.Recently,Elphick’steamdiscoveredamolecule(分子)thathelpsstarfishdroptheirarms.Researchersfoundthataneuropeptide(神經(jīng)肽)calledArSK/CCK1controlsthisprocess.Wheninjectedintostarfish,themoleculecausedsomeofthemtodroptheirarms.However,notallstarfishinjectedwiththisneuropeptidelosttheirarms.Thissuggeststhatthemoleculeworkswithotherfactors,likestress.Totestthis,scientistspressedstarfisharmswithaspecialtool.Whenstressedandinjectedwiththeneuropeptide,moststarfishdroppedtheirarms.Thisstudyshowedthattheneuropeptidemaysoftenandbreaktissues(細(xì)胞組織)atthebaseofthestarfisharm,whichisanimportantstepinautotomy.Researchersalsofoundthatthemoleculeexistsinstarfishevenwhentheyarenotlosingarms,readytoactwhenneeded,sincestarfishareoftenattackedbyhunters’mid-meal.“It’sareallybeautifulstudy,”saidEmilyClaereboudt,abiologistattheUniversityofBergen.“Thestudycanprovideinsightsintosimilarmoleculesinhumans,whichmayeventuallyhelpimprovetissueregeneration.Butthatwouldbealong-termgoal.”Elphickagreed.Fornow,Elphickisexcitedabouttheresults.“Ihopethiswilldeepenourunderstandingofautotomyandregenerationacrosstheanimalkingdom,”hesaid.32.Whatcanweknowaboutautotomy?A.Itisstarfish’ssurvivalskill. B.Itallowsstarfishtogrowfast.C.Itisstarfish’suniqueability. D.Ithelpsstarfishhuntforfood.33.Whichbestexplains“distracts”underlinedinthefirstparagraph?A.Searchesforcarefully. B.Drawssomeone’sattention.C.Countonunwillingly. D.Warmlywelcomessomeone.34.WhatdidElphick’sresearchfind?A.Howstarfishcuttieswiththeirarms.B.Howhuntersmanagetoattackstarfish.C.Howstarfishrecoverfromseriousinjuries.D.Howwildanimalssurvivenaturaldisasters.35.WhatdidClaereboudtexpectofthestudy?A.It’llavoidmisunderstandingaboutmolecules.B.It’llchangeourattitudetowardscuteanimals.C.It’llinspirenewideasforhumantissuerepair.D.It’llaskustoputeffortintowildlifeprotection.【答案】32.A33.B34.A35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)了海星自斷觸手的秘密。【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inanactcalledautotomy,starfishdroponeormoreoftheirarmstosurviveattacks.(在一種叫做自切的行為中，海星會切掉一條或更多的觸手來生存攻擊。)”可知，自切行為是海星的生存技巧。故選A?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“allowingthestarfishtorunawayquickly(讓海星迅速逃跑)”并結(jié)合句意可知，海星切斷自己的身體部位，分散攻擊者的注意力，這樣海星就能迅速逃跑，由此可知，劃線單詞意為“分散注意力”，與B項“Drawssomeone’sattention.(吸引某人的注意力)”意思相近，故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Recently,Elphick’steamdiscoveredamolecule(分子)thathelpsstarfishdroptheirarms.Researchersfoundthataneuropeptide(神經(jīng)肽)calledArSK/CCK1controlsthisprocess.Wheninjectedintostarfish,themoleculecausedsomeofthemtodroptheirarms.(最近，埃爾菲克的團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幫助海星掉落觸手的分子。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種名為ArSK/CCK1的肽控制著這一過程。當(dāng)這種分子被注入海星時，一些海星會掉落它們的觸手。)”可知，Elphick的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了海星是如何用自己的觸手切斷細(xì)胞組織的，故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““It’sareallybeautifulstudy,”saidEmilyClaereboudt,abiologistattheUniversityofBergen.“Thestudycanprovideinsightsintosimilarmoleculesinhumans,whichmayeventuallyhelpimprovetissueregeneration.Butthatwouldbealong-termgoal.”(“這是一項非常漂亮的研究，”卑爾根大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家艾米麗·克萊雷博德特說?！霸撗芯靠梢蕴峁┤祟愵愃品肿拥囊娊猓罱K可能有助于改善組織再生。但這是一個長期目標(biāo)?！?”可推知，Claereboudt期待這個研究能激發(fā)人類組織修復(fù)的新想法。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Protectingyouridentityonlineisveryimportant.Inthedigitalage,somedataleaksareoutofourcontrol,likewhencompaniesgethacked.____36____.Herewesharesometomakesureidentitythievesdon’tstealyourpersonalinformation.____37____Keepinganeyeonyourcreditisanimportantwaytomakesurenooneistryingtomesswithyourpersonalfinancial(財務(wù)的)information.YoucangetafreecreditreportfromcompanieslikeEquifax,Experian,orTransUnion.Thiswillhelpyouseeifanyoneistryingtouseyourfinancialinformation.BeonthelookoutforunusualstatementsorbillsRegularlylookingatstatementsorbillswillhelpyounoticeifthereissuspicious(可疑的)activityhappeninginanyofyouraccounts.____38____.Catchingfraud(詐騙)earlymakesiteasiertofix.Cutfileswithpersonalinformationintosmallpieces____39____!Instead,tearthesedocumentsintopieces,astheymighthaveyourfullname,phonenumber,address,socialsecuritynumber,bankaccountinformationorotherprivatepersonaldetails.Checkoutthishelpfulguide,anddoitnow.StaysafewhiletravelingIfyouwanttoprotectyouridentityonlinewhiletraveling,takeextrasteps.Letyourbankknowwhereyou’regoingandhowlongyou’llbeawayandaskthepostofficetoholdyourmail.Ifanybillsareduewhileyou’reaway,seeifyoucanplanpaymentsbeforeyouleave.Ifyouneedtopayabillonlinewhileyou’reaway,makesureyou’reconnectedtoasecurewifinetwork.____40____A.CheckyourcreditreportB.Don’treadsomethingthatannoysyouC.StoptalkingaboutyourcompanyonlineD.However,therearemeasuresyoucantaketostaysafeE.Ifyouseesomethingstrange,contactyourbankatonceF.ThesestepswillhelpkeepyourinformationsafeonyourtripG.Don’tthrowfileswithpersonalinformationintothewastepaperbasket【答案】36.D37.A38.E39.G40.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了確保個人網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息安全的辦法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Inthedigitalage,somedataleaksareoutofourcontrol,likewhencompaniesgethacked.(在數(shù)字時代，有些數(shù)據(jù)泄露是我們無法控制的，比如當(dāng)公司被黑客攻擊時。)”可知，一些數(shù)據(jù)泄露是我們無法控制的，下文“Herewesharesometomakesureidentitythievesdon’tstealyourpersonalinformation.(在這里我們分享一些方法來確保身份竊賊不偷走你的個人信息。)”指出有方法來確保安全信息，D項“但是，你可以采取一些措施來保持安全”符合，引起下文，和上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。【37題詳析】此處是本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)下文“Keepinganeyeonyourcreditisanimportantwaytomakesurenooneistryingtomesswithyourpersonalfinancial(財務(wù)的)information.YoucangetafreecreditreportfromcompanieslikeEquifax,Experian,orTransUnion.Thiswillhelpyouseeifanyoneistryingtouseyourfinancialinformation.(關(guān)注你的信用是一個重要的方式，以確保沒有人試圖破壞你的個人財務(wù)信息。你可以從Equifax、Experian或TransUnion等獲得免費(fèi)的信用報告。這將幫助你了解是否有人試圖使用你的財務(wù)信息。)”可知，本段主要介紹了要檢查自己的信用報告，A項“檢查你的信用報告”能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A?！?8題詳析】上文“Regularlylookingatstatementsorbillswillhelpyounoticeifthereissuspicious(可疑的)activityhappeninginanyofyouraccounts.(定期查看賬單或發(fā)票將有助于你發(fā)現(xiàn)任何賬戶中是否有可疑活動。)”指出要定期檢查賬單或發(fā)票看看是否有異常，空處承接上文，指出有異常該怎么辦，E項“如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)一些異常，請立即聯(lián)系你的銀行”符合。故選E?！?9題詳析】下文“Instead,tearthesedocumentsintopieces,astheymighthaveyourfullname,phonenumber,address,socialsecuritynumber,bankaccountinformationorotherprivatepersonaldetails.(相反，把這些文件撕碎，因為它們可能有你的全名、電話號碼、地址、社會安全號碼、銀行賬戶信息或其他私人細(xì)節(jié))”指出該如何處理包含個人信息的廢文件，Instead是關(guān)鍵信息，空處應(yīng)該和下文是相反內(nèi)容，指出處理包含個人信息的廢文件的錯誤做法，G項“不要將包含個人信息的文件扔進(jìn)廢紙籃”符合。故選G?！?0題詳析】上文“Ifyouwanttoprotectyouridentityonlinewhiletraveling,takeextrasteps.Letyourbankknowwhereyou’regoingandhowlongyou’llbeawayandaskthepostofficetoholdyourmail.Ifanybillsareduewhileyou’reaway,seeifyoucanplanpaymentsbeforeyouleave.Ifyouneedtopayabillonlinewhileyou’reaway,makesureyou’reconnectedtoasecurewifinetwork.(如果你在旅行時想保護(hù)自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份，需要采取額外的措施。告訴你的銀行你要去哪里以及你要離開多久，并要求郵局你的郵件。如果你在離開期間有任何賬單到期，看看你是否可以在離開前計劃好付款。如果你需要在離開期間在線支付賬單，請確保連接的是一個安全的wifi網(wǎng)絡(luò)。)”指出在旅行時保護(hù)自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份，需要采取的額外措施，空處承接上文，指出這些措施的好處，F(xiàn)項“這些步驟將有助于在旅行中保護(hù)你的信息安全。”符合。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Itwasaveryhotsummerday,andIwasatwork.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,andIcouldfeelthe____41____eveninsidetheoffice.Whenitwastimeto____42____,Iwalkedtotheparkinglotandwas____43____.Mycarhadaflattire(輪胎)!Ididn’tknowhowto____44____atire,justleavingthetrunk(后備箱)open.Istoodthereforafewminutes,thinkingaboutwhattodo.Ididn’thaveany____45____orexperience,andIwasn’tsurewhotocallforhelp.____46____,Idecidedtogobackinsideandturntoafew____47____forhelp.Butnobodywasintheoffice.Amomentlater,I____48____totheparkinglot.Tomysurprise,thetirewasfixed!Someonehadchangeditforme!Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes.Whowoulddosucha____49____thing?Thenextday