廣東省廣州市白云區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月統(tǒng)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷【含答案解析】

2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期初高三綜合訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)，卷面滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡上用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆填寫(xiě)學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、試室號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并用2B鉛筆在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置填涂考生號(hào)。2.全部答案必須在答題卡上完成，答在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。4.回答非選擇題時(shí)，必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。5.考試結(jié)束，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APaintingisarichandvariedfieldandcoversbothfigurativeandabstractworks,eachinvolvingvaryingdegreesofobservationandexpression.Itcanalsobeintegratedintothecreativeprocessinotherdisciplines,suchasillustrationandhand-paintedcloths.Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.Paintingcontinuestoallowpainterstoexplorepersonalexpressionthroughmark-makingandthesizeoftheirwork.Paintershaveworkedfromobservationthroughouthistory,andcontinuetodosotoday.Theycanusethefollowingtechniques:·Workdirectly:fromobservationontoapreparedpaintingsurface.·Workonasetofstudies:objectsbroughtintothestudioandusedasreferencematerialforalargerpainting.·Recordfromobservation:useacameraandworkuppaintingsfromthesephotographs.Fineart:·FrenchartistEdgarDegaslivedinatimeafterthebirthofpracticalphotography.Noticehowtheideaoftheviewfinderframe(取景器框架)hasmeantthatDegas’sworkRaceHorsesinfrontoftheStandswascutoffbytheedgeofthepaintingcloth.·TheBritishpainterLucienFreudpaintedhisfriend,artistFrankAuerbachandcreatedFrankAuerbachduringaseriesofsittings,respondingtowhathecouldseeinfrontofhim.·BritishartistGeorgeStubbs’artworkABayThoroughbredinaLandscapeislikeashowcaseforthehorse:hehasplacedthehorseinthemiddleoftheforeground.Detailsarecapturedbytheshutteractionthatthehumaneyewouldstruggletosee.·TheFrenchNeo-ImpressionistpainterGeorgesSeuratfirstusedstudiestorecordaspectsofhissubject—theinteractionoflightandshadeortheposturespeopleadoptwhenrelaxing—andusedthesetocreatehismasterpieceASundayAfternoonontheIslandofLaGrandeJatte,whichismorethan2mx3minsize.1.Whatisthefocusofthedevelopmentofpainting?A.Declineinitsfigureovertime.B.Integratingstyleandtechnique.C.Focusonobservationandillustration.D.Adaptationtonewideasandtechnologies.2.Whousedthetechniqueofworkingdirectly?A.EdgarDegas. B.LucienFreud.C.GeorgeStubbs. D.GeorgesSeurat.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducethehistoryofwesternpaintings.B.Tohighlightthetechniquesadoptedbyartists.C.Toshowtheimpactofnewtechnologiesonpainting.D.Todiscusstherelationshipbetweenpaintingandartists.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了在繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，藝術(shù)家們不斷擴(kuò)展思想和技術(shù)，并將新技術(shù)應(yīng)用到創(chuàng)作中?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.(繪畫(huà)作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域，已有數(shù)千年的歷史。然而，隨著藝術(shù)家們不斷擴(kuò)展思想和技術(shù)，并對(duì)新技術(shù)做出回應(yīng)，它也在不斷發(fā)展。)”可知，在繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，藝術(shù)家們不斷擴(kuò)展思想和技術(shù)，并對(duì)新技術(shù)做出回應(yīng)，由此可知，繪畫(huà)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)新思想和新技術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段下面內(nèi)容“Workdirectly:fromobservationontoapreparedpaintingsurface.(直接工作：從觀察到準(zhǔn)備好的繪畫(huà)表面。)”和“Fineart”部分關(guān)鍵句“TheBritishpainterLucienFreudpaintedhisfriend,artistFrankAuerbachandcreatedFrankAuerbachduringaseriesofsittings,respondingtowhathecouldseeinfrontofhim.(英國(guó)畫(huà)家LucienFreud為他的朋友、藝術(shù)家FrankAuerbach作畫(huà)，并在一系列的靜坐中創(chuàng)作了《弗蘭克·奧爾巴赫》，以回應(yīng)他面前看到的東西。)”可知，“直接工作”指從觀察到準(zhǔn)備好的繪畫(huà)表面，英國(guó)畫(huà)家LucienFreud為他的朋友FrankAuerbach作畫(huà)，即觀察他面前看到的人，然后作畫(huà)，由此可知，LucienFreud使用了直接工作的技術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Painting,asanareaofartisticexpression,hasahistoryofthousandsofyears.However,ithascontinuedtodevelopasartistsextendideasandtechniquesandrespondtonewtechnologies.(繪畫(huà)作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域，已有數(shù)千年的歷史。然而，隨著藝術(shù)家們不斷擴(kuò)展思想和技術(shù)，并對(duì)新技術(shù)做出回應(yīng)，它也在不斷發(fā)展。)”和第三段內(nèi)容“Paintershaveworkedfromobservationthroughouthistory,andcontinuetodosotoday.Theycanusethefollowingtechniques.(畫(huà)家們?cè)谡麄€(gè)歷史中都是從觀察中工作的，今天仍在這樣做。他們可以使用以下技術(shù)。)”可知，本文主要告訴我們?cè)诶L畫(huà)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，畫(huà)家們把新技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了繪畫(huà)中，并列舉了一些例子，由此可知，這篇文章的目的是突出藝術(shù)家采用的技術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。BSixyearsasaspacereportertaughtmethatnomissionoranyviewofacelestia(天上的)eventisevertrulypromisedtousobservers.SowhenmymotherandIdecidedtodriveouttoErie,Pennsylvania,toseetheApril8solareclipse(日食)thisyearwithinthepathoftotality,Iknewthiswouldbeatripoftwooppositeattitudes.I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.Itoldhernottocountontheuniverseforthisone;shetoldmeshewouldn’tcountonanythingelse.IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.Erie’sforecastthatmorningwascloudy,butbythetimefirstcontactbetweenthesunandthemoonbeganalittleafter2p.m.,thecloudsoverthecity’sbayfrontbegantodisappear.Thepaleyellowsunundertheeclipseglassesrapidlyappeared,concentratingintoafierceorangeglow.Totalitystruckat3:16p.m.Athinwhiteglowwentoutfromtheedgeofacleanblackcircle.Thecolorsofthesunsetbloomedinthedistance.Noisyseagullstookaflight.Icouldspotsolarprominence(日珥)comingfromthesidesofthesuninbrightredandpink.JupiterandVenusbothappeared.Itfeltlikebearingwitnesstosomethingclosetoawonder.Fourminuteslater,totalityended.Thesunbrightenedagain.Andthecloudsreturned,swallowingupthemoonandthesunandtheskyingray.Butforfourincredibleminutes,theuniverseseemstohavemadegoodonapromisetomymother.4.Whydidtheauthormentionherjobinparagraph1?A.Totellherabilitytopredictcelestialevents.B.Toshowoffherexpertiseinspaceexploration.C.Toexplainshe’sanexpertinweatherforecasting.D.Tostressherexperiencewiththeunpredictability.5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Mamaknowsbest”inparagraph2?A.Hermotherisanexperiencedforecaster.B.Hermotherisalwaysrightabouttheweather.C.Hermother’faithandoptimismwereconfirmed.D.Hermother’sinitialbeliefcorrectedmyattitude.6.Whatamazingsightscouldbeseenduringthetotality?A.Brightredandpinksolarprominenceswasseen.B.JupiterandVenuswereshiningbrightlyinthesky.C.ThesundisappearedsuddenlywithatotaldarknessD.Thecolorsofthesunsetbloomedwithanorangeglow.7.Howdidtheauthor’sattitudetohermotherchangebeforeandafterthesolareclipse?A.Fromrelianttoinspired.B.Fromimpatienttograteful.C.Fromcriticaltoappreciative.D.Fromindifferenttosupportive.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，作者講述了和母親一起去賓夕法尼亞州伊利觀看日食的經(jīng)歷。作者原本認(rèn)為觀看日食這件事充滿不確定性，而母親卻堅(jiān)信能看到，最終真的看到了日食，作者也因此改變了對(duì)母親的看法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Sixyearsasaspacereportertaughtmethatnomissionoranyviewofacelestialeventisevertrulypromisedtousobservers.(作為一名六年的太空記者，我知道沒(méi)有任何任務(wù)或任何天體事件的觀點(diǎn)是真正承諾給我們觀察員的。)”可知，作者作為太空記者的六年經(jīng)歷讓她明白，對(duì)于觀測(cè)者來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何任務(wù)或?qū)μ祗w事件的觀測(cè)是有真正保證的，即強(qiáng)調(diào)了她對(duì)這種不可預(yù)測(cè)性的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.(我深信我們會(huì)成為主宰世界的那種隨機(jī)性的受害者；而我的母親卻堅(jiān)信，秩序終將占上風(fēng)，天空會(huì)讓我們平生第一次親眼目睹這樣一場(chǎng)日食。)”可知，第一段提到作者認(rèn)為觀看日食這件事充滿隨機(jī)性，不抱希望，而母親很樂(lè)觀并堅(jiān)信能看到。第二段中“Erie’sforecastthatmorningwascloudy,butbythetimefirstcontactbetweenthesunandthemoonbeganalittleafter2p.m.,thecloudsoverthecity’sbayfrontbegantodisappear.Thepaleyellowsunundertheeclipseglassesrapidlyappeared,concentratingintoafierceorangeglow.(那天早上伊利的天氣預(yù)報(bào)是多云的，但下午2點(diǎn)剛過(guò)，太陽(yáng)和月亮開(kāi)始第一次接觸時(shí)，城市海灣沿岸的云開(kāi)始消失。在日食眼鏡下，淡黃色的太陽(yáng)迅速出現(xiàn)，集中成強(qiáng)烈的橘黃色光芒。)”說(shuō)明作者和母親最終真的看到了日食；由此可知，第二段中“IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.(我又一次謙卑地接受了我一次又一次學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)：Mamaknowsbest。)

”作者說(shuō)“Mamaknowsbest”意思是“母親的信念和樂(lè)觀得到了證實(shí)”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Icouldspotsolarprominence(日珥)comingfromthesidesofthesuninbrightredandpink.JupiterandVenusbothappeared.Itfeltlikebearingwitnesstosomethingclosetoawonder.(我可以從太陽(yáng)的側(cè)面看到明亮的紅色和粉紅色的日珥。木星和金星都出現(xiàn)了。感覺(jué)就像見(jiàn)證了一件近乎奇跡的事情。)”可知，在日全食期間可以看到令人驚嘆的景象是從太陽(yáng)兩側(cè)出現(xiàn)的明亮的紅色和粉色的日珥，木星和金星都出現(xiàn)了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“I’dbeconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworld;mymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwouldwinandtheskieswouldletusobserveaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.Itoldhernottocountontheuniverseforthisone;shetoldmeshewouldn’tcountonanythingelse(我相信我們會(huì)成為支配世界的隨機(jī)性的受害者；我媽媽堅(jiān)信秩序會(huì)勝利，天空會(huì)讓我們平生第一次看到這樣的日食。我告訴她這次不要指望上天；她告訴我她不會(huì)指望別的)”可知，一開(kāi)始作者對(duì)是否能夠看到日食持懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該指望能看到日食，而母親則堅(jiān)信，作者對(duì)母親的想法持批評(píng)態(tài)度，告訴她不要指望上天；根據(jù)第二段中“IwasonceagainhumbledintoalessonI’velearnedtimeandtimeagain:Mamaknowsbest.(我又一次謙卑地接受了我一次又一次學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)：媽媽最懂。)

”、最后一段中“Butforfourincredibleminutes,theuniverseseemstohavemadegoodonapromisetomymother.(但在不可思議的四分鐘里，宇宙似乎兌現(xiàn)了對(duì)我母親的承諾。)”以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者和母親最終看到了日食，作者對(duì)母親的信念表示贊賞；由此可推知，作者對(duì)母親的態(tài)度從批評(píng)到贊賞。故選C項(xiàng)。CEco-anxietyisagrowingissuethatreflectstheincreasingfearofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Thistypeofanxietyisparticularlycommonamongyoungergenerations,whoworryaboutthefutureoftheplanet.Eco-anxietyiscloselylinkedtoenvironmentaldisasterssuchasheatwaves,wildfires,andhurricanes.Theseeventscanleadtolong-termstress,depression,andevenpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).Theconceptof“Solastalgia,”whichreferstoemotionalsufferingcausedbychangestoone’senvironment,supportstherealityofeco-anxiety.Althoughtheterm“eco-anxiety”ismoremodern,theemotionalresponsetoenvironmentaldamageiswell-documented.Certainsocial,economic,andpoliticalfactorscanmakesomepeoplemorelikelytosufferfromeco-anxietythanothers.Forinstance,nearlyhalfofthepeopleinSoutheastEnglandexpresshighlevelsofconcernaboutclimatechange,morethanthoseinotherregions.Thisheightenedanxietycouldberelatedtofactorssuchasurbanization,thearea’sgrowingpopulation,andhighlevelsofconsumption,allofwhichcontributetoenvironmentaldegradation.Thereareseveralstrategiespeoplecanusetomanageeco-anxiety.Oneimportantapproachiscontrollinghowmuchnegativenewsyouconsume.Toomuchexposuretodisturbingcontentonsocialmediaornewsoutletscanincreasefeelingsofworryandhelplessness.Limitingthisexposureandfocusingonlearningnewandpositiveinformationcanhelpyoufeelmoreempowered.Spendingtimeinnatureisanothereffectivewaytoreduceeco-anxiety.Researchshowsthatbeinginnaturalenvironments,orevenviewingnaturefromawindow,canlowerstressandimprovemood.Itfostersadeeperconnectionwiththeenvironmentandpromotescalmness.Journalingisalsoahelpfultool.Writingdownyourfeelingscanhelpreduceanxietybyorganizingthoughtsandexpressingemotions.Businesseslike“Bloomin’sMinds”combinemindfulnesswithsustainabilitybyofferingseededcardsthatcustomerscanwriteonhowtheyplant,andwatchgrowintoflowers,creatingapositiveandcalmingexperience.Aseco-anxietybecomesmorewidespread,mindfullifestylechangesarehelpingtoreducetheimpactofclimatechangewhileeasinganxiety.Thesepracticesenableindividualstocontributepositivelytotheenvironment.8.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmaycauseSolastalgia?A.Seeinganearbyplaygroundbeingcleared.B.Livinginaregionexperiencingfrequentrainfall.C.Volunteeringforanenvironmentalconservationgroup.D.Watchingchildhoodparkdestroyedbycitydevelopment.9.WhatisthefunctionoftheexampleaboutpeopleinEngland?A.Toshowthegeographicdiversityofeco-anxiety.B.Toexplaintheimpactofsocialanxietyonnature.C.Tocriticizethelackofenvironmentalpoliciesinthearea.D.Tostresstheconnectionbetweenurbanizationandtheissue.10.Whichstrategyishelpfultomanageeco-anxiety?A.Limitingexposuretonegativenews. B.Controllingthetimeofonlinesurfing.C.Tryingtowritedownyouradventures. D.Engaginginoutdoorphysicalexercises.11.Whatdoesmindfullivingdoforeco-anxietyinthelastparagraph?A.Itleadspeopletoforgetaboutenvironmentalproblemsandanxiety.B.Itofferspracticalwaysforpeopletobravelyfacetheclimateissues.C.Itdeepensaconnectionwiththeenvironmentandpromotescalmness.D.Itmakesindividualsfeelmoredisconnectedfromenvironmentalissues.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了如今的“生態(tài)焦慮”問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因，導(dǎo)致的影響以及如何避免?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theconceptof“Solastalgia,”whichreferstoemotionalsufferingcausedbychangestoone’senvironment,supportstherealityofeco-anxiety.(“Solastalgia”指的是因環(huán)境變化而引起的情緒痛苦，這一概念支持了生態(tài)焦慮的現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，“Solastalgia”指的是因環(huán)境變化而引起的情緒痛苦。由此推知，看著童年公園被城市發(fā)展摧毀可能導(dǎo)致Solastalgia。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Certainsocial,economic,andpoliticalfactorscanmakesomepeoplemorelikelytosufferfromeco-anxietythanothers.Forinstance,nearlyhalfofthepeopleinSoutheastEnglandexpresshighlevelsofconcernaboutclimatechange,morethanthoseinotherregions.Thisheightenedanxietycouldberelatedtofactorssuchasurbanization,thearea’sgrowingpopulation,andhighlevelsofconsumption,allofwhichcontributetoenvironmentaldegradation.(某些社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治因素可能使一些人比其他人更容易遭受生態(tài)焦慮。例如，英格蘭東南部近一半的人表達(dá)了對(duì)氣候變化的高度關(guān)注，比其他地區(qū)的人更多。這種加劇的焦慮可能與城市化、該地區(qū)不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口和高水平的消費(fèi)等因素有關(guān)，所有這些因素都會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境惡化)”可知，這個(gè)關(guān)于英國(guó)人的例子的作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)城市化和生態(tài)焦慮之間的聯(lián)系。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneimportantapproachiscontrollinghowmuchnegativenewsyouconsume.Toomuchexposuretodisturbingcontentonsocialmediaornewsoutletscanincreasefeelingsofworryandhelplessness.Limitingthisexposureandfocusingonlearningnewandpositiveinformationcanhelpyoufeelmoreempowered.(一個(gè)重要的方法是控制負(fù)面新聞的攝入量。過(guò)多地接觸社交媒體或新聞媒體上令人不安的內(nèi)容會(huì)增加焦慮和無(wú)助感。限制這種接觸，專注于學(xué)習(xí)新的和積極的信息可以幫助你感覺(jué)更有力量)”可知，限制負(fù)面新聞的曝光有助于管理生態(tài)焦慮。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aseco-anxietybecomesmorewidespread,mindfullifestylechangesarehelpingtoreducetheimpactofclimatechangewhileeasinganxiety.Thesepracticesenableindividualstocontributepositivelytotheenvironment.(隨著生態(tài)焦慮變得越來(lái)越普遍，有意識(shí)地改變生活方式有助于減少氣候變化的影響，同時(shí)緩解焦慮。這些做法使個(gè)人能夠?qū)Νh(huán)境做出積極的貢獻(xiàn))”可知，正念生活為人們勇敢地面對(duì)氣候問(wèn)題提供了切實(shí)可行的方法。故選B。DHumanintelligence,particularlytheabilitytoconcentrate,variesandiscrucialforworkperformanceandcreativity.Italsohelpsolderadultspreventaccidentslikefalls,improvingtheirqualityoflife.However,measuringconcentrationischallenging,anditsrelationshipwithageisnotwellunderstood.PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.Thestudyincluded34youngadultsand34seniors.Despitesimilarscores,theirstrategieswerenotablydifferent.Youngadults,witha45%distractionrate,reliedonquickreactionsandmentalflexibility.Incontrast,seniors,witha27%distractionrate,demonstratedhigherconcentration,usingself-disciplinetoachievecomparablescores.Thesefindings,publishedin“PsychologyandAging”,showingthatolderadultscanmakeupforadeclineinoverallintelligencewithothercognitive(認(rèn)知)strengths.Thestudyalsohighlightedtheimportanceofneural(神經(jīng))connectionsinintelligence.Youngerindividualshavestrongerandextensiveneuralconnections,contributingtotheirquickreactionsanddistractibility.Toinvestigatehowolderadultscanmaintaintheseconnections,KaitlinCasaletto,aneurobiologistatUCSF,focusedon“presynapticproteins”aroundsynapses(染色體突觸),whicharevitalforsynapticconnectionquality.Dr.Casalettoco-operatedwiththeUniversityofChicagotoanalyzebraintissuesamplesfrom404elderlyvolunteers.Thestudyfoundthatregularexercisershadhigherlevelsofpresynapticproteins,indicatingstrongersynapticconnections.Thisdifferencewasobservedinvariousbrainareasassociatedwithcognitivefunction,notjustthehippocampus,whichislinkedtomemory.Thefindings,publishedin“Alzheimer’s&Dementia,”providestructuralevidencethatexercisecanslowcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Thissupportstheideathatincreasedphysicalactivitycanhelpdelaycognitiveaging,offeringscientistsmoreconfidenceintheroleofexerciseinmaintainingcognitivehealth.Theresearchemphasizesthepotentialforolderadultstopreservetheircognitiveabilitiesthroughlifestylechoices,suchasregularphysicalactivity,whichcanhaveasignificantimpactontheirneuralconnectionsandoverallcognitivefunction.12.Whydidthepsychologistsdevelopthecomputergame?A.Totrainyoungadultstoimprovetheirmentalflexibility.B.Toshowtheimportanceofmaintainingcognitivehealth.C.Tofindoutfactorsaffectingconcentrationacrossagegroups.D.Tocomparethedistractionrateforyoungadultsandseniors13.Howdidolderadultsachievesimilarscorestoyoungadults?A.Byastrongsenseofregulation. B.Byrelyingonfasterreactiontimes.C.Byhavingbettermentalflexibility. D.Byincreasingoverallintelligence.14.Whatdothepresynapticproteinsdointhestudy?A.Theyareassociatedwithahigherdistractionrate.B.Theyarelinkedtotheoverallmemoryoftheelders.C.Theyareresponsibleformusclestrengthinolderadults.D.Theyarecrucialforthequalityofsynapticconnections.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theroleofexerciseinslowingcognitivedeclineinolderadults.B.Thechallengesofmeasuringconcentrationanditsrelationshipwithage.C.Thedifferencesinconcentrationstrategiesbetweenyoungandoldadults.D.Theneuralconnectionsandtheirimpactoncognitivestrengthsinolderadults.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹研究用電腦游戲測(cè)注意力，發(fā)現(xiàn)老人和年輕人策略不同，且鍛煉可助老人防認(rèn)知衰退。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.(都柏林圣三一學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)了一款電腦游戲來(lái)量化注意力，并調(diào)查影響注意力的因素)”可知，心理學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)這個(gè)電腦游戲是為了找出影響各年齡組注意力集中的因素。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Incontrast,seniors,witha27%distractionrate,demonstratedhigherconcentration,usingself-disciplinetoachievecomparablescores.(相比之下，老年人的注意力分散率為27%，表現(xiàn)出更高的專注力，他們通過(guò)自律獲得了類似的分?jǐn)?shù))”可知，老年人通過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的控制意識(shí)獲得與年輕人相似的分?jǐn)?shù)。故選A。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Toinvestigatehowolderadultscanmaintaintheseconnections,KaitlinCasaletto,aneurobiologistatUCSF,focusedon“presynapticproteins”aroundsynapses(染色體突觸),whicharevitalforsynapticconnectionquality.(為了研究老年人如何維持這些連接，加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家凱特琳·卡薩萊托專注于突觸周?chē)摹巴挥|前蛋白”，這對(duì)突觸連接質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要)”可知，突觸前蛋白對(duì)突觸連接的質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanintelligence,particularlytheabilitytoconcentrate,variesandiscrucialforworkperformanceandcreativity.Italsohelpsolderadultspreventaccidentslikefalls,improvingtheirqualityoflife.However,measuringconcentrationischallenging,anditsrelationshipwithageisnotwellunderstood.PsychologistsfromTrinityCollegeDublindevelopedacomputergametoquantifyattentionandinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingconcentration.(人類的智力，尤其是集中注意力的能力，各不相同，對(duì)工作表現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造力至關(guān)重要。它還可以幫助老年人預(yù)防跌倒等事故，提高他們的生活質(zhì)量。然而，測(cè)量濃度是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，其與年齡的關(guān)系尚不清楚。都柏林圣三一學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)了一款電腦游戲來(lái)量化注意力，并調(diào)查影響注意力的因素)”以及文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于老年人認(rèn)知能力的研究，解釋了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常鍛煉的人有更高水平的突觸前蛋白，這表明突觸連接更強(qiáng)。這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了老年人通過(guò)選擇生活方式來(lái)保持認(rèn)知能力的潛力，比如定期的體育活動(dòng)，這對(duì)他們的神經(jīng)連接和整體認(rèn)知功能有重大影響?？芍?，這篇文章主要講的是運(yùn)動(dòng)在減緩老年人認(rèn)知能力下降中的作用。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ExpressyourgratitudeBeingthankfulforwhatyouhavecanmakeyouhappierandhealthierYouprobablysay“thankyou”whenafriendholdsthedoor,ateacherstaysafterclasstohelpyouwithaproblem,oragrandparentsendsagiftforyourbirthday.Showinggratitudemakesothersfeelgood,butitalsohelpsyoufeelmorejoyfulandlesssadorstressed,accordingtoexpertsatHarvardUniversity.____16____Here’show.Doa“gratitudesearch”Startbytakingafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyou’regratefulforIsitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?____17____Isitsomethingthatmakesyourlifebetter?Maybeit’sanactivityorahobbyyouenjoydoingwithothers.Itcanalsobesomethingyouhavethatyourealizeothersmaynothave.Makeitahabit____18____Youcanwritethemdowninanotebookoronstickynotesandmakea“gratitudewall”inyourroom.Youcouldalsowritewhatyou’regratefulforoncolorfulpiecesofpaperandsavetheminajar.Wheneveryouneedamoodboost,youcantakethemouttoremindyourselfofwhatmakesyoufeelhappyandthankful.____19____Givingyourtimetoothersnotonlyhelpsthembutitcanalsobenefityou,too.Forexample,ifyoucleansnowforanelderlyneighbor,youcantakeamomenttofeelthankfulthatyouwereabletomaketheirdayeasier.Ifyouhelpyourlittlebrotherwithhishomework,youcanfeelgoodaboutsharingyourknowledge.SharethankswithfamilyDinnertimeisperfecttoexchangefeelingsofgratitudewithfamily.____20____Youcanalsodiscusstakingameditative“gratitudewalk”betweendinneranddessert,toappreciatethecompanyofthepeopleinyourlifeandthenaturalbeautyoftheoutdoors.Youcouldevenfollowtheholidaywithanoteofthankstofamilymembersyoulove.A.VolunteeryourskillsB.SocializewithothersC.Itisalsosomethingyoucanpracticeyear-round.D.Onlybypracticinggratituderegularly,canyouimproveyourownwell-being.E.Atthedinnertable,youcansuggesteachpersonsharethingstheyfeelthankfulfor.F.Isitsomeoneyouknow,likeaparentwhohelpssupportyou,evenwhenyoudon’task?G.Trygettingintotheroutineofnoticingandthinkingaboutthethingsyou’regratefulfor.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.A20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。這是一篇關(guān)于如何表達(dá)感激之情文章，介紹了多種表達(dá)感激的方式，如進(jìn)行“感恩搜索”、養(yǎng)成感恩習(xí)慣、志愿服務(wù)、與家人分享感恩等?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Showinggratitudemakesothersfeelgood,butitalsohelpsyoufeelmorejoyfulandlesssadorstressed,accordingtoexpertsatHarvardUniversity.(哈佛大學(xué)的專家表示，表達(dá)感激之情會(huì)讓別人感覺(jué)良好，但它也會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)更快樂(lè)，減少悲傷或壓力)”可知，前文提到表達(dá)感激不僅讓別人感覺(jué)好，也能讓自己更快樂(lè)、減少悲傷和壓力。C選項(xiàng)Itisalsosomethingyoucanpracticeyear-round.(這也是你可以全年踐行的事情)進(jìn)一步闡述了感恩行為的持續(xù)性，與前文銜接緊密，且引出下文介紹具體如何踐行感恩。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Startbytakingafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyou’regratefulfor.Isitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?(首先花幾分鐘想想你要感激的是什么。是某個(gè)人或某件事讓你開(kāi)心或大笑嗎？)”可知，前文開(kāi)始舉例思考自己感恩的對(duì)象，提出“Isitsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesyouhappyormakesyoulaugh?”，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Isitsomeoneyouknow,likeaparentwhohelpssupportyou,evenwhenyoudon’task?(是你認(rèn)識(shí)的人，比如父母，在你沒(méi)有請(qǐng)求的情況下幫助支持你嗎？)同樣是以提問(wèn)的方式，且與前文句式一致，都是在探討感恩的對(duì)象，語(yǔ)義連貫。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】該段小標(biāo)題是“Makeitahabit(養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣)”，因此空處內(nèi)容與養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣有關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)Trygettingintotheroutineofnoticingandthinkingaboutthethingsyou’regratefulfor.(試著養(yǎng)成留意和思考你所感激之事的習(xí)慣)中“gettingintotheroutine(養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣)”與小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)，并且具體說(shuō)明了養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣的方式，符合該段語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Givingyourtimetoothersnotonlyhelpsthembutitcanalsobenefityou,too.Forexample,ifyoucleansnowforanelderlyneighbor,youcantakeamomenttofeelthankfulthatyouwereabletomaketheirdayeasier.Ifyouhelpyourlittlebrotherwithhishomework,youcanfeelgoodaboutsharingyourknowledge.(把你的時(shí)間花在別人身上不僅幫助他們，但也會(huì)讓你自己受益。例如，如果你為一位年長(zhǎng)的鄰居清理積雪，你可以花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)感謝你能讓他們的一天更輕松。如果你幫助你的小弟弟做作業(yè)，你會(huì)為分享你的知識(shí)而感到高興)”可知，該段主要講述了通過(guò)為他人付出時(shí)間，如為年邁的鄰居清理積雪、幫助弟弟做作業(yè)等行為，既幫助了他人，自己也能從中受益并產(chǎn)生感恩之情，這些行為都屬于志愿服務(wù)。A選項(xiàng)Volunteeryourskills(貢獻(xiàn)你的技能做志愿)符合該段主旨，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容，適合作為該段的小標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】該段小標(biāo)題是“Sharethankswithfamily(與家人分享感恩之情)”，且上文“Dinnertimeisperfecttoexchangefeelingsofgratitudewithfamily.(晚餐時(shí)間是與家人交流感激之情的最佳時(shí)機(jī))”提到晚餐時(shí)間是與家人交流感恩之情的絕佳時(shí)機(jī)。E選項(xiàng)Atthedinnertable,youcansuggesteachpersonsharethingstheyfeelthankfulfor.(在餐桌上，你可以建議每個(gè)人分享他們所感恩的事情)與小標(biāo)題以及前文提到的晚餐時(shí)間相契合。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Twentyyearsago,IadoptedaLabradorRetrieverandnamedhimLucky.Hewasmorethanjustapet;hewasa____21____inmylife.Fromalivelypuppytoanolddog,Luckyaccompaniedmedayandnight.Hiscompanionshipmademyretirementlifeless____22____.Luckywasmymorningjoggingpartner,eagerly____23____thefirstlightofdawntohitthepaths.Hewasthereinthequietafternoons,acomfortingfriendasI____24____mygarden,andhisgentlesnores(鼾聲)werethesoundtracktomyeveningreads.His____25____turnedtheroutineintomomentsofjoy,hiswaggingtailacelebrationoflife’s____26____pleasures.Lastyear,Luckypassedaway____27____.Thememoriesandlessonsheleftmewillforever____28____inmyheart.Lucky’slifewasshortbutfullofloveandwarmth.____29____,mydayswouldhavebeendull.Hisfinalmomentswerespentinmyhome,surroundedbythelovethathaddefinedour_____30_____.ThestoryofLuckyandmeisthe_____31_____ofthepurestformoflove,andithasmademe_____32_____understandthatanimalsareapartofourlives,acomfortforouremotions.Theyofferusan_____33_____love,atimelesscompanionship.Letus_____34_____thisstrongbondwithanimals,fortheyteachushowtoloveandhowtolive,enrichingour_____35_____withtheirsilent,steadfastdevotion.21.A.companion B.guard C.teacher D.son22.A.stressful B.lonely C.complex D.demanding23.A.exploring B.watching C.awaiting D.dreaming24.A.referredto B.addedto C.turnedto D.tendedto25.A.attitude B.character C.presence D.influence26.A.private B.simple C.personal D.typical27.A.finally B.peacefully C.unexpectedly D.sadly28.A.continue B.arise C.remain D.show29.A.However B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Besides30.A.life B.belief C.value D.bond31.A.origin B.judgment C.evidence D.information32.A.constantly B.deeply C.naturally D.partly33.A.unconditional B.irresistible C.uncountable D.unpredictable34.A.combine B.cherish C.accept D.include35.A.history B.knowledge C.community D.existence【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.B28.C29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者二十年前收養(yǎng)了一只小狗，狗狗一直陪伴他，讓他的生活不再孤獨(dú)，雖然狗狗去世了，可美好的記憶仍然留在他心中?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅僅是一只寵物；他是我生命中的同伴。A.companion同伴；B.guard警衛(wèi)；C.teacher老師；D.son兒子。根據(jù)下文“Fromalivelypuppytoanolddog,Luckyaccompaniedmedayandnight.”和“Hiscompanionship”可知，Lucky日夜陪伴著我，由此可知，他是我生命中的同伴。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他的陪伴讓我的退休生活不那么孤獨(dú)。A.stressful壓力大的；B.lonely孤獨(dú)的；C.complex復(fù)雜的；D.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)上文“Fromal