2021年6月全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試英語(yǔ)三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案

2021年6月全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試英語(yǔ)三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案[問(wèn)答題]1.Areyouhavingdifficultyfollowingdiets?Ourlivesareway（江南博哥）morecomplexthanthosewhichallowustosticktoamonotonousrestrictivediet.FoodpsychologistRidhiGolechha(里迪·格萊查)said,“Ifallofuscouldfollowdiets,we’dallhavereachedourgoals.Real-lifestressessuchaslockdownanxiety,relationshipconflicts,workload,financialstresses,exasperatingparenting,teenagedrama,andsomuchmoredirectlyimpacthowwefeelandbyvirtue,whatweeat.If,onpaper,dietsweresoeasytofollow,thenwe’dallbepartofthattinytenpercentofpeopleintheworld(athletes,models,oractresses)—whoarepermanentlyfit.Weallknowofthoseroughdayswhenallwewantistodrownourfacesinatuboficecreamorreachoutforthatmeltingchocolatecake.“Emotionaleatingisnothingbuteatingouremotions.We’reallhumanwithemotionsandhunger.Bythatdefinition,allofusareemotionaleaters.Weturntofoodwhenwe’reoverwhelmedwithanger,sadness,frustration,oranyothersignificantemotion,”explainedRidhi.There’sareasonwhythebutterflycomesbacktosucksweetnectarfromtheflowers,inturnpollinatingtherestofthegarden.Humans,muchlikeanimals,birds,andinsects,arehardwiredforpleasure.Buthere’sthecatch:wehumansareafraidofreceivingpleasure.Iftheyeatasliceofcheesypizza(andalsoenjoyit),theyareafraidthatthey’llbeoverwhelmedwithpleasure,losecontrol,andendupfinishingthewholepizza.Wefearthiswouldresultinafaileddiet,weightgain,andmassiveguilt,soweavoiditaltogether.But,itdoesn’twork.“Biologysuggestsotherwise.Likeeveryotherspecies,homo-sapienswerealsobuiltforsurvival.Non-extinctionandstrength(bodyfuel)areessentialforoursurvival.Itispleasurethatdriveshumanstorepeatthefeel-goodbehaviourendlessly,”explainedRidhi.Whendoesemotionaleatingbecomeworrisome?“Largely,there’snothingwrongwiththat.Wedoeattomanageandcopewithourfeelings,especiallythosethatdon’tfeelsogood,becauseeatingitselfissobiologicallyrewarding.It’scompletelyokayifwe’redoingitonceinawhile,becauseasIsaid—we’reallevolutionarilywiredtoemotionaleating.However,ifwe’reconstantlydependingonfoodtoswallowourdifficultemotionsanddiscomforts—leavinguswithafeelingofguiltconstantlyattheendofit—thendefinitely,weneedtoworkonit”,saidRidhi.Whatcanwedotoreduceemotionaleating?AccordingtoRidhi,thereasonwefailourdietsisthatwetrytofightbiologyandsuppressouremotions,whichonlyworkstemporarily.Tomakelong-lastingchanges,wemustaddresstherootcausesofemotionaleating.Althoughthebestwaytoaddressitwouldbetounderstandyourpatternsandemotionaleatingjourneythroughmind-bodyeatingcoaching,hereareafeweasytipstogetyoustarted:First,don’tskipmeals.Starvingoftenconfusesyourbiologicalhungerdrivesandmakesyoumorevulnerabletoeatyouremotions.Second,understandthedifferencebetweenactualphysicalhungerversusemotionalhunger.Third,makealistofthetopthreeemotionsyoufeelweeklyandstartfindingdifferentwaystocopewiththem.Fourth,talktoanexpert.It’sbetternottoignoreyouremotionaleatingsinceitcanlatercausehealthissueslikebloating,gas,acidity,constipation,etc.Fifth,goforawalkordosomethingcompletelydifferentthatwilltakeawayyoururgebydistractingyoumomentarily.Emotionaleatingisamessagethatrevealsadeeperproblem.Understandingyourselfandthewayyoueatcanaddresstherootcausesandenableyoutolivealifethatisbeyondfoodobsessionsandthefearoffailingyourdiets.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】你在節(jié)食方面有困難嗎？與那些讓我們堅(jiān)持單一的節(jié)制性飲食生活方式相比，我們的生活方式要復(fù)雜得多。食物心理學(xué)家里迪·格萊查說(shuō)：“如果我們所有人都能堅(jiān)持節(jié)食，那我們?cè)缇投歼_(dá)到目標(biāo)了?！爆F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的壓力，比如封鎖隔離帶來(lái)的焦慮、關(guān)系沖突、工作負(fù)擔(dān)、經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力、育兒煩惱、青春期問(wèn)題等等，都會(huì)直接影響我們的感受，進(jìn)而影響我們的飲食。理論上說(shuō)，如果節(jié)食很容易做到的話，那么我們都會(huì)成為世界上那微小的10%（運(yùn)動(dòng)員、模特或女演員）——永遠(yuǎn)保持身材緊致。我們都有過(guò)那些艱難的日子，那時(shí)我們只想把頭埋進(jìn)冰激凌桶里，或者伸手去拿正在融化的巧克力蛋糕?！扒榫w化飲食無(wú)非是進(jìn)食我們的情緒。我們都是有情緒和饑餓感的人。根據(jù)這個(gè)定義，我們所有人都是情緒化進(jìn)食者。當(dāng)我們被憤怒、悲傷、沮喪或任何其他重大情緒淹沒時(shí)，我們會(huì)通過(guò)吃東西來(lái)釋放情緒，”里迪解釋說(shuō)。這就是為什么蝴蝶會(huì)回來(lái)從花中吸取甜美的花蜜，進(jìn)而向花園其他花朵授粉。人類就像動(dòng)物、鳥類和昆蟲，生來(lái)就會(huì)享樂。但有一點(diǎn)不同：我們?nèi)祟惡ε驴v情享樂。如果吃了一片奶酪披薩（并且也很享受），就會(huì)擔(dān)心被快樂沖昏頭腦從而失去控制，最終吃完整個(gè)披薩。我們擔(dān)心這會(huì)導(dǎo)致節(jié)食失敗、體重增加、負(fù)罪感增大，所以我們不如一塊披薩都不吃。但是，這不起作用?！吧飳W(xué)表明并非如此。像其他物種一樣，智人也是為了生存而生。不滅和力量（身體燃料）對(duì)我們的生存至關(guān)重要。正是快樂驅(qū)使人類無(wú)休止地重復(fù)這種感覺良好的行為，”里迪解釋道。什么時(shí)候情緒化進(jìn)食變得令人擔(dān)憂？“在很大程度上，情緒化進(jìn)食沒什么問(wèn)題。我們的確通過(guò)吃東西來(lái)管控情緒，尤其是那些感覺不太好的情緒，因?yàn)槌詵|西本身在生物學(xué)上就令人心情愉悅。如果我們只是偶爾這樣做，那完全沒問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檎缥宜f(shuō)，從進(jìn)化的角度來(lái)看我們生來(lái)就會(huì)情緒化進(jìn)食。然而，如果我們一直依賴食物來(lái)處理我們的不良情緒和不快——讓我們吃完一直有一種負(fù)罪感——那么毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們需要對(duì)此進(jìn)行干預(yù)了，”里迪說(shuō)道。我們能做些什么來(lái)減少情緒化進(jìn)食呢？根據(jù)里迪的說(shuō)法，我們節(jié)食失敗的原因是我們?cè)噲D對(duì)抗生理規(guī)律、抑制我們的情緒，這只是暫時(shí)奏效。要做出持久的改變，我們必須解決情緒化進(jìn)食的根本原因。雖然解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最好方法是通過(guò)身心飲食指導(dǎo)來(lái)了解你的飲食模式和情緒化飲食之旅，但可以先試試以下幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的技巧：第一，不要不吃飯。饑餓經(jīng)常會(huì)擾亂你的生理饑餓驅(qū)動(dòng)力，讓你更容易情緒性進(jìn)食。第二，理解真正的生理饑餓和情感饑餓的區(qū)別。第三，列出你每周的三種主要情緒，并開始尋找不同的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)它們。第四，找專家聊聊。最好不要忽視你的情緒化飲食，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)導(dǎo)致健康問(wèn)題，如腹脹、脹氣、胃酸過(guò)多、便秘等。第五，去散步或做一些完全不相干的事情，通過(guò)分散你的注意力來(lái)暫時(shí)消除你暴飲暴食的沖動(dòng)。情緒化進(jìn)食是一個(gè)揭示更深層次問(wèn)題的信息。通過(guò)了解自己以及自己的飲食方式可以從根本上解決情緒性進(jìn)食，讓你的生活不再有暴飲暴食的困擾，不再擔(dān)心節(jié)食失敗。解析（1）Ifallofuscouldfollowdiets,we’dallhavereachedourgoals.Real-lifestressessuchaslockdownanxiety,relationshipconflicts,workload,financialstresses,exasperatingparenting,teenagedrama,andsomuchmoredirectlyimpacthowwefeelandbyvirtue,whatweeat.現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的壓力，比如封鎖隔離帶來(lái)的焦慮、關(guān)系沖突、工作負(fù)擔(dān)、經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力、育兒煩惱、青春期問(wèn)題等等，都會(huì)直接影響我們的感受，進(jìn)而影響我們的飲食。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)及選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。句中的howwefeel和whatweeat是impact所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在翻譯時(shí)可翻譯成名詞短語(yǔ)。lockdown原指“活動(dòng)（或行為）限制”，在此處可結(jié)合全國(guó)的大環(huán)境，翻譯成“封鎖隔離”?！皌eenagedrama”可翻譯成“青春期問(wèn)題”。（2）Weallknowofthoseroughdayswhenallwewantistodrownourfacesinatuboficecreamorreachoutforthatmeltingchocolatecake.我們都有過(guò)那些艱難的日子，那時(shí)我們只想把頭埋進(jìn)冰激凌桶里，或者伸手去拿正在融化的巧克力蛋糕。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。句中when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前文的roughdays，在翻譯時(shí)采用定語(yǔ)從句后置翻譯法，用“那時(shí)”囊括when一詞所表達(dá)的含義。（3）Weturntofoodwhenwe’reoverwhelmedwithanger,sadness,frustration,oranyothersignificantemotion.當(dāng)我們被憤怒、悲傷、沮喪或任何其他重大情緒淹沒時(shí)，我們會(huì)通過(guò)吃東西來(lái)釋放情緒。[分析]turntofood的字面意思是“轉(zhuǎn)向食物”，在此處可以聯(lián)系上下文增譯成“通過(guò)吃東西來(lái)釋放情緒”。（4）Humans,muchlikeanimals,birds,andinsects,arehardwiredforpleasure.人類就像動(dòng)物、鳥類和昆蟲，生來(lái)就會(huì)享樂。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。形容詞短語(yǔ)behardwiredfor可翻譯成“天生、生來(lái)”。（5）Wefearthiswouldresultinafaileddiet,weightgain,andmassiveguilt,soweavoiditaltogether.我們擔(dān)心這會(huì)導(dǎo)致節(jié)食失敗、體重增加、負(fù)罪感增大，所以我們不如一塊披薩都不吃。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)?！癮faileddiet,weightgain,andmassiveguilt”這些偏正短語(yǔ)中帶有動(dòng)詞意味的形容詞“failed”“massive”以及名詞“gain”在翻譯時(shí)可動(dòng)詞化。（6）Wedoeattomanageandcopewithourfeelings,especiallythosethatdon’tfeelsogood,becauseeatingitselfissobiologicallyrewarding.我們的確通過(guò)吃東西來(lái)管控情緒，尤其是那些感覺不太好的情緒，因?yàn)槌詵|西本身在生物學(xué)上就令人心情愉悅。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。rewarding原指“值得做的、報(bào)酬高的”，在此處聯(lián)系上下文可翻譯成“令人心情愉悅的”。（7）AccordingtoRidhi,thereasonwefailourdietsisthatwetrytofightbiologyandsuppressouremotions,whichonlyworkstemporarily.根據(jù)里迪的說(shuō)法，我們節(jié)食失敗的原因是我們?cè)噲D對(duì)抗生理規(guī)律、抑制我們的情緒，這只是暫時(shí)奏效。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。句中which引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其中的which指代前文的內(nèi)容，可直接翻譯成“這”。（8）Starvingoftenconfusesyourbiologicalhungerdrivesandmakesyoumorevulnerabletoeatyouremotions.饑餓經(jīng)常會(huì)擾亂你的生理饑餓驅(qū)動(dòng)力，讓你更容易情緒性進(jìn)食。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。eatyouremotions的字面意思是“吃掉你的情緒”，在此處可以聯(lián)系上下文增譯成“情緒化進(jìn)食”。（9）Fifth,goforawalkordosomethingcompletelydifferentthatwilltakeawayyoururgebydistractingyoumomentarily.第五，去散步或做一些完全不相干的事情，通過(guò)分散你的注意力來(lái)暫時(shí)消除你暴飲暴食的沖動(dòng)。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。urge原指“沖動(dòng)”，在此處可聯(lián)系上下文增譯成“暴飲暴食的沖動(dòng)”。（10）Understandingyourselfandthewayyoueatviacanaddresstherootcausesandenableyoutolivealifethatisbeyondfoodobsessionsandthefearoffailingyourdiets.通過(guò)了解自己以及自己的飲食方式可以從根本上解決情緒性進(jìn)食，讓你的生活不再有暴飲暴食的困擾，不再擔(dān)心節(jié)食失敗。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)及選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。句中that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前文的life，在翻譯時(shí)可譯成單獨(dú)的小句子，而從句中的beyond一詞可以翻譯成“不再”。[問(wèn)答題]2.2020年11月中國(guó)開始了第七次人口普查。人口普查將為開啟全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程提供科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息支持。開展第七次全國(guó)人口普查，是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)換增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力的攻關(guān)期。及時(shí)查清人口總量、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布這一基本國(guó)情，摸清人力資源結(jié)構(gòu)信息，才能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地把握需求結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)、區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)等狀況，為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系提供強(qiáng)有力的支持。人口普查，是完善人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和政策體系，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展的迫切需要。自2010年第六次全國(guó)人口普查以來(lái)，我國(guó)人口發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力和外部條件發(fā)生了顯著改變，出現(xiàn)重要轉(zhuǎn)折性變化，人口總規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)慣性減弱，勞動(dòng)年齡人口波動(dòng)下降，老齡化程度不斷加深。人口普查，是摸清我國(guó)人口家底的重要手段。我國(guó)已進(jìn)行過(guò)六次人口普查，世界各國(guó)也都定期開展人口普查。當(dāng)前，中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，及時(shí)開展人口普查，全面查清我國(guó)人口數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、分布等方面的最新情況，既是制定和完善未來(lái)收入、消費(fèi)、教育、就業(yè)、養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、社會(huì)保障等政策措施的基礎(chǔ)，也為教育和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)布局、兒童和老年人服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)、工商業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)分布、城鄉(xiāng)道路建設(shè)等提供決策依據(jù)。人口普查工作從方案制定、物資準(zhǔn)備、試點(diǎn)、人員培訓(xùn)、入戶登記到數(shù)據(jù)處理等一切工作都離不開人，隊(duì)伍建設(shè)非常重要。能否組織好人口普查隊(duì)伍，能否做好普查人員的選調(diào)，直接影響到普查的工作質(zhì)量和數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】ChinacarriedoutitsSeventhNationalPopulationCensusinNovember,2020.Thecensuswillprovidescientificandaccuratestatisticalinformationsupportforthenewjourneyofbuildingamodernsocialistcountryinanall-roundway.Thecensusisaninherentneedfortheadvancementofhigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.Atpresent,China’seconomyisinthecriticalperiodoftransformingthedevelopmentmode,optimizingtheeconomicstructureandtransformingthegrowthmomentum.Onlybyfiguringoutthesize,structureanddistributionofChina’spopulation,aswellasthestructureofhumanresourcesintimecanwegraspthedemandstructure,urbanandruralstructure,regionalstructureandindustrialstructuremoreaccurately,thusprovidingstrongsupportfortheadvancementofhigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentandthebuildingofamoderneconomicsystem.Thecensusistheurgentneedofimprovingthepopulationdevelopmentstrategyandpolicysystemandpromotingthelong-termbalancedpopulationdevelopment.SincetheSixthNationalPopulationCensusin2010,thesignificantchangeshavetakenplaceintheinternalmotivationandexternalconditionsofChina’spopulationdevelopment,suchasthelowergrowthrateofthetotalpopulation,thedecreaseoftheworking-agepopulation,andtheincreaseoftheagingpopulation.Thecensusisanessentialmeanstodelveintotheunderlyingcompositionsofourcountry.Chinahasalreadyconductedsixcensuses,andothercountriesintheworldalsoconductcensusesregularly.Atpresent,thesocialismwithChinesecharacteristicshasenteredanewera.CarryingoutacensusintimetofindoutthelatestsituationofChina’spopulationintermsofthesize,structureanddistributionnotonlylaysthefoundationforformulatingandimprovingpoliciesandmeasuressuchasfutureincome,consumption,education,employment,old-agecare,medicalcareandsocialsecurity,butalsoprovidesdecision-makingbasisforthelayoutofeducationandmedicalinstitutions,theconstructionofservicefacilitiesforchildrenandtheelderly,thedistributionofindustrialandcommercialserviceoutletsandtheconstructionofurbanandruralroads.Thecensusworkisinseparablefrompeople,fromschemeformulation,materialpreparation,pilot,personneltraining,householdregistrationtodataprocessing,indicatingthatteambuildingisveryimportant.Whetherthecensusteamcanbeorganizedwellandwhetherthecensuspersonnelcanbeselectedandtransferredwelldirectlyaffectthequalityofthecensusworkandthedata.解析（1）人口普查將為開啟全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程提供科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息支持。Thecensuswillprovidescientificandaccuratestatisticalinformationsupportforthenewjourneyofbuildingamodernsocialistcountryinanall-roundway.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。人口普查“census”，社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家“modernsocialistcountry”是常用時(shí)事詞匯。（2）及時(shí)查清人口總量、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布這一基本國(guó)情，摸清人力資源結(jié)構(gòu)信息，才能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地把握需求結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)、區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)等狀況，為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系提供強(qiáng)有力的支持。Onlybyfiguringoutthesize,structureanddistributionofChina’spopulation,aswellasthestructureofhumanresourcesintimecanwegraspthedemandstructure,urbanandruralstructure,regionalstructureandindustrialstructuremoreaccurately,thusprovidingstrongsupportfortheadvancementofhigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentandthebuildingofamoderneconomicsystem.[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)及選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。譯文結(jié)構(gòu)與原文結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同，主句采用onlybydoingsth.canwedosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，而將“為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系提供強(qiáng)有力的支持”翻譯成伴隨狀語(yǔ)thusprovidingstrongsupportfor?！盀橥苿?dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系提供強(qiáng)有力的支持”譯成名詞性短語(yǔ)，其中的動(dòng)詞“推動(dòng)、建設(shè)”也相應(yīng)譯成名詞。（3）自2010年第六次全國(guó)人口普查以來(lái)，我國(guó)人口發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力和外部條件發(fā)生了顯著改變，出現(xiàn)重要轉(zhuǎn)折性變化，人口總規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)慣性減弱，勞動(dòng)年齡人口波動(dòng)下降，老齡化程度不斷加深。SincetheSixthNationalPopulationCensusin2010,thesignificantchangeshavetakenplaceintheinternalmotivationandexternalconditionsofChina’spopulationdevelopment,suchasthelowergrowthrateofthetotalpopulation,thedecreaseoftheworking-agepopulation,andtheincreaseoftheagingpopulation.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?！叭丝诳傄?guī)模增長(zhǎng)慣性減弱，勞動(dòng)年齡人口波動(dòng)下降，老齡化程度不斷加深”譯成名詞性短語(yǔ)，其中的動(dòng)詞“減弱、下降、加深”也相應(yīng)譯成名詞。第六次全國(guó)人口普查“theSixthNationalPopulationCensus”是常用時(shí)事詞匯。