2021年6月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案

2021年6月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題真題及答案[問答題]1.Passage1AccordingtoanewInternationalLabourOrganization（江南博哥）(ILO)report,unemploymentisprojectedtoincreasebyaround2.5millionin2020.Asthegloballabourforceincreases,notenoughnewjobsarebeinggeneratedtoabsorbnewentrantstothelabourmarket.Almosthalfabillionpeopleareworkingfewerpaidhoursthantheywouldlikeorlackadequateaccesstopaidwork.“Formillionsofordinarypeople,it’sincreasinglydifficulttobuildbetterlivesthroughwork,”saidILODirector-GeneralGuyRyder.“Persistingandsubstantialwork-relatedinequalitiesandexclusionarepreventingthemfromfindingdecentworkandbetterfutures.That’sanextremelyseriousfindingthathasprofoundandworryingimplicationsforsocialcohesion.”Atthegloballevel,incomeinequalityishigherthanpreviouslythought,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Worldwide,theshareofnationalincomegoingtolabour(ratherthantootherfactorsofproduction)declinedsubstantiallybetween2004and2017,from54percentto51percent,withthiseconomicallysignificantfallbeingmostpronouncedinEurope,CentralAsiaandtheAmericas.Moderateorextremeworkingpovertyisexpectedtoedgeupin2020-21indevelopingcountries,increasingtheobstaclestoachievingSustainableDevelopmentGoal1oneradicatingpovertyeverywhereby2030.Currentlyworkingpoverty(definedasearninglessthanUS$3.20perdayinpurchasingpowerparityterms)affectsmorethan630millionworkers,oroneinfiveoftheglobalworkingpopulation.Othersignificantinequalities—definedbygender,ageandgeographiclocation—remainstubbornfeaturesofcurrentlabourmarkets,thereportshows,limitingbothindividualopportunitiesandgeneraleconomicgrowth.Inparticular,astaggering267millionyoungpeople(aged15-24)arenotinemployment,educationortraining,andmanymoreenduresubstandardworkingconditions.Thereportcautionsthatintensifyingtraderestrictionsandprotectionismcouldhaveasignificantimpactonemployment,bothdirectlyandindirectly.Lookingateconomicgrowth,itfindsthatthecurrentpaceandformofgrowthishamperingeffortstoreducepovertyandimproveworkingconditionsinlow-incomecountries.TheWESOrecommendsthatthetypeofgrowthneedstoshifttoencouragehigher-valueaddedactivities,throughstructuraltransformation,technologicalupgradinganddiversification.“Labourunderutilizationandpoor-qualityjobsmeanoureconomiesandsocietiesaremissingoutonthepotentialbenefitsofahugepoolofhumantalent,”saidthereport’sleadauthor,StefanKühn.“Wewillonlyfindasustainable,inclusivepathofdevelopmentifwetacklethesekindsoflabourmarketinequalitiesandgapsinaccesstodecentwork.”正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】AccordingtoanewInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)report,unemploymentisprojectedtoincreasebyaround2.5millionin2020.Asthegloballabourforceincreases,notenoughnewjobsarebeinggeneratedtoabsorbnewentrantstothelabourmarket.Almosthalfabillionpeopleareworkingfewerpaidhoursthantheywouldlikeorlackadequateaccesstopaidwork.國際勞工組織近期一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到2020年，失業(yè)人口預(yù)計(jì)將增長250萬。全球勞動力人口在增加的同時(shí)，卻沒有創(chuàng)造足夠的工作崗位吸納新流入勞動力市場的人口。近5億人帶薪工作時(shí)間低于預(yù)期，或者找不到帶薪工作?！癋ormillionsofordinarypeople,it’sincreasinglydifficulttobuildbetterlivesthroughwork,”saidILODirector-GeneralGuyRyder.“Persistingandsubstantialwork-relatedinequalitiesandexclusionarepreventingthemfromfindingdecentworkandbetterfutures.That’sanextremelyseriousfindingthathasprofoundandworryingimplicationsforsocialcohesion.”國際勞工組織總干事蓋伊·賴德（GuyRyder）說：“對于數(shù)百萬普通人來說，通過工作改善生活變得越來越難。與工作相關(guān)的不平等和崗位限制現(xiàn)象一直普遍存在，使他們無法找到體面工作，也無法創(chuàng)造美好未來。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)十分重大，對社會凝聚力有著深遠(yuǎn)的不利影響?！盇tthegloballevel,incomeinequalityishigherthanpreviouslythought,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Worldwide,theshareofnationalincomegoingtolabour(ratherthantootherfactorsofproduction)declinedsubstantiallybetween2004and2017,from54percentto51percent,withthiseconomicallysignificantfallbeingmostpronouncedinEurope,CentralAsiaandtheAmericas.從全球來看，收入不平等現(xiàn)象比先前預(yù)想的要嚴(yán)重，發(fā)展中國家尤為如此。2004年至2017年間，全球勞動力（而非其他生產(chǎn)要素）在國民收入中占比大幅下降，從54%降至51%，這種情況在歐洲、中亞、以及美洲最突出。Moderateorextremeworkingpovertyisexpectedtoedgeupin2020-21indevelopingcountries,increasingtheobstaclestoachievingSustainableDevelopmentGoal1oneradicatingpovertyeverywhereby2030.Currentlyworkingpoverty(definedasearninglessthanUS$3.20perdayinpurchasingpowerparityterms)affectsmorethan630millionworkers,oroneinfiveoftheglobalworkingpopulation.2020-2021年，發(fā)展中國家的中度或極端工作貧困人口預(yù)計(jì)將擴(kuò)大，這給實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)1（即到2030年消除所有貧困）增加了不少困難。目前，工作貧困（定義為按購買力平價(jià)計(jì)算，日收入低于3.20美元）工人超6.3億，占全球勞動人口的五分之一。Othersignificantinequalities—definedbygender,ageandgeographiclocation—remainstubbornfeaturesofcurrentlabourmarkets,thereportshows,limitingbothindividualopportunitiesandgeneraleconomicgrowth.Inparticular,astaggering267millionyoungpeople(aged15-24)arenotinemployment,educationortraining,andmanymoreenduresubstandardworkingconditions.報(bào)告顯示，在性別、年齡和地理位置等其他方面的嚴(yán)重不平等仍然是當(dāng)前勞動力市場的頑疾，這些現(xiàn)象限制了個(gè)人就業(yè)機(jī)會和總體經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。尤其是，有高達(dá)2.67億15-24歲的年輕人無緣就業(yè)、教育或培訓(xùn)，還有更多的人工作環(huán)境達(dá)不到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Thereportcautionsthatintensifyingtraderestrictionsandprotectionismcouldhaveasignificantimpactonemployment,bothdirectlyandindirectly.報(bào)告還警告，不斷升級的貿(mào)易限制和保護(hù)主義，可能會直接或間接地對就業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響。Lookingateconomicgrowth,itfindsthatthecurrentpaceandformofgrowthishamperingeffortstoreducepovertyandimproveworkingconditionsinlow-incomecountries.TheWESOrecommendsthatthetypeofgrowthneedstoshifttoencouragehigher-valueaddedactivities,throughstructuraltransformation,technologicalupgradinganddiversification.從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面看，當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度和發(fā)展模式，給低收入國家減貧、改善工作條件等方面的工作帶來阻礙?！妒澜缇蜆I(yè)和社會展望》報(bào)告建議改變增長方式，通過結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型、技術(shù)升級和發(fā)展多元經(jīng)濟(jì)以鼓勵(lì)高附加值的經(jīng)濟(jì)?！癓abourunderutilizationandpoor-qualityjobsmeanoureconomiesandsocietiesaremissingoutonthepotentialbenefitsofahugepoolofhumantalent,”saidthereport’sleadauthor,StefanKühn.“Wewillonlyfindasustainable,inclusivepathofdevelopmentifwetacklethesekindsoflabourmarketinequalitiesandgapsinaccesstodecentwork.”報(bào)告的主要作者斯特凡·庫恩（StefanKühn）指出：“勞動力利用不足以及工作崗位質(zhì)量低，說明我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會正錯(cuò)失巨大人才庫帶來的潛在利益。只有解決勞動力市場不平等問題，建立獲取體面工作的途徑，才能找到一條可持續(xù)的包容發(fā)展道路?！苯馕觯?）Almosthalfabillionpeopleareworkingfewerpaidhoursthantheywouldlikeorlackadequateaccesstopaidwork.近5億人帶薪工作時(shí)間低于預(yù)期，或者找不到帶薪工作。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。原句中的lackadequateaccesstopaidwork直譯是“缺乏獲得有償工作的充分機(jī)會”，這種譯法有些拗口，可以意譯為“找不到帶薪工作”。（2）Persistingandsubstantialwork-relatedinequalitiesandexclusionarepreventingthemfromfindingdecentworkandbetterfutures.與工作相關(guān)的不平等和崗位限制現(xiàn)象一直普遍存在，使他們無法找到體面工作，也無法創(chuàng)造美好未來。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。Persistingandsubstantialwork-relatedinequalities直譯是“長期存在的與工作相關(guān)的不平等和崗位限制”，定語過長導(dǎo)致譯文累贅了，不妨將Persisting放到后面翻譯，譯為“……現(xiàn)象一直普遍存在”。findingdecentworkandbetterfutures可以分譯，“無法找到體面工作，也無法創(chuàng)造美好未來”。（3）Worldwide,theshareofnationalincomegoingtolabour(ratherthantootherfactorsofproduction)declinedsubstantiallybetween2004and2017,from54percentto51percent,withthiseconomicallysignificantfallbeingmostpronouncedinEurope,CentralAsiaandtheAmericas.2004年至2017年間，全球勞動力（而非其他生產(chǎn)要素）在國民收入中占比大幅下降，從54%降至51%，這種情況在歐洲、中亞、以及美洲最突出。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。theshareofsthgoingto是固定搭配，表示“在……中……的比例”。withthiseconomicallysignificantfallbeing...是伴隨狀語，補(bǔ)充說明問題的具體情況，在譯文中可以補(bǔ)充主語，譯為“這種情況在歐洲、中亞、以及美洲最突出”（4）Currentlyworkingpoverty(definedasearninglessthanUS$3.20perdayinpurchasingpowerparityterms)affectsmorethan630millionworkers,oroneinfiveoftheglobalworkingpopulation.目前，工作貧困（定義為按購買力平價(jià)計(jì)算，日收入低于3.20美元）工人超6.3億，占全球勞動人口的五分之一。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)。in...terms是“按……來計(jì)算”。purchasingpowerparity是專有名詞，有固定譯法“購買力平價(jià)”。原句中affectsmorethan630millionworkers的含義實(shí)際就是指“工作貧困的工人數(shù)量超6.3億”。（5）Lookingateconomicgrowth,thecurrentpaceandformofgrowthishamperingeffortstoreducepovertyandimproveworkingconditionsinlow-incomecountries.從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面看，當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度和發(fā)展模式，給低收入國家減貧、改善工作條件等方面的工作帶來阻礙。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。原句中的hamperingeffortsto…直譯為“減少……的努力”，但這種譯法明顯不符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因此可以意譯為“給……帶來困難/阻礙”。同時(shí)加上范疇詞“……等方面的工作”。[問答題]2.Passage2Ametaphorisapoeticdevicethatdealswithcomparison.Itcomparessimilarqualitiesoftwodissimilarobjects.Withasimplemetaphor,oneobjectbecomestheother:Loveisarose.Althoughthisdoesnotsoundlikeaparticularlyrichimage,ametaphorcancommunicatesomuchaboutaparticularimagethatpoetsusethemmorethananyothertypeoffigurativelanguage.Thereasonforthisisthatpoetscomposetheirpoetrytoexpresswhattheyareexperiencingemotionallyatthatmoment.Consequently,whatthepoetimagineslovetobemayormaynotbeourperceptionoflove.Therefore,thepoet’sjobistoenableustoexperienceit,tofeelitthesamewaythatthepoetdoes.Weshouldbeabletonodinagreementandsay,“Yes,that’sit!Iunderstandpreciselywherethispersoniscomingfrom.”Let’sanalyzethisremarkablyunsophisticatedmetaphorconcerningloveandtherosetoseewhatitoffers.Becausethepoetusesacomparisonwitharose,firstwemustexaminethecharacteristicsofthatflower.Aroseisspectacularinitsbeauty,itspetalsarevelvetysoft,anditsaromaissoothingandpleasing.It’spossibletosaythataroseisactuallyaveritablefeasttothesenses:thevisual,thetactile,andtheaural[morecommonlyknownasthesensesofsight,touch,andsound].Therose’sappearanceseemstoborderonperfection,eachpetalseeminglysymmetricalinform.Isn’tthisthewayone’sloveshouldbe?Alovedoneshouldbeadelighttoone’ssensesandseemperfect.However,thereisanotherdimensionaddedtothecomparisonbyusingarose.Roseshavethorns.Thisisthecomprehensiveimagethepoetwantstocommunicate;otherwise,adaisyorachrysanthemumwouldhavebeenpresentedtotheaudienceastheultimaterepresentationoflove—butthepoetdidn’t,insteadconveyingtheideathatrosescanbetreacherous.Socanlove,themetaphortellsus.Whenonereachesoutwithabsolutetrusttotouchtheobjectofhisorheraffection,ouch,athorncancausegreatharm!“Becareful,”themetaphoradmonishes:Loveisafeasttothesenses,butitcanoverwhelmus,anditcanalsohurtus.Itcanprickusandcauseacutesuffering.Thisisthepoet’sperceptionoflove—anadmonition.Whatisthepoint?Justthis:Ittookalmost14sentencestoclarifywhatasimplemetaphorcommunicatesinonlyfivewords!Thatistheartistryandthejoyofthesimplemetaphor.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Ametaphorisapoeticdevicethatdealswithcomparison.Itcomparessimilarqualitiesoftwodissimilarobjects.Withasimplemetaphor,oneobjectbecomestheother:Loveisarose.Althoughthisdoesnotsoundlikeaparticularlyrichimage,ametaphorcancommunicatesomuchaboutaparticularimagethatpoetsusethemmorethananyothertypeoffigurativelanguage.Thereasonforthisisthatpoetscomposetheirpoetrytoexpresswhattheyareexperiencingemotionallyatthatmoment.Consequently,whatthepoetimagineslovetobemayormaynotbeourperceptionoflove.Therefore,thepoet’sjobistoenableustoexperienceit,tofeelitthesamewaythatthepoetdoes.隱喻是一種表比較的文學(xué)手段，用于比較兩個(gè)不同事物之間的相同特征。通過一個(gè)簡單的隱喻，一個(gè)事物變成了另一個(gè)事物，比如說：愛情是玫瑰。盡管這聽起來并非一個(gè)特別豐富的意象，但通過隱喻可傳達(dá)豐富的特定形象，所以隱喻手段一直被詩人所偏愛。詩人創(chuàng)作詩歌，是在表達(dá)當(dāng)下的情感體驗(yàn)。因此，詩人想象中的愛情與讀者所理解的愛情不盡相同。所以說，詩人的任務(wù)是讓讀者去體驗(yàn)并感受他領(lǐng)略到的愛情。Weshouldbeabletonodinagreementandsay,“Yes,that’sit!Iunderstandpreciselywherethispersoniscomingfrom.”Let’sanalyzethisremarkablyunsophisticatedmetaphorconcerningloveandtherosetoseewhatitoffers.Becausethepoetusesacomparisonwitharose,firstwemustexaminethecharacteristicsofthatflower.Aroseisspectacularinitsbeauty,itspetalsarevelvetysoft,anditsaromaissoothingandpleasing.It’spossibletosaythataroseisactuallyaveritablefeasttothesenses:thevisual,thetactile,andtheaural[morecommonlyknownasthesensesofsight,touch,andsound].Therose’sappearanceseemstoborderonperfection,eachpetalseeminglysymmetricalinform.Isn’tthisthewayone’sloveshouldbe?Alovedoneshouldbeadelighttoone’ssensesandseemperfect.我們可能能夠體會到他的感受，點(diǎn)頭稱道：“對，就是這樣！我完全理解詩人的感受。”現(xiàn)在我們分析一下這個(gè)將愛情比作玫瑰的簡單隱喻，看看它到底講了什么。因?yàn)樵娙擞妹倒遄鞅容^，我們首先就要研究一下玫瑰本身有什么特點(diǎn)。玫瑰艷麗動人，花瓣如天鵝絨般柔軟，香氣舒緩、沁人心脾?？梢哉f，玫瑰就是一場包含了視覺、觸覺和嗅覺的感官盛宴。玫瑰外觀近乎完美，每片花瓣形狀對稱，這不正是愛情該有的樣子嗎？對一個(gè)人來說，心愛之人該是感官上的愉悅，是近乎完美的。However,thereisanotherdimensionaddedtothecomparisonbyusingarose.Roseshavethorns.Thisisthecomprehensiveimagethepoetwantstocommunicate;otherwise,adaisyorachrysanthemumwouldhavebeenpresentedtotheaudienceastheultimaterepresentationoflove—butthepoetdidn’t,insteadconveyingtheideathatrosescanbetreacherous.Socanlove,themetaphortellsus.Whenonereachesoutwithabsolutetrusttotouchtheobjectofhisorheraffection,ouch,athorncancausegreatharm!“Becareful,”themetaphoradmonishes:Loveisafeasttothesenses,butitcanoverwhelmus,anditcanalsohurtus.Itcanprickusandcauseacutesuffering.Thisisthepoet’sperceptionoflove—anadmonition.Whatisthepoint?Justthis:Ittookalmost14sentencestoclarifywhatasimplemetaphorcommunicatesinonlyfivewords!Thatistheartistryandthejoyofthesimplemetaphor.然而，用玫瑰作喻，還另有用意，即玫瑰帶刺。這才是詩人想傳達(dá)的完整意象，否則一朵雛菊或是別的什么菊也能為讀者描繪愛的終極形象——但是詩人沒有這么做，他傳達(dá)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：玫瑰也可能是危險(xiǎn)的。所以說，這個(gè)暗喻告訴我們，愛情也是危險(xiǎn)的。當(dāng)一個(gè)人滿懷信任伸手觸碰其所愛時(shí)，可能被刺痛，“哎呦”一聲叫出來。這個(gè)隱喻告誡我們：“小心”，愛情確實(shí)是感官盛宴，但它可以擊垮我們，也可以傷害我們。它會刺痛我們，引起錐心之痛。這是詩人對愛情的解讀——一個(gè)告誡。意義何在？且看：一個(gè)僅有五個(gè)字的簡單隱喻，卻足足用了十幾句話才闡釋清楚！這就是簡單隱喻的藝術(shù)和樂趣所在。解析（1）Althoughthisdoesnotsoundlikeaparticularlyrichimage,ametaphorcancommunicatesomuchaboutaparticularimagethatpoetsusethemmorethananyothertypeoffigurativelanguage.盡管這聽起來并非一個(gè)特別豐富的意象，但通過隱喻可傳達(dá)豐富的特定形象，所以隱喻手段一直被詩人所偏愛。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。句中的aparticularlyrichimage是一個(gè)定語+名詞的偏正短語，somuch...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，“如此…以至于”可以不譯出來，通過增加邏輯連詞“所以”表達(dá)出原句的邏輯關(guān)系。（2）Weshouldbeabletonodinagreementandsay,“Yes,that'sit!Iunderstandpreciselywherethispersoniscomingfrom.”我們可能能夠體會到他的感受，點(diǎn)頭稱道：“對，就是這樣！我完全理解詩人的感受。”[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。should在這里不是“應(yīng)該”，而是“（表示預(yù)期）可能”的意思。Iunderstandpreciselywherethispersoniscomingfrom這句話直譯為“我完全明白這個(gè)人是從哪里來的”并不妥當(dāng)，這句話談?wù)摰氖恰拔覀儭币簿褪亲x者的感受，如果要使上下文連貫，可以譯為“我完全理解詩人的感受”。（3）Aroseisspectacularinitsbeauty,itspetalsarevelvetysoft,anditsaromaissoothingandpleasing.玫瑰艷麗動人，花瓣如天鵝絨般柔軟，香氣舒緩、沁人心脾。[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。注意原文風(fēng)格帶有文學(xué)色彩，在翻譯時(shí)可以盡量保留，多使用中文四字格，spectacular譯為“艷麗動人”，soothingandpleasing譯為“香氣舒緩、沁人心脾”。（4）butthepoetdidn’t,insteadconveyingtheideathatrosescanbetreacherous.Socanlove,themetaphortellsus.但是詩人沒有這么做，他傳達(dá)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：玫瑰也可能是危險(xiǎn)的。所以說，這個(gè)暗喻告訴我們，愛情也是危險(xiǎn)的。[分析]理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)及選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。Socanlove是一個(gè)倒裝省略句，將其補(bǔ)充完整是lovecanalsobetreacherous。Treacherous可以譯為“危險(xiǎn)的”。（5）Whatisthepoint?Justthis:Ittookalmost14sentencestoclarifywhatasimplemetaphorcommunicatesinonlyfivewords!意義何在？且看：一個(gè)僅有五個(gè)字的簡單隱喻，卻足足用了十幾句話才闡釋清楚！[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。Whatisthepoint?Justthis這兩句話要聯(lián)合起來看，根據(jù)文體以及上下文連貫靈活處理為“意義何在？且看：…”。14sentences指的是英文原文共有14個(gè)句子，但在譯為中文后經(jīng)過拆分重整，中文句子可能不是14個(gè)了，因此此處可以模糊處理為“十幾句話”。[問答題]3.Passage1據(jù)國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局消息，首批國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗（Pneumococcal13-ValentConjugateVaccine）已準(zhǔn)入市場。肺炎球菌疾病是導(dǎo)致5歲以下兒童發(fā)病和死亡的主要病種。此疫苗是中國自主研發(fā)生產(chǎn)之首例，位居世界第二。其問世將打破輝瑞在市場上的壟斷地位。肺炎球菌是引起侵襲性疾病、肺炎和上呼吸道感染的主要原因。嚴(yán)重的肺炎球菌疾病還可能導(dǎo)致耳聾、癱瘓、智力低下等嚴(yán)重后遺癥。世衛(wèi)組織將兒童肺炎球菌疾病列為疫苗接種的重中之重，并建議使用肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗。國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗是云南沃森生物技術(shù)有限公司生產(chǎn)的。此前，只有輝瑞一家公司生產(chǎn)肺炎球菌結(jié)合疫苗。自2010年批準(zhǔn)以來，該公司一直在不受挑戰(zhàn)的市場中獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。輝瑞13價(jià)肺炎結(jié)合疫苗在我國批準(zhǔn)用于6周齡至5月齡嬰幼兒，超過6個(gè)月的嬰兒不可接種，而獲準(zhǔn)的國產(chǎn)13價(jià)肺炎結(jié)合疫苗年齡跨度更大，6周齡至5歲（6周歲生日前）兒童都可接種。國產(chǎn)疫苗還具有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢。在一些接種點(diǎn)，四劑價(jià)格接近3000元。沃森公司官員表示，新產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格不會超過輝瑞公司。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】據(jù)國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局消息，首批國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗（Pneumococcal13-ValentConjugateVaccine）已準(zhǔn)入市場。肺炎球菌疾病是導(dǎo)致5歲以下兒童發(fā)病和死亡的主要病種。此疫苗是中國自主研發(fā)生產(chǎn)之首例，位居世界第二。其問世將打破輝瑞在市場上的壟斷地位。ThefirstChina-madepneumococcal13-valentconjugatevaccinehasgainedmarketingapproval,accordingtotheNationalMedicalProductsAdministration.Pneumococcaldiseaseisaleadingcauseofmorbidityandmortalityamongchildrenundertheageoffive.Thisvaccine,thefirstofitskindindependentlydevelopedandproducedinChinaandthesecondintheworld,willbreakthemonopolyofPfizeroverthemarket.肺炎球菌是引起侵襲性疾病、肺炎和上呼吸道感染的主要原因。嚴(yán)重的肺炎球菌疾病還可能導(dǎo)致耳聾、癱瘓、智力低下等嚴(yán)重后遺癥。世衛(wèi)組織將兒童肺炎球菌疾病列為疫苗接種的重中之重，并建議使用肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗。Pneumococcalbacterialeadtoinvasivediseaseandareamajorcauseofpneumoniaandupperrespiratorytractinfections.Insomeextremecases,theymayresultindeafness,paralysis,intellectualdisabilityandotherserioussequalae.TheWorldHealthOrganizationseespneumococcaldiseaseinchildrenasatoppriorityinitsimmunizationagendaandrecommendspneumococcal13-valentconjugatevaccine.國產(chǎn)肺炎球菌13化合價(jià)結(jié)合疫苗是云南沃森生物技術(shù)有限公司生產(chǎn)的。此前，只有輝瑞一家公司生產(chǎn)肺炎球菌結(jié)合疫苗。自2010年批準(zhǔn)以來，該公司一直在不受挑戰(zhàn)的市場中獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。ThenewvaccineisproducedbyWalvax,abiotechnologycompanybasedinYunnaninsouthwesternChina.Currently,PfizeristheonlyPCV13manufacturerintheworld,andhasdominatedthemarketunchallengedsinceitsapprovalin2010.輝瑞13價(jià)肺炎結(jié)合疫苗在我國批準(zhǔn)用于6周齡至5月齡嬰幼兒，超過6個(gè)月的嬰兒不可接種，而獲準(zhǔn)的國產(chǎn)13價(jià)肺炎結(jié)合疫苗年齡跨度更大，6周齡至5歲（6周歲生日前）兒童都可接種。Pfizer’s13-valentpneumococcalvaccineisauthorizedinChinatoimmunizechildrenfrom6weeksto5yearsold,andisnotavailabletothoseoversixmonths.Incontrast,theChinesevaccinecanbeusedforalargergroupofchildrenagedsixweekstofiveyears.國產(chǎn)疫苗還具有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢。在一些接種點(diǎn)，四劑價(jià)格接近3000元。沃森公司官員表示，新產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格不會超過輝瑞公司。Anothersellingpointisitsmuchlowerprice.Insomevaccinationsites,Pfizer'sfour-doseimmunizationseriescostabout3,000yuan.ThepriceofthenewvaccinewillnotbehigherthanthatofPfizer's,saidaWalvaxofficial.解析（1）此疫苗是中國自主研發(fā)生產(chǎn)之首例，位居世界第二。其問世將打破輝瑞在市場上的壟斷地位。Thisvaccine,thefirstofitskindindependentlydevelopedandproducedinChinaandthesecondintheworld,willbreakthemonopolyofPfizeroverthemarket.[分析]基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)及理解結(jié)構(gòu)采分點(diǎn)。這兩句話邏輯關(guān)系緊密，在翻譯時(shí)可以合句處理?！白灾餮邪l(fā)生產(chǎn)之首例”可以譯為thefirstofitskind，“位居世界第二”則可以考慮和后面的“打破壟斷”合并，把第二句處理成結(jié)果從句。（2）此前，只有輝瑞一家公司生產(chǎn)肺炎球菌結(jié)合疫苗。自2010年批準(zhǔn)以來，該公司一直在不受挑戰(zhàn)的市場中獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。Currently,PfizeristheonlyPCV13manufacturerintheworld,andhasdominatedthemarketunchallengedsinceitsapprovalin2010.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)。第一句可以轉(zhuǎn)換主語為“輝瑞”，將原句的動詞“生產(chǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞“manufacturer”，體現(xiàn)英文的靜態(tài)性。“在不受挑戰(zhàn)的市場中獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷”可以譯為dominatedthemarketunchallenged。（3）國產(chǎn)疫苗還具有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢。在一些接種點(diǎn)，四劑價(jià)格接近3000元。Anothersellingpointisitsmuchlowerprice.Insomevaccinationsites,Pfizer'sfour-doseimmunizationseriescostabout3,000yuan.[分析]選詞用詞采分點(diǎn)及基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?！皣a(chǎn)疫苗”重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，和上句主語一樣，指代相同內(nèi)容，此處使用代詞its更能增強(qiáng)文章的連貫性和銜接性?！皟r(jià)格優(yōu)勢”可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為sellingpoint?！敖臃N點(diǎn)”是vaccinationsites，“四劑”指的是四針，可以譯為four-doseimmunizationseries。[問答題]4.Passage2日益嚴(yán)重的土地荒漠化不僅導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化，還降低了資源的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，影響工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活，對民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會安定造成了嚴(yán)重影響，它已成為制約中國中西地區(qū)特別是西北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要因素。在中國，土地荒漠化的后果是：加劇人地矛盾，縮小人類生存空間。中國每年新增人口約1400萬，沙化土地年均增加3436平方公里，耕地面積逐年減少，人地矛盾日益突出。大約2.4萬村莊、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)遭受土地荒漠化，一些村莊、縣城被迫多次搬遷。其次，加劇自然災(zāi)害的頻率和程度，惡化生態(tài)環(huán)境，破壞人類生存條件。土地荒漠化是導(dǎo)致中國近期沙塵暴頻發(fā)、荒漠化地區(qū)生物多樣性驟減、風(fēng)蝕及黃河中下游旱澇災(zāi)害頻繁的主要原因之一?；哪貐^(qū)的植被急劇減少，許多物種瀕危?；哪觿∩鷳B(tài)環(huán)境惡化，水土流失越來越嚴(yán)重，中國每年輸入黃河的16億噸泥沙中，就有12億噸來自荒漠化地區(qū)。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】日益嚴(yán)重的土地荒漠化不僅導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化，還降低了資源的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，影響工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人民生活，對民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會安定造成了嚴(yán)重影響，它已成為制約中國中西地區(qū)特別是西北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要因素。Theincreasinglyseriousissueoflanddesertificationnotonlyleadstoenvironmentaldegradation,butalsoreducesthequantityandqualityofresources.Itdisturbsagriculturalandindustrialproductionandpeople’slife,andleavesadramaticimpactonethnicunityandsocialstability.Indeed,ithasactedasabigdragoneconomicandsocialdevelopmentinwesternandcentralChina,especiallyinthenorthwest.在中國，土地荒漠化的后果是：加劇人地矛盾，縮小人類生存空間。中國每年新增人口約1400萬，沙化土地年均增加3436平方公里，耕地面積逐年減少，人地矛盾日益突出。大約2.4萬村莊、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)遭受土地荒漠化，一些村莊、縣城被迫多次搬遷。InChina,theconsequenceofdesertificationisagrowingmismatchbetweenpopulationgrowthandlandloss,alongwithreducedspaceofhumanexistence.Everyyear,thecountry’spopulationincreasesbyabout14million,whileanaverageof3,436squarekilometersoflandislosttodesertification,leadingtoaprogressivedeclineofarableland.Thetug-of-warbetweenhumanityanddesertificationismoreprominentthaneverbefore,witharound24,000villagesandtownssubjectedtolanddesertification.Residentsinsomevillagesandtownsevenhavebeenforcedtorelocatemanytimes.其次，加劇自然災(zāi)害的頻率和程度，惡化生態(tài)環(huán)境，破壞人類生存條件。土地荒漠化是導(dǎo)致中國近期沙塵暴頻發(fā)、荒漠化地區(qū)生物多樣性驟減、風(fēng)蝕及黃河中下游旱澇災(zāi)害頻繁的主要原因之一?；哪貐^(qū)的植被急劇減少，許多物種瀕危?；哪觿∩鷳B(tài)環(huán)境惡化，水土流失越來越嚴(yán)重，中國每年輸入