2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省揚(yáng)州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分：聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.Duringtheworkshop,NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesanddeveloptheoriesbasedontheirobservations.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseumsGrades11–12TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgainaninsider’sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10:00amto3:00pm.Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.CreativeWritingintheGalleriesGrades7–12,90minutesStudentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussion,andpersonalreflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,includingfree-formpoetry.Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeaccommodated(容納)ateachsession.21.WhatcanstudentsdoduringHighSchoolStudioWorkshops?A.TheycanexperiencethescenicaccessintheEducationStudio.B.Theycanbeofferedtheopportunitytoanartentranceexamination.C.Theycanexpresstheiropinionsanddeveloptheirobservationabilities.D.Theycancreateanartworkrelatedtowhathasbeenseeninthegalleries.22.Whatdothethreeactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theylimitthenumberofvisitors. B.Theyaresuitablefora12thgrader.C.Theyletvisitorsmakehandicrafts. D.Theylastamorningoranafternoon.23.Wheremightthisarticlebechosen?A.Atraveljournal. B.Aresearchreport.C.Anartmagazine. D.Ateachingdesign.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)國家藝術(shù)館的課程情況?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.(學(xué)生們將有機(jī)會在工作室里創(chuàng)作一件藝術(shù)作品，靈感來自他們在畫廊里看到的東西。)”可知學(xué)生們可以創(chuàng)作與在畫廊里看到的東西相關(guān)的藝術(shù)品。故選D項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit部分“Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12(單次參觀博物館，9-12年級2.5小時(shí))”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Grades11–12(11-12年級)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Grades7–12,90minutes(7-12年級，90分鐘)”可知，這三種活動的共同之處是都適合12年級學(xué)生。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbyabehind-the-scenesvisittotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.(這些半天的藝術(shù)工作坊包括對畫廊中的藝術(shù)作品的深入研究和討論，然后是對教育工作室的幕后訪問，在那里學(xué)生們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)相關(guān)的藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目)”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandexplainart.(它為高中高年級學(xué)生提供了體驗(yàn)、理解和解釋藝術(shù)的工具)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.(學(xué)生們將通過創(chuàng)意寫作來表達(dá)他們對藝術(shù)的個(gè)人反應(yīng)，同時(shí)在畫廊里觀看精選的藝術(shù)品)”可知文章主要介紹了與藝術(shù)相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目情況，所以文章選自藝術(shù)雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。BFromcheckingsocialmediaeveryminutetobeinglostincomputergames,wetendtooverusetechnology.“Formanypeople,amomentwithoutyourphoneorlaptopinsightcanfeellikealifetime,”theDailyMailcommented.AteamfromtheUS-basedcompanyTollFreeForwardingbuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosniffoutthenegativeeffectstechnologycanhaveonhumanbodiesinlessthan800years.ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.“Spendinghourslookingdownatyourphonestrainsyourneckandthrowsyourspine(脊柱)offbalance,”explainedCalebBacke,ahealthandwellnessexpertintheUS.Then,themusclesinourneckneedtospendextraefforttosupportthehead,makingourbackhunched(駝背的)andneckwide.“Thewayweholdourphonescancausestrainincertainpointsofcontact–causingtextclaw(手機(jī)手),”NikolaDjordjevic,aphysicianinSerbia,toldtheteam.Itaffectstheelbowstoo,causingpaininthearm.Scientifically,itiscalledcubitaltunnelsyndrome(肘管綜合征).That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.However,currenthumanlifestylesstillraiseconcerns.AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.TheresearchteambuiltEmmabasedonthehealthissuesmentionedbyover3,000workersinFrance,GermanyandtheUK.Emma’sbackstaysbent,andherlegsareswollen(腫脹的)duetothetimepeoplespendinfrontofcomputers.Withlittletimespentoutdoorsandinthesun,herskinispale,too.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sniffout”meaninparagraph2?A.Detect. B.Approach. C.Polish. D.Contradict.25.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwomodelsofMindyandEmma?A.TheyarebuiltbythesameUS-basedcompany.B.Theybothhavebentbacksandpaleskinsimilarly.C.Everyonedoesn’tapprovehumanwillevolvethewaylikeMindy.D.Emma’sstrangeelbowisduetoholdingupaphoneforalongtime.26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisresearch?A.Negative. B.Indifferent.C.Objective. D.Favorable.27.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TocomparetwocomputermodelsMindyandEmma.B.Toillustratethereasonsforoverusingphonetechnology.C.Toaddresstheeffectscaused

by

too

much

mobilephone

use.D.Toremindtechnologicaldependencemaychangeourappearance.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了未來人類進(jìn)化或受電子設(shè)備的影響?！?4題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.(名為Mindy的計(jì)算機(jī)模型可能會說服許多人三思而后行。)”可以推知，Mindy這一模型發(fā)現(xiàn)了技術(shù)對人體的負(fù)面影響。A.Detect.發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.Approach.接近；C.Polish.擦亮、提升；D.Contradict.反駁。故sniffout詞義與detect接近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.(一些人還評論說，人類進(jìn)化可能不會以這種方式進(jìn)行。他們認(rèn)為，只有具有實(shí)際效益的功能才會保留多年。例如，可以提高生存率的功能，而不是技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響。)”可知，一些人認(rèn)為人類的進(jìn)化不會像模型Mindy提到的那樣，他們認(rèn)為人類會將有益的特征保留，而不是保留技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響，即并不是所有的人都認(rèn)為技術(shù)會影響人類進(jìn)化，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段的“AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.(英國研究人員于2019年建立了一個(gè)名為Emma的模型，以展示人們在辦公桌上的工作方式如何在20年內(nèi)改變他們。)”可知，Emma不是在美國建立的，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二段對Mindy的描述沒有涉及模型Mindy的膚色，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的“That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.(這就是為什么Mindy有一個(gè)90度的肘部，她的手看起來總是拿著手機(jī)。)”可知，有strangeelbow的是Mindy，而不是Emma，D項(xiàng)偷換主語概念。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。本文作者主要是客觀地闡述了一些研究者、媒體和大眾的觀點(diǎn)和評論?！皌heDailyMailcommented.”、“...explainedCalebBacke”、“NikolaDjordjevic,...toldtheteam”以及“Somepeoplealsocommentedthat...”等表達(dá)方式充分證明了作者對此事的客觀態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。文章通過介紹兩個(gè)模型揭示了過度使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)會影響人類的外貌和體型這一現(xiàn)象，闡述了未來人類進(jìn)化或受電子設(shè)備的影響，其目的是提醒我們技術(shù)依賴可能會改變我們的外表。故選D項(xiàng)。文章并沒有比較Mindy和Emma這兩個(gè)模型，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文章并沒有重點(diǎn)闡述過度使用手機(jī)的原因，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文章沒有提出消除影響的方法，addresstheeffects表述有誤，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選D項(xiàng)。CPlentyofdays,temperaturesinCalifornia’sMojaveDesertclimbabove120degreesFahrenheit.400silveredglasspanels,fixedintothewesternedgeofthathotdesert,aretheretogenerateheat15timesthatamount.And,ideally,tohelpcooltheplanettoo.MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日鏡)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.HeliogenCEOBillGrosshasdreamedoftakingadvantageofthesunsincethe1973energycrisis,whenhesoldDIYsolarpanels.Thosesaleshelpedputhimthroughcollege.Lastfall,thecompanyfiredupthisfirstarray(陣列).“Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.SimilararrayshavebeenusedtomakeelectricityandtastySunChips,andevendrillforoil.Butthosepeakaround1,000degrees,becauseeachheliostathastobeindividuallyadjustedandcanfalloutofrankovertime.WithHeliogen,camerasatthetopofthetowerscanthesky,andimageanalysissoftwarefiguresoutthebestpositionforeachmirror,whichcancircleinlessthan1/160ofadegree.Grosssayssuchefficiencycandeliverheat20percentmorecheaplythanfossilfuelscan.Asproofofconcept,Heliogenhassetupakiln(爐)atthetopofthetowertodirectlyheatlimestone,akeystepinmakingcement.Thisyearthecompanyplanstolinkwithcommercialpartnersthathavethelargeshadowlesslandrequired.Grossisalsobuildingareceiverthatcanhandletemperaturesabove2,700degrees.Thatkindofstrongfirecancreatesynthetichydrogen(合成氫),whichcouldreplaceoil-basedfuels.“Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”28.WhatisthecharacteristicofHeliogen’sheliostat?A.Itcanworkaroundtheclockinhotdesert.B.Itconsistsofover400silveredglasspanels.C.Itstemperaturecanreachover2,700degrees.D.Itreliesonareceivertomakeindustrialproducts.29.HowdoesHeliogen’sheliostattakeeffect?A.Italwayscirclesaroundthesunprecisely.B.Itreducesmuchgreenhousegasemissions.C.Itreplacesnuclearfuelintheindustrialfield.D.Itburnsitselftogeneratesynthetichydrogen.30.WhatcanwelearnfromHeliogenCEOBillGross?A.Hewasexcitedaboutwhathiscompanyhasachieved.B.Hemadeabreakthroughinmanufacturingcementlastfall.C.Hehadnorelatedknowledgebeforethecompanyestablishment.D.Hepromotedthecooperationwithotherpartnersinsolarenergy.31.Whatdoesthelastsentence“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”mean?A.Thesolarenergyapplicationtoproducingproductsisapromisingreform.B.Weshouldremovethetraditionalwaysofmanufacturingcementandsteel.C.Morecementandsteelshouldbeproducedtocreateadvancedcivilization.D.Peopleneedtouseoil-basedfuelstomakemorecivilization-relatedproducts.【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Heliogen公司在加利福尼亞的莫哈韋沙漠建立的太陽能列陣以及利用其產(chǎn)生的能源制造產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方式。【28題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日鏡)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.(由總部位于帕薩迪納的Heliogen公司制造，每個(gè)16平方英尺的定日鏡將一千瓦的陽光反射到一座五層樓的塔頂，在那里被接收器吸收。當(dāng)黑色的小定日鏡燃燒成白色時(shí)，溫度超過了1800度。)”可知，定日鏡需要借助于一個(gè)接收器來收集能量，從而制造產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段最后一句話“That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.(這已經(jīng)足夠熱了，可以開始制造水泥和其他通常依賴燃燒化石燃料的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，并有可能減少高達(dá)10%的全球溫室氣體排放。)”可知，Heliogen的定日鏡有可能減少高達(dá)10%的全球溫室氣體排放。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段的最后一句話““Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.(Gross說：“這有點(diǎn)像觀看登月。”)”可知，Gross對公司取得的成績感到興奮。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”(Gross說：“文明取決于水泥和鋼鐵——我們的道路、旅行和一切?！薄拔覀円呀?jīng)找到了清理的方法?！?”可知，“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”意味著將太陽能應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品是一項(xiàng)很有前途的改革。故選A項(xiàng)。DAdamRyan,31,hasworkedatTargetinChristiansburg,Virginia,forthreeyears.“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance.TargethastoldmeIdon’tqualifyfortheirbenefitsbecauseIdon’tgetenoughhours,”saidRyan,whoisalsoanorganizerwithTargetWorkersUnite,anindependentinitiativeofTargetworkers.Hemakes$13anhour,thehourlyminimumwageatTargetsinceJune2022,whichisscheduledtoincreaseto$15anhourbytheendof2023.ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.Theythinkthatbroaderinfluencesintheretailsector(零售業(yè))areresponsiblefortheirdifficulty–especially,theactionsoftheirhard-chargingrivalAmazon.“They’rerespondingtowhatAmazonisdoing,”Ryanadded.“Theyaretryingtoturnthesestoresintotheirowndistributioncenters,usingbrick-and-mortarstores(實(shí)體店).Wehavetobewarehouseworkersandcustomerserviceworkers.”TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.ThesurveyalsoprovidessomeinsightintoTarget’soppositiontoworkersorganizing.Manyworkerssurveyedreporttheyhavebeenscoldedbymanagementfordiscussingworkplaceissuesinthestoreoronsocialmedia.AsTargetworkersreportstrugglingtomakeendsmeetwhileexperiencingcutstotheirschedules,lossofbenefits,andincreasedworkloads,Targetreportedrecordshareprices(股價(jià))attheendof2022,consistentlybeatingpredictionsofsalesandprofitsin2022andfindingabalancebetweenphysicalstoresanddigitalcommerce.Theretailchainisrankedtheeighth-largestretailcorporationintheUSbasedonsales.Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.32.WhatcanweknowfromthemodernizationplanofTarget?A.Ithasnotreceivedwidespreadsupportfromemployees.B.Itmeanslessworkhourswhichcanbenefitbothparties.C.Onlyafewemployeescanbelaidoffwhenitisineffect.D.Newemployeessuffermoreforlackofmuchexperience.33.WhatdoesthesurveybyTargetWorkersUniteindicate?A.Halfworkerscouldnotfindenoughfoodtoliveon.B.Workers’livingconditionswereactuallynotoptimistic.C.Targetworkersbegantorealizethattheyhadbeencheated.D.Itwasinhumantomakesomeemployeestransfertheirpositions.34.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconveytoreaders?A.Targettriedtostrugglefortheirworkers’benefitsandwelfare.B.Targetconductedthemodernizationplan,butfailedintheend.C.Targetraisedmuchmoneytocopewithworkers’financialproblems.D.Targetraisedwages,butwithlessworkinghoursandmoreworkload.35.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?A.Targetdropstheplanbecauseofworkers’claims.B.DetailsofhowTargetdefendsitselfarepresented.C.ThewriterexplainswhyTargetachievedasuccess.D.Amazonencounterssimilarproblemsfromworkers.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要描述了美國八大零售商之一的Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及員工相對應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，揭露了Target勞資矛盾的問題。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.(但瑞安和塔吉特其他幾名員工表示，塔吉特正在縮短工作時(shí)間，并將工作量增加一倍，因?yàn)樵摴靖鶕?jù)提高效率的“現(xiàn)代化計(jì)劃”提高了最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”和下文的調(diào)查結(jié)論“TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(TargetWorkersUnite最近發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)針對Target全美500多名員工的調(diào)查，調(diào)查對象包括44個(gè)州的382家不同商店。僅有12.7%的受訪工人表示，僅靠塔吉特的工資就能生存，56%的受訪工人表示，他們在塔吉特工作期間食物短缺，12.8%的受訪工人表示無家可歸。)”以及第一段提到的“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance(我必須和家人住在一起，因?yàn)槲易约焊恫黄鸱孔?。我沒有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn))”Ryan對自己當(dāng)前工資狀況不滿可知，Target公司正在削減員工的工作，并將工作量增加一倍的themodernizationplan并不深得人心，故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(僅有12.7%的受訪工人表示，僅靠塔吉特的工資就能生存，56%的受訪工人表示，他們在塔吉特工作期間食物短缺，12.8%的受訪工人表示無家可歸。)”提及的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，只有12.7%的工人表示他們可以靠Target公司的工資生存，56%的工人稱他們在Target公司工作期間沒有食物，12.8%的工人報(bào)告無家可歸。由此可知，被調(diào)查者的生存狀況不容樂觀，故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。本文主要講述了Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及員工相對應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。在這個(gè)計(jì)劃的執(zhí)行過程中，勞資雙方的矛盾在于工資、勞動時(shí)間和工作量三個(gè)方面，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句話“Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.(Target公司反對員工組織的調(diào)查結(jié)果和工人對工作條件和時(shí)間表削減的訴求）”，再結(jié)合最后一段提及的Target公司現(xiàn)在的股價(jià)和在美國的市場地位可以推論，Target公司會提出更多反駁的理由，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoMakeYourHolidayWonderfulDon’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?___36___1.Don’tForceCheerAtfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(贊美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.___37___Buta2011studybyresearchersatMichiganStateUniversitymightmakeyouthinktwice.Theyfolloweddozensofbusdriversfortwoweeks,lookingtoseewhentheyforceahappyfaceattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedthatondayswhenthedriverstriedtopretendtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse.2.Don’tSuppress(壓制)SadnessTheresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.___38___Expressingoursadnesscanhelpusgetcomfortandcompassionfromthosewhocareaboutus.Bycontrast,suppressingouremotionscanactuallyharmourrelationships.3.RespondMindfully___39___Whenyourespondmindfullytoanemotionaltrigger(誘因),youpauseratherthanreacting.Insteadofblamingyourself,yousimplynoticewhatyou’refeelingwithoutjudgingthatresponseasrightorwrong.Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.___40___Inevitably,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows.Perhapsthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being.A.Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.B.Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.C.Sotryingtohidetheirfeelingsseemstoleadtoanoppositeresult.D.Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.E.Instead,ifproperlyunderstood,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.F.Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.G.That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.【答案】36.D37.A38.G39.F40.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了如何讓假期過得更美好的一些建議?！?6題詳析】分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本文是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)上文“Don’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?(不想獨(dú)自度過一個(gè)心情憂郁的假期嗎？)”可知，上文向讀者發(fā)問。結(jié)合下文的小標(biāo)題可知，空出承上啟下。所以心理學(xué)研究提供了一些有效的方法來戰(zhàn)勝假日憂郁。D項(xiàng)“Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.(心理學(xué)研究提出了一些有效的方法來幫助克服節(jié)日的憂郁情緒。)”符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。【37題詳析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Don’tForceCheer(不要強(qiáng)求喝彩)”可知，本段主要講述不要強(qiáng)求喝彩。根據(jù)上文“Atfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(贊美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.(在家庭聚會上，當(dāng)你的親戚做出一些不真實(shí)的贊美時(shí)，你可能會試圖強(qiáng)迫自己微笑。)”可知，本句引出“微笑”。A項(xiàng)“Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.(微笑似乎是最成熟的回應(yīng)。)”跟前句之間是順承關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Don’tSuppress(壓制)Sadness(不要壓抑悲傷)”可知，本段主要講述不要壓抑悲傷。根據(jù)上文“Theresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.(斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員可以解釋公交車司機(jī)研究的結(jié)果，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)悲傷或憤怒等負(fù)面情緒只會在我們試圖抑制它們時(shí)惡化。)”講到當(dāng)我們試圖抑制悲傷或憤怒等負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，它們只會變得更糟。G項(xiàng)“That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.(這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們試圖控制和隱藏內(nèi)心的負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，我們會感覺更糟。)”分析原因，前后句子之間屬于因果關(guān)系。干擾項(xiàng)C，前后句之間人稱是矛盾的。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】這一空位于這一小節(jié)段首，是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)這一小節(jié)的主題句。F項(xiàng)“Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.(最近，科學(xué)家們特別關(guān)注正念的好處。)”中的thebenefitsofmindfulness與副標(biāo)題RespondMindfully對應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】空格處位于段末。根據(jù)上文“Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.(研究表明，對負(fù)面事件的專注反應(yīng)會減少我們經(jīng)歷的負(fù)面情緒。)”可知，上文講了正念的好處。B項(xiàng)“Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.(正念是一種你可以隨著時(shí)間的推移而發(fā)展的技能。)”與上文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkopick,10,couldn’tagree.Werethebirdsoutontheiceducksorgeese?Therewasonlyonewaytofindout.SoonachillyJanuaryevening,thetwofriendsventured(冒險(xiǎn))ontothe___41___pondneartheirhomesinFrankfort,Illinois,togetabetterlook.Firsttheythrewarockontotheiceto___42___it.CruztoldNBC5Chicago.“Thenwesteppedonit.”___43___theicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps.Thenhecrashedthroughthe___44___frozensurface.“Therewasnosound,nocrack.”hetoldNBC5Chicago.“Ijustfellthroughinstantly.”Cruzrushedtohelphis___45___friend.However,thepond___46___himtoo.Cruzmanagedtolifthimselfoutoftheextremelycoldwaterandontoamore___47___section.Hethen___48___workedhiswaytowardAnthony.Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.Theboyswereuptotheirnecksinicywaterandquicklylosingfeelingintheirlimbs.Anychanceoftheirfreeingthemselveswas___49___.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.Anthony’soldersisterhadseentheboysfallthroughtheiceandstarted____50____forhelp.JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequickly____51____.Seeingtheboys,he____52____anearbybuoy(救生圈),kickedoffhisshoes,andranintothewater.LavinmadehiswaytoCruzandAnthonyandpulledthembacktoland.Theyweretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minutestayinthewaterhad____53____theirbodytemperaturenearlytendegrees.Fortunately,theboyshavefully____54____,thoughtheyarestillalittleamazedbytheir____55____neighbor.“Justtothink,”saysCruz,“ifhewerenotthere,Icouldhavedied.”41.A.calm B.frozen C.bitter D.tough42.A.bury B.test C.spread D.dig43.A.Confused B.Amazed C.Convinced D.Annoyed44.A.seemingly B.appropriately C.alternatively D.constantly45.A.optimistic B.hesitant C.panicked D.tolerant46.A.shifted B.swallowed C.struck D.swept47.A.flat B.smooth C.rough D.solid48.A.cautiously B.ultimately C.passively D.greedily49.A.puttingaway B.slippingaway C.takingaway D.breakingaway50.A.waving B.jumping C.screaming D.running51.A.pulledover B.knockedover C.tookover D.lookedover52.A.extended B.grabbed C.polished D.covered53.A.lowered B.affected C.monitored D.examined54.A.relieved B.restricted C.released D.recovered55.A.careless B.worthless C.helpless D.fearless【答案】41.B42.B43.C44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.B50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了兩個(gè)小孩為了看清結(jié)冰的池塘面上是一只鴨還是一只鵝，決定冒險(xiǎn)走上去一探究竟。然而由于高估了冰的承受力，他們先后遇險(xiǎn)，命懸一線。幸運(yùn)的是，勇敢的鄰居聽到了姐姐的呼喊，成功地救下了兩個(gè)孩子并及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院救治?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在一個(gè)寒冷的一月晚上，這兩個(gè)朋友冒險(xiǎn)來到他們位于伊利諾伊州法蘭克福的家附近的結(jié)冰池塘，以便更好地觀察。A.calm冷靜的；B.frozen凍僵的；C.bitter痛苦的；D.tough困難的。從下文“threwarockontotheice”可知，這個(gè)池塘是結(jié)冰的。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：首先他們把一塊石頭扔到冰上進(jìn)行測試。A.bury掩埋；B.test測試；C.spread蔓延；D.dig挖。根據(jù)“theythrewarockontotheice”和常識可知，扔一塊石頭到池塘上是為了測試冰的結(jié)實(shí)度。故選test。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：安東尼確信冰塊能承受住他們的重量，于是走了幾步。A.Confused困惑的；B.Amazed驚訝的；C.Convinced確信的；D.Annoyed厭煩的。根據(jù)下文“Anthonytookafewsteps”可知，在確定冰可以承受他們的重量時(shí)，其中一個(gè)小男孩Anthony走了幾步。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他撞穿了看似結(jié)冰的表面。A.seemingly看似；表面上；B.appropriately恰當(dāng)?shù)?；C.alternatively或者；要不；D.constantly持續(xù)地。從下文“Ijustfellthroughinstantly”可知，冰面并不結(jié)實(shí)，池塘只是看起來是凍結(jié)實(shí)的。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：克魯茲趕緊去幫助驚慌失措的朋友。A.optimistic樂觀的；B.hesitant猶豫的；C.panicked恐慌的；D.tolerant容忍的。根據(jù)語境，面對這一突發(fā)事件，Anthony當(dāng)時(shí)一定非常驚恐。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，池塘也吞噬了他。A.shifted轉(zhuǎn)換；B.swallowed吞下；C.struck打擊；D.swept打掃。根據(jù)“However”可知，他并沒有救成功，反而池塘也吞噬了他。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：克魯茲設(shè)法把自己從極冷的水中抬了出來，爬到了一個(gè)更堅(jiān)固的部分。A.flat平的；B.smooth順利的；C.rough粗糙的；D.solid堅(jiān)固的。根據(jù)語境可知，Cruz并沒有放棄，成功地從水里出來并把自己移到了一塊相對穩(wěn)固的地方，這樣才不會再一次從冰面上掉下去。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他小心翼翼地走向安東尼。A.cautiously小心地；B.ultimately最后；C.passively被動地；D.greedily貪婪地。結(jié)合上文提到冰面不結(jié)實(shí)可知，這一次他非常小心謹(jǐn)慎。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們重獲自由的任何機(jī)會都在悄悄溜走。A.puttingaway把……收起來；B.slippingaway滑走；C.takingaway拿走；D.breakingaway脫離。從上文“Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.”可知，他們生存的機(jī)會已經(jīng)悄悄溜走了，也就是機(jī)會很小。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：安東尼的姐姐看到男孩們從冰里掉了下來，開始大聲呼救。A.waving揮手；B.jumping跳；C.screaming尖叫；D.running跑。從下文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，當(dāng)安東尼的姐姐看到弟弟掉進(jìn)池塘里，她就拼命喊叫求救，最終被鄰居聽到了。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他迅速把車停在路邊。A.pulledover靠邊停車；B.knockedover撞倒；C.tookover接管；D.lookedover瀏覽。根據(jù)上文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，JohnLavin當(dāng)時(shí)正在路上開車，聽到救命聲，立刻把車靠邊停下。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這些男孩，他抓起附近的一個(gè)浮標(biāo)，踢掉鞋子，跑進(jìn)了水里。A.extended延申；B.grabbed抓；C.polished擦亮；D.covered覆蓋。根據(jù)“anearbybuoy(救生圈)”并結(jié)合常識可知，看到這兩個(gè)落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈。故選B。【53題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們被送往醫(yī)院，醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在水中呆了五分鐘，體溫下降了近十度。A.lowered下降；B.affected影響；C.monitored監(jiān)視；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)上文“theirfive-minutestayinthewater”推知，小男孩們在水里待了五分鐘讓他們的體溫下降了10度。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，男孩們已經(jīng)完全康復(fù)，盡管他們?nèi)匀粚o所畏懼的鄰居感到有點(diǎn)驚訝。A.relieved放松；B.restricted限制；C.released釋放；D.recovered恢復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“Fortunately”可知，兩個(gè)小孩最終完全康復(fù)了。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.careless粗心的；B.worthless無價(jià)值的；C.helpless無助的；D.fearless無畏的。根據(jù)下文“ifhew