閱讀理解詞義猜測題（練）-2024年高考英語一輪復習（解析版）

第17講詞義猜測題

（模擬精練+真題演練）

?最新模擬精練

根據(jù)文章選擇正確的選項

1.（2023年浙江紹興高三統(tǒng)考）AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,Invisible

HandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.Besides

volunteeringtodelivergroceriesforfree,NewYorkersalsoreachedouttotranslatetheInvisibleHandsflyersinto

overadozenlanguages,enablingtheorganisationtoreachouttomoremembersofthecommunity.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeitstoll“meaninparagraph3?

A.Causegreatdamage.B.Reducetheimpact.

C.Fillahugegap.D.Recoverslowly.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語所在句子“AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,

InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.

（2020年3月，隨著大流行病開始在紐約takeitstoll,InvisibleHandsDeliver組織目睹了社區(qū)中志同道合者

的大力支持。）”可知，疫情期間社區(qū)中志同道合的人們伸出援助之手，大力支持社區(qū)的人們，這說明疫情造

成了巨大損失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，畫線短語“takeitstoll”意為“造成很大損失”，故選A。

2.（2023年浙江寧波高三校聯(lián)考）Thebarefactisthatwewillcontinuetoimproveourintelligentmachines.We

haveproblemsthatwedesperatelyneedtosolve.Sowewilldothis,ifwecan.Thetrainisalreadyoutofthe

station,andthere9snobraketopull.Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikely

developinwaysthatwecan'timagine,andtrevscendusinwaysthatwecan'timagine.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transcend“inParagraph3mean?

A.Disable.B.Inspire.C.Disappoint.D.Outpace.

【答案】D

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半部分“Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywill

verylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan'timagine"（如果我們制造出比我們更聰明的機器，它們很可能以我們

無法想象的方式發(fā)展）可知，當機器人比我們更聰明時，它們的一些方式可能是我們無法想象，甚至在某

些方面會超出我們的想象，所以劃線詞此處指“超越”，A項“使失去能力”；B項“啟發(fā)，鼓舞”；C項“使失望”；

D項“超越”，故選D。

3.（2023年浙江寧波高三校聯(lián)考）TheNationalMeritScholarshipisoneawardedtothosewhodowellonthe

PreliminarySATortheNationalMeritScholarshipQualifyingTest.TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporation

willgrantaround7,600studentsthescholarshipafteranintensefilteringofabout1.6millionentries.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“filtering“meaninparagraph2?

A.Selecting.B.Cooperating.C.Fighting.D.Matching.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporationwillgrantaround7,600

studentsthescholarshipafteranintense”以及后文"ofabout1.6millionentries”可知，國家優(yōu)秀獎學金公司是從

約160萬名申請者中選出7600名學生發(fā)放獎學金。故畫線詞意思是“選擇”。故選A。

4.（2023年湖北襄陽四中模擬測試）

Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly."Babiesdon'texplorethe

worldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,

theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmore

efficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimply

rejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.^^saysDrFrancescoPoli.

Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上一段"Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookfbr

thosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthe

contrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlythe

informationusefultothem,theyselect,saysDrFrancescoPoli.（如果嬰兒想要了解這個世界，他們會有自己的

策略。首先，他們尋找那些能讓他們更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他們看到一個他

們無法進一步了解的物體或事件，他們就會直接拒絕它。他們只選擇對他們有用的信息。FrancescoPoli博

士說）“以及文章第三段“Thatsoundseasier,evenfbrababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatis

importantandwhatisnot?（即使對嬰兒來說，這聽起來容易做起來難。但是嬰兒怎么知道什么是重要的，什

么是不重要的?）"可知，此處的That指代的應該是有策略地學習。故選C項。

5.（2023年湖北黃岡中學?？级＃?/p>

Just17monthsearlier,thistriphadseemedimpossible.InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeI

diabetes（糖尿?。?Shesays,“Ifeltsolow,thinking,'WhatamIgoingtodonowinlife,stuckwiththis?^^^

ThenewsputinjeopardyallMavani'shopesoftravelling.Sheretiredtheyearbeforeandhersoneventually

flewthenest."Ifeltfree.Itwasmychance.Ithought,'Hooray,IcanenjoyButherdiagnosismadeMavani

scaredtoleavethehouse.Hereldersistercametohelp,butMavani"couldn'twalktothelocalpark“without

feelingunwell.Veryslowly,Mavanibuiltherselfupfromwalkingaroundtheblocktotakinggentlegymclasses.It

wastherethatshemetHazel,whoinvitedhertoatalkaboutclimbingKilimanjaro.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“putinjeopardy“inparagraph3mean?

A.Revealed.B.Inspired.C.Announced.D.Threatened.

【答案】D

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上一段的"InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeIdiabetes.（2017年5月，

Mavani被診斷出患有I型糖尿病）”可知，劃線短語前的thenews指的是Mavani被診斷出患有I型糖尿病

這件事，這件事肯定是危及到她的旅行計劃，所以劃線短語putinjeopardy的意義為“使處于險境”。故選D

項。

6.（2023年江蘇南京金陵中模擬預測）

Asparents,wealwayshopetodevelopcharactertraitsinourchildrenthatwillenhancetheirsuccessinlife.

WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowing

notewrappedaroundthetinytooth.

DerToothFairy,

Piezelevemeyormajikwand（杖）.Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.

LuvMeegan

Recognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy57left

thefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan:

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theteachablemoment^^referto?

A.Meeganlostatooth.B.Meeganwrappedatooth.

C.Meeganwroteanote.D.Meeganreceivedanote.

【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothat

theageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.Piezelevemeyormajikwand.Iwantto

beatoothfairy,too.（當我們的女兒Meegan,五個孩子中最大的一個，在六歲時失去了門牙時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)下面

的紙條包裹在這顆小牙齒上。請給我你的魔杖，我也想成為一名牙仙。）”可知，Meegan給牙仙子寫了一個

紙條表達自己的愿望，父母抓住這個教育的契機，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子進行交流。所以“theteachable

moment（可教的時刻）”指的是Meegan給牙仙子寫了一個紙條表達自己的愿望（Meeganwroteanote）,父母

抓住這個教育的契機。故選C。

7.（2023年江蘇南京金陵中學模擬預測）

Meanwhile,itappearsthatschoolsaretryinghardtofigureouthowtocounteiacttheuseofChatGPT.Many

schoolshavebannedChatGPTonschooldevicesandnetworks,andeducatorsareadjustingtheirteachingstyles.

Someareturningtomorein-classessays,whileothersarelookingathowtheycanincorporatethetechnologyinto

theclassroom.

Whafsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“counteract“inparagraph5?

A.reduceB.increaseC.supportD.delay

【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)戈U線詞下文“ManyschoolshavebannedChatGPTonschooldevicesandnetworks,and

educatorsareadjustingtheirteachingstyles.（許多學校已經(jīng)禁止在學校設備和網(wǎng)絡上使用ChatGPT,教育工作

者正在調整他們的教學風格）”可推測，上文的意思是“與此同時，學校似乎正在努力找出如何抵制ChatGPT

的使用”也就是減少ChatGPT的使用，故counteract意為“減少”，和reduce同義，故選A。

8.（2023年江蘇南通海安高級中學統(tǒng)考）

“OneofthebiggestproblemswithChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,withfalsities,“Michael

WooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon,UK,toldTheGuardian.ThismeansthatChatGPTdoesn'tknow

thetruthabouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfromvariousresourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“falsities“meaninthelastbutoneparagraph?

A.Falseinformation.B.Somethingnew.

C.Variousresources.D.Timelyresponses.

【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章劃線單詞所在段最后一句"ThismeansthatChatGPTdoesn'tknowthetruth

abouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfromvariousresourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.（這意味著

ChatGPT不知道世界的真相一它從各種資源中學習信息，但它無法決定什么是真的還是假的。戶可知，劃線

單詞所在句子OneofthebiggestproblemswithChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,withfalsities的

意思是：ChatGPT最大的問題之一是，它很自信地帶著謊言回來了。可知最后一段中，帶下劃線的單詞的

意思是"虛假信息”，故選A。

9.（2023年福建福州高中模擬預測）Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththe

human-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot'sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethose

whoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotis

notenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.Itishuman-likebehaviorthatmightbe

crucialforbeingdeemedasanintentionalagent.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deemed"inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Believed.B.Persuaded.C.Performed.D.Advocated.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughto

makepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.（這表明，僅僅與類人機器人接觸不足以讓人們相信

它有思想和情感）”可知，現(xiàn)在的研究并不能讓人們相信類人機器人真正擁有思想和情感，這種類似人類的行

為可能是被視為有意行為的關鍵。由此可知，劃線詞deemed與上文中的believe意思相近。故選A。

10.（2023年湖南長沙雅禮中學二模）

Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.Atfirst,Ijustsoundedhoarse

whenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad'scondition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay"Yesplease”

toacupofteawithoutsoundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,noseand

throatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hoarse“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Unabletospeak.

B.Unabletoexpressoneself.

C.（Sounding）sweetandsmooth.

D.（Sounding）roughandunpleasant.

【答案】D

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面一句中的“Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,I

lostmyvoice.（幾年前，當我照顧重病的父親時，我失聲了。）”以及下文的“whenIwashavingdifficult

conversationsaboutDad'scondition（當我艱難地談論爸爸的病情時）”可推斷，作者說話比較困難，所以聲音

應該是變得沙啞難聽，故選D。

11.（2023年湖南師大附中一模）Afewweeksearlier,thefamiliesherehadlearnedthedistrictwasplanning

todiminishtheFilipinolanguageprogramatLongfellowElementarySchoolbycombiningitskindergartenand

first-gradeclasses,decreasingthenumberofspotsavailablebyroughlyhalf.LocatedinSanFrancisco'sExcelsior

neighborhood,theschoolhostsalargeFilipinostudentbody.Itsfull-daylanguageprogramisoneofjustahandful

ofprogramsthroughoutthecountryofferinganelementaryschool-levelethnicstudiescurriculum.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminish“meaninparagraph3?

A.Continue.B.Launch.C.End.D.Reduce.

【答案】D

【解析1詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“bycombiningitskindergartenandfirst-gradeclasses,reducingthenumberofspots

availablebyroughlyhalf.（將幼兒園和一年級的班級合并，將招生名額減少大約一半）”可知，通過將幼兒園和

一年級的課程合并，該校減少了大約一半的招生名額。由此可知，該地區(qū)計劃減少菲律賓語言項目，即

diminish意為"減少"，與shrink同義。故選D。

12.（2023湖南長沙長郡中學模擬預測）

ForanatmospherewithEarth'satmosphericpressure,CO2levelsashighas1percentcancausesleepinessin

humans,andoncewereachlevelsof10percentCO2,wewillsuffocateevenifthereisabundantoxygen.The

proposedabsolutebest-casescenario（設想）forchangingMarsleavesuswithanatmosphereweareincapableof

breathing.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suffocate“meaninParagraph4?

A.Choke.

B.Faint.

C.Hurt.

D.Explode..

【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“ForanatmospherewithEarth'satmosphericpressure,CO2levelsashighas

1percentcancausesleepinessinhumans（在與地球大氣壓相當?shù)拇髿庵?，二氧化碳濃度高達1%就會導致人

類嗜睡）”，由此推知“oncewereachlevelsof10percentCO2（一旦我們達到10%的二氧化碳水平）”人們可能

會“窒息”，所以劃線詞suffocate的意思應該是“窒息”。故選A。

13.（2023年湖南長沙一中三模）

Dogscanbetrainedtorolloverandplaydead.Buttheirancientinstinctsfromtheirwolfancestorsarestill

there.Instincts,orinstinctivebehaviors,arebehaviorsthataredonewithoutthinking.Theydon'thavetobelearned.

Forexample,somedogswillscratchthegroundafterpooping（排便）.Butthey5renottryingtoburytheirpoop.

Theywantotheranimalstonoticeit."Theyaredepositingsmellinthoseareas,9,Siracusasaid."It'salmostlike

drawingapicturewithabigredmarkeraroundit,“headded.

Whichcanbestreplacetheword“depositing“inParagraph3?

A.leavingB.hidingC.removingD.detecting

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butthey'renottryingtoburytheirpoop.Theywantotheranimalsto

noticeit."（但它們并不是想把便便埋起來。他們想讓其他動物注意到它）“可推斷出，“Theyaredepositingsmell

inthoseareas"中的"depositingsmell"意為"留下氣味故選A。

14.（2023廣東深圳?外國語學校階段練習）

Morethan100countriesworldwidesellHappyMealsatMcDonald5slocations.Theburgerchainbegan

sellingthemealsin1979.In2018,afterwidespreadconcernaboutchildren'smealsatfast-foodrestaurants,the

companyrevampeditsoptionstoselectionsthatwerelowerincalories,sodium,saturatedfatandsugar.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"revamped“inParagraph2mean?

A.Challenged.B.Offered.C.Adjusted.D.Distributed.

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測題。第二段提到"Theburgerchainbegansellingthemealsin1979.In2018,afterwidespread

concernaboutchildren'smealsatfast-foodrestaurants,thecompanyrevampeditsoptionstoselectionsthatwere

lowerincalories,sodium,saturatedfatandsugar.^^（這家漢堡連鎖店從1979年開始銷售這種餐點。2018年，

在人們普遍擔心快餐店的兒童餐后，該公司將其選擇311^1卡路里、鈉、飽和脂肪和糖含量較低的食品。），

由此判斷，1979年開始麥當勞就開始售賣開心樂園餐，但到了2018年的時候漢堡里卡路里、鈉、飽和脂肪

和糖的含量變少，說明麥當勞就漢堡的配方進行了調整和修改。A.Challenged.挑戰(zhàn)；B.Offered.提供；C.

Adjusted.調整；D.Distributed.分配；分發(fā)。C項adjust（調整;調節(jié)）符合文意。故選C。

15,（2023廣東深圳外國語學校模擬測試）

ThisstudycomesaheadofaUnitedNationsmeetinginChinatodiscussbiodiversity（生物多樣'性）goalsfor

thenextdecade.Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentoftheplanetby2030,yetthe

researcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveoutcomesforspecies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inParagraph3referto?

A.Doingsomethingpositive.B.Organizingthemeeting.

C.Talkingaboutbiodiversity.D.Expandingprotectedareas.

【答案】D

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Severalcountrieshavealreadycommittedtoprotecting30percentof

theplanetby2030,yettheresearcherssaythisalonedoesnotnecessarilyguaranteepositiveout-comesfor

species.（一些國家已經(jīng)承諾到2030年保護地球的30%,然而，研究人員表示，僅憑這一點并不一定能保證

對物種產(chǎn)生積極的影響。）”可知，一些國家己經(jīng)承諾到2030年時將保護地球30%的土地，此處的this指上

文提到的“承諾到2030年保護地球的30%”也就是承諾“擴大保護區(qū)域”。故選D項。

■真題實戰(zhàn)演練

用適當?shù)膯卧~填空

1.（2023年全國乙卷D篇）

TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhom

appearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:

ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateand

non-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.

Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

【答案】B

［解析］詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsider

contact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarily

twisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所

有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就：通

過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個聲音。當我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時，我

們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。）“結合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找至!J對話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文

本，還要讀物體。）”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們

想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。

2.（2022年新課標I卷C篇）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

""Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirstto

embarkontheproject,said:""Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^（彭福街60號的額外護理經(jīng)理

WendyWilson是第一批參與該項目的人之一，她說：“居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待

這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣?？芍?，WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，也是做這個

項目的創(chuàng)始人之一，因此可知，畫線處embarkon意為“開始著手做某事”，與C項“Begin（開始）”含義相近。

故選C項。

3.（2022年新課標口卷C篇）

Thishithomefoim。asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.I

hadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures——aperfectmatchforhisage.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme,,meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimedia

tools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeifsnew.Forthem,ifsjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文“asIwassitting

withmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知,作者是記者,生活在一個講故事

的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這

在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選

Bo

4.（2022年全國甲卷C篇）

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingand

hersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge"underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一句"AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibeganto

traveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.（在奇切斯特大學獲得相關藝術學

位后，Ginni開始周游世界，最終在日本和智利找到了教英語的工作。廣可知，此處是指做有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情,

所以taketheplunge意為“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”。故選A。

5.（2022年全國乙卷）

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

29.Whatdoes"maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

【答案】c

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneuros

ayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間

派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施）“可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于"inspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施”，由止匕可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetter

protectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和C項：

Inspectionandrepair（檢修）含義相近。故選Co

6.（2022年浙江卷6月）

Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.

Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatovera

relaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.

28.Theunderlinedword“go-getter“inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho.

A.isgoodathandlingpressureB.workshardtobecomesuccessful

C.ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob.D.getsonwellwithhisco-workers

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)戈U線單詞下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealget

dirtylooksfromthecomeroffice.（而他那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目

光。戶可知，while前后是對比關系，那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事會得到別人不屑的目光，即被認為不

努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個努力工作以求成功的人，由此可

知，劃線單詞go-getter,指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。

7.（2021年全國乙卷）

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplansto

counterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsagofilm-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,

wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay^tchocolate^^intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithout

gettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointed

himself'"marketingdirectorfromNature”.Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandto

bemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorld

Network,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede“inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.

C.Remember.D.Remark.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline（在那些仍然有固定

電話的澳大利亞人中）”可知，這個調查的目標人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it'snotreally

necessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket——19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percent

keepitincaseofemergencies（固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障---19%的人表示他們從

未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況）”可知，很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有

的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調查中，他們應該是承認了固定電話的非

必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認”。故選A項。

8.（2021年新高考I卷）

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan

astonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartof

theseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly

ambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.

C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句"NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.^^

可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句與上一句形

成了轉折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破

壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A.Acquire獲得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破壞；D.Distribute

分配。故選C。

8.（2021年新高考II卷）

Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewere

asleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dsetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthe

morningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.

25.Whatdotheund