專題03 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文-5年（2020-2024）中考1年模擬英語真題分類匯編（河南專用）

PAGE1專題03閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文考點(diǎn)五年考情（2020-2024）語篇特點(diǎn)體裁上，以廣告信息類為主，主要包括啟事類應(yīng)用文、新聞?lì)悜?yīng)用文和識(shí)記類應(yīng)用文。題材上，主題圍繞“人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然”三大主題語境。常見的話題以介紹乘車信息、景點(diǎn)指南、賽事須知、設(shè)施功能、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、工作項(xiàng)目、演出介紹等為主，這些材料都與日常生活密切相關(guān)。選材上，幾乎都出自英美報(bào)刊及主流網(wǎng)站，內(nèi)容貼近生活。形式上，文章有標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、粗體、斜體，偶爾也有插圖、表格或獨(dú)立的圖片。另外，標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題及重要信息一般會(huì)加粗。語言上，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，字?jǐn)?shù)少而信息量大。里面有大量的地道表達(dá)，使用很多人名、地名和專有名詞，縮寫詞也比較多。命題特點(diǎn)命題形式，主要以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主。有的可以直接從原文中找到答案，有的是原文的同義替換?？疾榈亩际窃谡鎸?shí)情境中解決問題的能力。命題分布，一般設(shè)題數(shù)量和片段數(shù)量基本相當(dāng)，考點(diǎn)分布比較均勻。在比較長(zhǎng)的段落中有時(shí)會(huì)設(shè)置兩個(gè)題；考點(diǎn)還可能出現(xiàn)在特殊的地方；或文章主體段落以外的地方。提問形式，題干中多出現(xiàn)what，which，when，where，who，howlong，howmuch等疑問詞。設(shè)題特點(diǎn)，段首段尾處?？迹槐砀癯霈F(xiàn)處?？迹粫r(shí)間數(shù)字處?？?。解題策略第一步，題目中，確定定位詞語。人名、地名、專有名詞、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等容易辨別與掃讀出的信息優(yōu)先劃出。獨(dú)特的名詞優(yōu)先于獨(dú)特的動(dòng)詞，而獨(dú)特的動(dòng)詞優(yōu)先于獨(dú)特的形容詞、副詞。一般確定2-4個(gè)定位詞。第二步，文章中，選定目標(biāo)句子。根據(jù)定位詞找回原文，先讀當(dāng)句，再讀下句，最后讀上句，實(shí)在找不到，再到其它地方尋找。第三步，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)中，鎖定最佳選項(xiàng)。找出原文重現(xiàn)或與原文同義轉(zhuǎn)換的選項(xiàng)，簡(jiǎn)稱“一一對(duì)應(yīng)”。2024年Anoldsayingusedforforecasting(預(yù)測(cè))theweathersays,“Redskyatnight,sailors’delight.Redskyinthemorning,sailors(水手)takewarning.”Isthesayingtrue?Itturnsoutthatitis.Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.Forecastingtheweatherhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors.Theyusedsignsinnaturetoforecasttheweather.Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).Theyusescientificinstrumentstostudyweatherconditionsaroundtheworldandmakeforecasts.Pilots,farmersandmanyotherpeopledependontheseforecasts.Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.Ifyouarelookingforsomesignsoftheweather,payattentiontonature.Therearetwobasicrulesusedinweatherforecasting:Weathergenerallymovesfromwesttoeast,andlowairpressure(壓力)usuallymeansrainorsnow.Sopayattentiontothesigns.Ifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise,thesunisontheway.Smelltheflowers—theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair.Whataretheantsdoing?Aretheymovingtohigherground?Thiscouldmeanadropinairpressure.Arethebirdsflyingloworhigh?Fallingairpressuremayinfluencebirds’ears,sotheyflylow.Andiftheskyisredatsunset,youmightplanapicnicforthenextday!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。11.Whatistheoldsayingabout?A.Thebeautyofsunrise. B.Thenightsky.C.Thesignsoftheweather. D.Thesailors’work.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meteorologists”mean?A.ThepersonswhogivedailyweatherreportsonTV.B.Thepersonswhocarryoutresearchonnaturalhistory.C.Thepersonswhotakeaninterestinplantsandanimals.D.Thepersonswhodoscientificstudiesofweatherconditions.13.HowdoesthewriterdevelophisideainParagraph2?A.Bylistingthereasonsforterribleweather.B.Bytellingatruestoryaboutweatherforecasting.C.Byintroducingdifferentwaysofforecastingtheweather.D.Bymentioningthedifficultiesinforecastingtheweather.14.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.It’llbesunnyifantsmovetohigherplaces.B.Thesmellsofflowersarestrongerinwetair.C.Birdsflyhigherbecauseofthelowairpressure.DIt’llrainifrainbowsforminthewestatsunrise.15.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletogetclosetonature.B.Toexpresstheneedforweatherforecasting.C.Toexplainnaturecantellusabouttheweather.D.Todiscusshowimportantweatherforecastingis.【答案]11.C12.D13.C14.B15.C[解析]【導(dǎo)語]本文主要介紹利用自然界的跡象來預(yù)報(bào)天氣?！?1題詳解]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aredskyatsunsetmaymeanthatthereareclearskiestothewest,wherethesunsets.Aredskyatsunriseusuallymeansthattheclearweatherhasalreadypassed,sostormsmightbecoming.”可知，日落時(shí)的紅色天空可能意味著太陽落山的西方天空晴朗。日出時(shí)天空呈紅色通常意味著晴朗的天氣已經(jīng)過去，因此暴風(fēng)雨可能即將來臨。所以這句諺語是關(guān)于天氣的跡象，故選C。[12題詳解]詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Buttoday,meteorologistssendexactforecastsfurtherinadvance(提前).”可知，提前發(fā)布準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)報(bào)的應(yīng)該是氣象學(xué)家，故選D?！?3題詳解]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthe5thcenturyBC,theGreekssentoutforecaststosailors....Luckily,mostofuscansimplylookonthesmartphoneorturnontheTVtofindoutwhatkindofweatheriscoming.”可知，希臘人利用自然界的跡象來預(yù)報(bào)天氣，氣象學(xué)家使用科學(xué)儀器研究世界各地的天氣狀況并做出預(yù)測(cè)，也可以看一下智能手機(jī)或打開電視來了解天氣。所以作者在第二段通過介紹不同的天氣預(yù)報(bào)方法展開他的觀點(diǎn)，故選C?！?4題詳解]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Smelltheflowers--theirsmellsarestrongerinwetair."可知，聞聞花--它們的氣味在潮濕的空氣中更強(qiáng)烈。故選B。[15題詳解]主旨大意題。本文主要介紹利用自然界的跡象來預(yù)報(bào)天氣，是在解釋自然可以告訴我們天氣情況。故選C.2023年Energyistheabilitytodowork.SolarenergycomesfromtheSun.Thereisalsoenergythatcomesfromwindandwater.Butdoyouknowthatenergycancomefrompeople,too?Whenyoupedalabike,youproduceenergy.Youuseyourlegstopushthepedals.Yourenergyistransferred(轉(zhuǎn)移)tothebike.Thatmakesthebikemove.Nowimagineridingyourbiketocreateenoughpowertorunacomputer.Somestudentsatoneschooldidjustthat!Theyjumpedonbikesconnectedtogenerators(發(fā)電機(jī))andpedaledinplace.Soontheywereproducingelectricity.Thisenergyisneededtoruntheircomputers.Hereishowbicycle-poweredenergyworks.Whenastudentpedalsthebike,thebackwheel

spins.Thewheelspinsthegenerator.Thegeneratorproduceselectricity.Aslongasastudentpedalsthebicycle,electricitymovesthroughthegenerator.Theelectricitycanbeusedrightaway.Thisenergycanalsobestoredandusedlater.Peopleusebicycle-poweredenergytorunsmalldevices(設(shè)備)suchassmalltelevisionsandfans.Theyoftenuselessthan100wattsperhour.However,itwouldbeamistaketousepedalpowertorunafridge.Thislargemachineoftenusesmorethan700wattsperhour.Theelectricityforthesemachinescomesfrompowerlinesoverheadorunderground.Pedalpowercanbeseeninschools,gyms,andhomes.Whatafunwaytoprovideelectricity!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。31.Howdoesthewriterleadintothetopic“bicycle-poweredenergy”inParagraph2?A.Byaskingaquestion.

B.Bytellingajoke.C.Byusinganoldsaying.

D.Bymakingasurvey.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spins”meaninthetext?A.Fallsdownsuddenly.

B.Breaksupcompletely.C.Movesupanddownslowly.

D.Turnsroundandroundquickly.33.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thefutureofnewenergy.

B.Theformsofworld’senergy.C.Usingbicycle-poweredenergy.

D.Producingbicycle-poweredenergy.34.Whatdoweknowaboutbicycle-poweredenergy?A.Itcan’tbeseeninschools.

B.Itcomesfromwindandwater.C.Itcanbestoredandusedlater.

D.It’sfrompowerlinesoverhead.35.Inwhichunitofatextbookcanthetextbefound?A.Unit1FriendsForever

B.Unit2DreamoftheStarsC.Unit3TheValueofMoney

D.Unit4TheWorldofScience31.A寫作技巧題。文章首段介紹了來源于太陽的太陽能和來源于風(fēng)和水的能源，第二段首句“Butdoyouknowthatenergycancomefrompeople,too?”承上啟下，通過一個(gè)問題引出能源還能來自人類，接下來便介紹了人踩踏自行車發(fā)電的現(xiàn)象，故選A。32.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Whenastudent

pedalsthebike”再結(jié)合常識(shí)我們不難猜測(cè)，當(dāng)學(xué)生踩踏自行車的時(shí)候，后輪會(huì)快速旋轉(zhuǎn)，故選D。33.C段意歸納題。通讀第五段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了自行車發(fā)的電主要用于小的設(shè)備，如小型電視機(jī)和風(fēng)扇，而不能用于冰箱等大型設(shè)備。由此可知本段主要介紹自行車發(fā)的電的利用方法。故選C。34.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The

electricitycanbeusedrightaway.Thisenergycanalsobestored

andusedlater.”可知選C。35.D推理判斷題。本文介紹了利用自行車發(fā)電的現(xiàn)象，最可能選自科學(xué)世界，故選D。2022年There’snothingquitelikefallingsoundasleepafterafulldayofwork.Likepeople,animalsneedtorestafterworkinghard.Someanimalssleepinwater.Othersdighoesundertheground.Someevensleephighintreesorunderleaves.Buttheyallfindawaytorest.Someanimalsintheseasleepinstrangeways.Fishsleepwiththeireyesopen.Theyseemtolookaheadfarintotheseawhiletheyrest.Seaotterssometimessleepinbedsoftheplantsthatgrowinthesea.Thiskeepsthemfrommovingaway.Parrotfishblowsomethingfromtheirmouthswhentheyarereadytosleep.Thenabubble(氣泡)willbeformedaroundthem.Thebubbleprotectsthemfromharmwhiletheysleep.Someanimalssleepundertheground.Chipmunks(花栗鼠)sleepcurledup(蜷縮)inaball.Theirbedsaremadeofleavesandgrass.Inwinter,theysleepfortwoweeksandwakeuptoeatthestoredfood.Thentheygobacktosleepforanothertwoweeksbeforewakingupagain.Somedesertfrogsdigundergroundholesduringthehot,dryseason.Afrogmaystayinitsholeformonths.Highabovetheground,monkeysfindleafyplacesintreeseacheveningbeforetheysleep.Thetalltreeshelptokeepmonkeyssafeduringthenight.Someinsectsevensleepundertheleafthatwillbetheirnextmeal.Abeemayclimbdownintoaflowertorest.Whenitclimbsoutthenextmorning,itisrestedandreadyforwork.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。11.Whatanimalsblowbubbleswhentheysleep?A.Seaotters.

B.Monkeys.

C.Desertfrogs.

D.Parrotfish.12.Whatdoweknowaboutchipmunksaccordingtothetext?A.Theyrestwiththeireyesopen.B.Theyneversleepcurledupinaball.C.Theywakeupnowandtheninwinter.D.Theydon’teatanyfoodduringthewinter.13

Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theforestwheremonkeyssleepsafely.B.Theanimalsthatsleepabovetheground.C.Thereasonwhybeesclimbdownintoflowers.D.Thewaysthatkeepanimalsawayfromdanger.14.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?(P-Paragraph)A.

B.

C.

D.

15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whereanimalslive?

B.Whyanimalsmove?C.Howanimalssleep?

D.Whatanimalsfeedon?【分析]這篇短文主要講述了不同的動(dòng)物的睡眠方式，有些動(dòng)物在水里睡覺，有些動(dòng)物在地下挖洞，有些動(dòng)物甚至睡在高高的樹上或樹葉下?！窘獯餧(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Parrotfishblowsomethingfromtheirmouthswhentheyarereadytosleep.Thenabubblewillbeformedaroundthem.(鸚嘴魚準(zhǔn)備睡覺時(shí)，會(huì)用嘴吹東西。然后在它們周圍形成一個(gè)氣泡。)可知，鸚嘴魚睡覺時(shí)吹泡泡。故選D。(2)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題題。根據(jù)Inwinter,theysleepfortwoweeksandwakeuptoeatthestoredfood.(在冬天，它們要睡上兩個(gè)星期，然后醒來吃儲(chǔ)存的食物。)可知，花栗鼠在冬天并不是一直冬眠，偶爾會(huì)想來，因此選項(xiàng)C(它們時(shí)不時(shí)地醒來。)是正確的。故選C。(3)段落大意題。根據(jù)Highabovetheground(在地面之上)以及猴子、昆蟲和蜜蜂等例子可知，這一段講述了的是睡在地上的動(dòng)物。故選B。(4)文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文，可知第一段引出動(dòng)物們有各種各樣的睡眠方式，是總括段。第二段講述了海里的一些動(dòng)物，第三段講述了睡在地下的動(dòng)物，第四段講述了睡在地上的動(dòng)物，因此本文是總分的關(guān)系。故選A。(5)最佳題目題。通讀全文，可知這篇短文講述了不同的動(dòng)物的睡眠方式，有些動(dòng)物在水里睡覺，有些動(dòng)物在地下挖洞，有些動(dòng)物甚至睡在高高的樹上或樹葉下。因此，選項(xiàng)C(動(dòng)物是怎樣睡覺的)是最佳的題目。故選C。2021年Everylivingthingneedstoreproduce.Reproducingmeanscreatingmoremembersofyourgroup.Inorderforplantstoreproduce,theyhavetospreadtheirseeds(種子)tootherareas.Plantshavedevelopedallkindsofwaystodothis.Thesimplestwayis

gravity.Manyseedsareinsideoffruit.Whenapieceoffruitgetstooheavy,itfallsfromatreetotheground.Sometimesanimalswillpickupthefruitanddropitinanotherarea.Thathelpsmovetheseedevenfartheraway.Applesspreadthisway.Otherplantsusewindtospreadtheirseeds.Dandelionsareagoodexampleofthis.Dandelionseedsaresolightthatwhenwindblows,itcarriesdandelionseedstonewplaces.Maple(楓樹)seedsalsousewind.Theirseedsareconnectedwithlong,thinleavesthatlooklikewings.Whentheseedfallsfromthetree,its“wings”helpitflyfartherfromthetree.Someanimalshelpplantsspreadtheirseeds.Theanimalseattheseeds.Whiletheseedisintheanimal’sbody,itstayswhole.Whentheseedleavestheanimal,it’sinanewplace.Antsalsohelpspreadseeds.Someseedshaveaspecialsmellthatattractsants.Theantsbringtheseedsbacktotheirhome,whichofcourseisunderground.Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed.Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground.Afterthat,theseedcanstartgrowing.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。11.

Whatdoestheword“gravity”meaninthesecondparagraph？A.

Theactionthatmakesanimalsdropseeds.B.

Thehelpthatmovesseedsevenfartheraway.C.

Theneedthatcomesfromanimalsandplants.D.

Theforcethatcausesfruittofalltotheground.12.

Howdomaplesspreadtheirseeds?A.

Theyuseants.

B.

Theyusewind.C.

Theyusesmells.

D.

Theyuseanimals.13.

Whatdoantsdotohelpspreadseeds?a.Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed.b.Theyhelpseedsfallfromthetree.c.Theycarryseedstotheundergroundhome.d.Theypickupthefruitandmoveitfaraway.e.Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground.A.

b,d,e

B.

a,b,d

C.

a,c,e

D.

b,c,d14.

Whatisthetheme(主題

)ofthetext?A.

Nature.

B.

Culture.

C.

Education.

D.

Technology.15.

What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.

HowPlantsSpreadSeeds?

B.

WhyAnimalsPickUpSeeds?C.

HowWindHelpsSeedsSpread?

D.

WhySeedsHaveaSpecialTrip?【答案】11.D

12.B

13.C

14.A

15.A【解析】【分析】本文主要介紹了植物傳播種子的方式?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Whenapieceoffruitgetstooheavy,itfallsfromatreetotheground”可知，植物最簡(jiǎn)單的傳播方式就是當(dāng)果實(shí)過于沉重時(shí)，從樹上掉到地上的這種力量幫助植物傳播種子，故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Maple(楓樹)seedsalsousewind”可知，楓樹用風(fēng)來傳播種子，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theantsbringtheseedsbacktotheirhome,whichofcourseisunderground”“Theyonlyeatpartoftheseed”及“Theyleavetherestoftheseedunderground”可知，螞蟻幫助傳播種子的方式是：螞蟻把種子帶回它們地下的家；它們只吃一部分種子；它們把剩下的種子留在地下，故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要講述了大自然中植物傳播種子的方式，故選A?！?5題詳解】最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Plantshavedevelopedallkindsofwaystodothis”及全文的內(nèi)容，可知，本文主要介紹了植物傳播種子的方式，所以A選項(xiàng)“植物如何傳播種子”符合本文標(biāo)題，故選A。2020年Cait,11,wastryingtofallasleepwhenher8-year-oldbrother,Doug,cameintoherroom.Helookedaround,butseemedreally

outofit.ThenDougwentbackintothehallwayandstoodtherelookingstraightupatthelight.Thiswasreallystrange.Caitdidn’tknowwhattodo.Justthen,Cait’sfatherappearedandexplainedDougwassleepwalking.

Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleepbutapersonisn’tphysicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Itusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepintheperiodcalleddeepsleep.

Thetruthisthatnotallsleepwalkerswalk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey’reawakewhen,infact,they’reasleep!Most,however,dogetupandwalkaroundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.

Sleepwalkers’eyesareopen,buttheydon’tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey’reawake.Theytendtogobacktobedontheirownandwon’trememberitinthemorning.

Youalsomighthaveheardthatsleepwalkerscangetfrightenedifyouwakethemup.That’strue,sowhatdoyoudoifyouseesomeonesleepwalking?Youshouldcallforagrown-upwhocanleadthepersonbacktobed.Andoncethesleepwalkeristuckedbackinbed,it’stimeforyoutogetsomesleep,too!11.Whatdoes“outofit”mostprobablymeaninChinese?A.茫然不覺B.心滿意足C.垂頭喪氣D.悠然自得12.Whendoessleepwalkingusuallyhappen?A.Duringactivesleep.B.Inthefirstfewhoursofsleep.C.Whendreamsbegin.D.Whenwe'retryingtofallasleep.13.Whichparagraphstellwhatsleepwalkersdo?A.①②B.②③C.③④D.④⑤14.Whatshouldwedoifweseepeoplesleepwalking?A.Wakethemup.B.Walkaroundwiththem.C.Donothingandgetyourownsleep.D.Askgrown-upstoleadthemtobed.15.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?A.Teachers.B.Doctors.C.Parents.D.Children.【答案】11.A

12.B

13.C

14.D

15.D【解析】文章講述了晚上夢(mèng)游的事情，同時(shí)指出了夢(mèng)游發(fā)生的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)，如果遇到夢(mèng)游的人，要找一個(gè)成年人帶夢(mèng)游的人回去睡覺。【11題詳解】詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文中“Cait’sfatherappearedandexplainedDougwassleepwalking.Sleepwalkers’eyesareopen,buttheydon’tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey’reawake.”可知，道格正在夢(mèng)游，夢(mèng)游者的眼睛是睜開的，但與他們醒著的時(shí)候看東西的方式不同，所以雖然道格環(huán)顧四周，但是他畢竟是在夢(mèng)游，此處劃線部分outofit的意思是“茫然不覺”，表示“他看東西的方式和醒著的時(shí)候不一樣”。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepintheperiodcalleddeepsleep.”可知，夢(mèng)游通常發(fā)生在睡眠的最初幾個(gè)小時(shí)。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey’reawakewhen,infact,they’reasleep!Most,however,dogetupandwalkaroundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.”和第四段中“Sleepwalkers’eyesareopen,buttheydon’tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey’reawake.”可知，這兩段介紹了夢(mèng)游者會(huì)做什么，有些人只是坐起來，或者站在床上，或者表現(xiàn)得好像他們是醒著的，大多數(shù)人都會(huì)站起來走動(dòng)幾秒鐘，或者長(zhǎng)達(dá)半個(gè)小時(shí)。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Youshouldcallforagrown-upwhocanleadthepersonbacktobed.”可知，如果你看到有人在夢(mèng)游，你應(yīng)該找個(gè)成年人帶他回去睡覺。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中,作者提到的如何應(yīng)對(duì)夢(mèng)游“Youshouldcallforagrown-upwhocanleadthepersonbacktobed.”你應(yīng)該找一個(gè)成年人把夢(mèng)游的人領(lǐng)回到床上，因此可知這里的“you”指的是孩子，因?yàn)樾枰乙粋€(gè)成年人，所以這篇文章是給孩子們寫的。故選D。2024年河南省駐馬店驛城區(qū)中考二模Inrecentyears,manyschoolsinChinahavehadahigh-techmakeover(改革).Theyhaveturnedfromusing“old-school"multimedia(多媒體)toolstoAIandbigdatatoaddvaluetostudentlearningandlifeoncampus(校園).AttheTianjinEco-CitySchoolAffiliated成忠NormalUniversity,theChinesetechcompanyiFlytek'ssmartcampussystem(系統(tǒng))makeslearningafunexperience.Intheaerospace(航天)classes,studentsuseVRglassestolearnaboutwhat'sinsidearocketandhowitislaunched(發(fā)射)inacomputergame.Also,inswimmingclasses,“bywearingsmartearphones,childrencangetreal-timeinstructions(指令)fromthecoachunderthewater.Thismakestrainingsafer,"LiRui,theschool'svice-principal,toldCCTV.ForP.E.classes,YuwenSchoolinWuhu,Anhui,hasusedself-testingtoolswithAIvisualanalysis(視覺分析)technologyforactivitiessuchasstandinglongjump,sit-upsandshotput(推鉛球).Withfacialrecognitiontechnology,studentscangetvoicereportsandresultsonhowtheydidrightaftereachexercise.“Before,whenIthrewtheshotput,theteacherhadtousearulertomeasurehowfaritwent.Now,theresultsjustshowupontheirown.Youcanalsoseewhichpartsofyourexerciseneedimprovement,"WuShengguofromtheschooltoldDajiangEveningNews.Apartfromlearning,studentscanalsoenjoymealsmadebysmartcanteens(食堂).InJune,YingkouNo.1MiddleSchoolinLiaoningintroducedasmartcanteenwithan“onlinemealselection_andfacialrecognitionmealpickupsystem.Tomeetthedifferentneedsofstudents,thecanteenoffersover.400dishes,withsixtosevenchoicesforeachmeal.Parentsandstudentscanchoosemealsinadvance(提前)fromtheonlineplatform(平臺(tái)).Andtheyusefacialrecognitiontechnologytopickuptheirmeal.Ithelpstheschoolplanandpreparemeals,cuttingdownonfoodandkitchenwaste.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。31.Whichoftheseareusedintheaerospaceclasses?A.Amodelrocket. B.VRglasses. C.Smartphones. D.Earphones. 32.Howdostudentsfeelabouttheswimmingclasses?A.It'slikestudyingintheclassroominreal.time.B.Theycan'theartheinstructionsclearly.C.Thetrainingprocessismuchsafer.D.Theyfindithardtostayunderwaterforlong.33.HowcanfacialrecognitiontechnologyhelpstudentswiththeirP.E.classes?A.Studentscanlearnhowtoimprovetheirexercisefromit.B.Itcancheckwhetherthestudentisusingaself-testingtool.C.Itprovidesmoreinformationforbetterhealthchoices.D.It'susedtomeasuretheballs'weight.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“selection"inParagraph5meaninChinese?A.發(fā)現(xiàn) B.購(gòu)買 C.選擇 D.付賬 35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thebirthofglobalvillage.B.TheimprovementoftechnologyinChina.C.Newtechnologyusedinschools.D.Studentcomfortineverydayschoollife.[主旨大意]本文通過列舉高校高科技改革的多個(gè)例子，表明中國(guó)的許多學(xué)校正在從使用“老派的”工具轉(zhuǎn)為人工智能和大數(shù)據(jù)，為學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)校生活增加價(jià)值。31.B【解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Intheaerospace(航天)classes,studentsuseVRglassestolearnaboutwhat'sinsidearocket..”可知,在航天課堂上,學(xué)生們使用VR眼鏡了解火箭內(nèi)部的情況……這說明在航天課堂上學(xué)生會(huì)用VR眼鏡。故選B。32.C【解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“..inswimmingclasses,‘bywearingsmartearphones,childrencangetreal-timeinstructions(指令)fromthecoachunderthewater.Thismakestrainingsafer”可知，在游泳課上，通過佩戴智能耳機(jī)，孩子們可以獲得水下教練的實(shí)時(shí)指令，這使訓(xùn)練更加安全。由此可知，在游泳課上，學(xué)生們會(huì)覺得訓(xùn)練課程比較安全。故選C。33.A【解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ForP.E.classes......Withfacialrecognitiontechnology,studentscangetvoicereportsandresultsonhowtheydidrightaftereachexercise”和第四段中的“Youcanalsoseewhichpartsofyourexerciseneedimprovement”可知,在體育課時(shí)，通過面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)，學(xué)生們能夠知道怎樣去改進(jìn)他們的鍛煉。故選A。34.C【解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。通讀第五段內(nèi)容可知，主要講的是使用智能食堂的方法，也就是說怎樣在網(wǎng)上選擇飯菜，因此selection意思為“選擇”。故選C。35.C【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文中通過列舉多個(gè)例子，表明中國(guó)的許多學(xué)校都進(jìn)行了高科技改造，使學(xué)生的學(xué)校生活更輕松。因此可以概括為學(xué)校使用的新技術(shù)。故選C。2024年河南省十二縣一區(qū)中考二模Haveyoueverbeeninabadsituation?Howwouldyoufeelinthissituation?Infact,every-onehastogothroughsadness.Ifsomeonearoundislisteningtoyouandcomfortingyou,Ibelieveyouwillfeelmuchbetter.Now,imaginethatarobotcomestoyouandpats(輕拍)youontheshoulderwithitshandwhenyoufeelsad.Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?Scientistsrecentlydidresearchonrobottouch.Theyfoundthatjustlikehumantouch,atouchfromarobotcanalsohelppeoplefeelbetter.Thehandsofrobotsaresoft,andtheydonotgivepeoplethemetallicmechanical(金屬機(jī)械)feeling.Sowhencomfortisneeded,perhapsrobotswillbeagoodchoice.Thestudyasked48studentstotalkwitharobot.Therobotgavethemadviceonwhatcoursestochooseinschool.Attheendofthechat,therobotwouldeitherpatastudent'shandthreetimesorsimplymoveitshandtowardstudentsintheothergroup.Interestingly,whilemoststudentssmiledorevenlaughedatthismovementatfirst,noneofthempulledaway.Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,thestudentswhowerepattedfelthappier.Theyalsoshowedmoreinter-estinthecoursessuggestedbytherobot.Thisresearchshowsthatthetouchoftherobotcanreallyhelphumans,especiallythosewholivealone.Thesepeopleneedsomeonewhocanaccompany(陪伴)themortalktothem.Be-sides,itwillbegoodfortheirmental(精神)andphysicalhealth.Sothetechnologywillbehelpful.Itcanpersuade(說服)humanbeingstomakesomedecisions.Forexample,theycanpersuadepatientstodomoreexercise.Thefindingwillhelpscientiststodevelopbetterrobotsinthefuture.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。31.Whydoesthewriterbeginthetextbyaskingquestions?A.Toexplainafact. B.Toexpressagreement. C.Togiveopinions. D.Tocatchreaders'interest.32.AccordingtoParagraph2，whycanthetouchofarobotmakepeoplefeelbetter?A.Becausepeoplelikerobots.B.Becauserobotsneverfeeltired.C.Becausethehandsofrobotsaremadesoft.D.Becauserobotscangivepeoplethemetallicmechanicalfeeling.33.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatdidn'ttherobotdo?A.Ittalkedwithstudents. B.Itgavestudentsadvice. C.Itpattedstudents'hands.D.Itsmiledorlaughedatstudents. 34.Whoisthetouchoftherobotespeciallyhelpfulto?A.anoutgoingboywhohaslotsoffriendsB.anoldmanwholivesaloneC.ayounggirlwhoisalwayshappyD.awomanwholikestohelpothers35.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans. B.Robotscanmakeusfeelbetterbytouching. C.Robotscandosomethingbadforpeople.D.Robotsareclevererthanhumans.【語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了機(jī)器人的觸摸能夠幫助人類，對(duì)人類的身心健康有好處。31.D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Haveyoueverbeeninabadsituation?Howwouldyoufeelinthiscase?Infact,everyonehastogothroughsadness.Ifsomeonearoundislisteningtoyouandcomfortingyou,Ibelieveyouwillfeelmuchbetter.Now,imaginethatarobotcomestoyouandpatsyouontheshoulderwithitshandwhenyoufeelsad.Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?”可知,文章首段提出了幾個(gè)與人們息息相關(guān)的問題，由此可猜測(cè)，這些問題是為了引起讀者的閱讀興趣。故選D。32.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thehandsofrobotsaresoft,andtheydonotgivepeoplethemetallicmechanicalfeeling.”可知,機(jī)器人的手很柔軟，可以像人手一樣撫慰他人。故選C。33.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thestudyasked48studentstotalkwitharobot.Therobotgavethemadviceonwhatcoursestochooseinschool.Attheendofthechat，therobotwouldeitherpatastudent'shandthreetimesorsimplymoveitshandtowardstudentsintheothergroup.”可知,機(jī)器人和學(xué)生們交談,給予學(xué)生建議,并拍了學(xué)生的手。故選D。34.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisresearchshowsthatthetouchoftherobotcanreallyhelphumans,especiallythosewholivealone.”可知,研究表示,機(jī)器人的觸摸對(duì)獨(dú)居的人很有幫助。故選B。35.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Scientistsrecentlydidresearchonrobottouch.Theyfoundthatjustlikehumantouch,atouchfromarobotcanalsohelppeoplefeelbetter.”可知,本文主要介紹了機(jī)器人的觸摸能夠幫助人類，對(duì)人類的身心健康有益。故選B。2024年河南省安陽一模Onceyoubegintoeatpotatochips,youmaykeepeatinguntilthebagisempty.Haveyoueverexperiencedthis?Whycan'tyoustopeatingthesesaltychips?Scientistssaiditisbecauseofakindofneuron(神經(jīng)元).ScientistsattheBethIsraelMedicalCenterinBostonhavefoundthatsomeneuronscanmakeuswanttoeatsalt.Theneuronstakenoteofwhetherourbodiesneedsodium(鈉),amainpartofsalt.Then,theysendsignals(信號(hào))toourbraintoencourageustoeatmoresalt.Howdotheseneuronswork?Scientistsdidtestsonmice.Theyfoundthatwhenmiceneedsodium,theirbodygivesoffakindofhormone(荷爾蒙).Itthenmakes