2024年高考英語(yǔ)必考點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測(cè)題精講深剖含解析

PAGEPAGE1專(zhuān)題16閱讀理解之細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題和詞義揣測(cè)題——精講深剖真題速遞真題速遞（2024全國(guó)I卷A）NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū)).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.本文為應(yīng)用文。本文敘述了省政府及其合作伙伴供應(yīng)了很多項(xiàng)目來(lái)幫助學(xué)生暑期在找到工作。21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SummerCompany部分中的“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto＄3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“SummerCompany為學(xué)生供應(yīng)高達(dá)3000美元的嘉獎(jiǎng)，來(lái)起先和經(jīng)營(yíng)他們自己的暑期業(yè)務(wù)”?！皊tartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“為開(kāi)辦新的業(yè)務(wù)”，這對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的“runningnewbusinesses”，二者是詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系。故選B。22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中的其次段“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合條件的學(xué)生：16歲或17歲的學(xué)生，但在今年12月31日之前未滿(mǎn)18歲”。由此得出，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目要求年齡在16-17歲之間。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的最終一段最終一句“Whoiseligible:...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些職位是給殘疾人的。分析選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。（2024全國(guó)I卷B）ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”本文屬于記敘文，講解并描述ThomasWhaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)以及樹(shù)立信念特地開(kāi)展了一個(gè)演講課程。24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段todayisspeechday和本段最終一句withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidswhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.以及其次段第一句Buthe’snervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，好像是那種喜愛(ài)公共演講的孩子，但是他卻很驚慌，故可知Chris是因?yàn)樽鲅葜v驚慌，故選B。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.【答案】A【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.以及后文exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知,Chris發(fā)ld比較困難，這對(duì)于英語(yǔ)不是母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)困難，總體來(lái)說(shuō)Chris做得稀奇的好。依據(jù)前文可知，ld發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，因此有些結(jié)巴，停頓得不準(zhǔn)，故選A。（2024全國(guó)II卷B）“Youcanusemeasalastresort(選擇),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社區(qū))asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中講解并描述了作者勝利勸服了一個(gè)家長(zhǎng)參與志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)，作為一名志愿者作者發(fā)揮了自己的作用，并獲得了歡樂(lè)。25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【答案】B【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)劃線前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句話ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...可知，作者為了勸服這位家長(zhǎng)，舉了兩個(gè)例子。故可知，劃線句此處應(yīng)是“煽情”之意。故選B。26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中這位家長(zhǎng)作出的貢獻(xiàn)及thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam可知，她最終成為了志愿者隊(duì)伍中的重要的一員，也即是說(shuō)，她成了一個(gè)好幫手。故選D。27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問(wèn)作者為什么喜愛(ài)做志愿者工作。依據(jù)第四最兩句Connectingtothecommunity（社區(qū)）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.可知，為社區(qū)做貢獻(xiàn)可以帶來(lái)真正的歡樂(lè)，參與志愿者活動(dòng)活動(dòng)能讓人感覺(jué)歡樂(lè)。故選B。（2024全國(guó)III卷B）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來(lái)源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(時(shí)尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要講了中國(guó)文化對(duì)世界時(shí)尚屆的影響，中國(guó)年輕的設(shè)計(jì)師和模特如何最終在很多方面被認(rèn)可。中國(guó)成了世界時(shí)尚的風(fēng)向標(biāo)。24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.（此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對(duì)中國(guó)影響的深厚愛(ài)好。）由此可知，紐約的展覽吸引了很多參觀者，故選B。25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.（中國(guó)模特是向全世界女性推銷(xiāo)幻想的美和時(shí)尚活動(dòng)的代言人，這意味著中國(guó)女性不僅僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者——她們是這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心。）由此可知，Hill說(shuō)中國(guó)女性開(kāi)創(chuàng)了新時(shí)尚，故選A。26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst【答案】D【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales說(shuō)并在設(shè)計(jì)和銷(xiāo)售上擊敗他們。由此推斷出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在與Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。takingon意思是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故選D?？季V解讀考綱解讀對(duì)于細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，考綱要求考生既能理解詳細(xì)的事實(shí)，也能理解抽象的概念，且能理解文中某句、某段的意義。因此對(duì)此類(lèi)型的試題，考生一般可以干脆從文章中找出答案。詞義揣測(cè)題著重考查考生依據(jù)上下文揣測(cè)詞義的實(shí)力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過(guò)程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還須要依靠常識(shí)和閱歷來(lái)揣測(cè)詞義?？疾榉秶婕皢卧~意義理解、短語(yǔ)意義理解、句子意義理解或代詞指代對(duì)象的確定等?？键c(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講一細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題㈠細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中干脆找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：1．特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。2．推斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue/false或EXCEPT等的推斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要留意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”開(kāi)頭的提問(wèn)形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom__________.此類(lèi)題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔，只要考生仔細(xì)并且細(xì)心，得分就會(huì)比較簡(jiǎn)潔。㈡細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的特征1．同義替換。對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有時(shí)候詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)有所變更。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成ofimportance；變更原文中句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2．語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的困難語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。3．正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)?！痉椒记伞?.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題無(wú)論以怎樣的方式提問(wèn)，考生都要記住一個(gè)解題原則——“本本主義”，一切從原文動(dòng)身，無(wú)需讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結(jié)、分析推理，正確答案就對(duì)應(yīng)原文的某一處詳細(xì)信息。第一步審讀題干和選項(xiàng)，回到原文定信息區(qū)間通過(guò)題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞找到定位點(diǎn)，起先精讀文章直到下一題的定位區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。只有兩種狀況須要向上找尋信息：定位到的信息為數(shù)字串，或舉例說(shuō)明部分；出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞(therefore,so,asaresult)或代詞(that,these,it)。其次步將選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)比，求同排異定答案利用“同義原則”，找出原文中與正確選項(xiàng)匹配的同義詞組，將原文出現(xiàn)的信息和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)，確定正確選項(xiàng)。做任何閱讀理解題都不是找感覺(jué)，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時(shí)找出的同義詞組越多，答案就越精確，這是解答細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題的基本方法?！究碱}印證】(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ，A)Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛會(huì))willbetheNationalTheatreofChina'sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany'sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardⅢwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.Date&Time：Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.ThisnewproductionofAsYouLikeItishelmed(指導(dǎo))bythecompany'sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time：Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheatreLondonIBritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了全球的藝術(shù)家將聚集到一起用他們自己的語(yǔ)言表演莎士比亞的戲劇的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1.WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina？A．RichardⅢ. B．Love'sLabour'sLost.C．AsYouLikeIt. D．TheMerchantofVenice.【答案】A【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干中的“theNationalTheatreofChina”可將答案定位于NationalTheatreofChina部分中的“Shakespeare'sRichardⅢ”，故選A項(xiàng)。2.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre？________A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.【答案】A【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)DeafinitelyTheatre部分中的“BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedy”可知DeafinitelyTheatre的特殊之處就是運(yùn)用BSL表演喜劇，創(chuàng)建出了一種對(duì)莎士比亞喜劇的新的詮釋。故C項(xiàng)正確。3.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew？________A．OnSaturday28April. B．OnSunday29April.C．OnTuesday22May. D．OnTuesday29May.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干中的“Hebrew”可將該題答案定位在最終一部分中。依據(jù)最終一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm”可知，故選D項(xiàng)。(2024·北京，B)Inspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,aPassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.文章大意：這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TOKNOW雜志的內(nèi)容、訂購(gòu)價(jià)格和退訂等方面的信息。8.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine？________A．Itentertainsyoungparents.B．Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C．Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D．Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的“auniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth”可知，TOKNOW雜志的特殊之處在于它將趣味性與有挑戰(zhàn)性的、困難的概念結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D。9.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders？________A．Onlinecourses.B．Articlesonnewtopics.C．Lecturesonabalancedlife.D．Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.【答案】B【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)Whatinside？部分中的“Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles，experimentsandcreativethingstomake”可知TOKNOW刊登關(guān)于新話題的文章。個(gè)B項(xiàng)正確。10.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12－monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina.________A．￡55. B．￡60.C．￡65. D．￡70.【答案】D【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack部分中的“RestofWorld￡70”可知，在中國(guó)按年訂購(gòu)有禮包的TOKNOW雜志須要￡70。故選D。11.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget________.A．freebirthdaypresentsB．fullrefundwithin28daysC．membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD．chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】B【解析】考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文中的“RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.”可知，28天之內(nèi)退訂的訂購(gòu)者可以或得全額退款。故B正確。二．詞義揣測(cè)題【題型特點(diǎn)】詞義揣測(cè)題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthe...?(2)Theword“...”probablyrefersto...其中均含有wordorunderlinedword。2．(1)Theterm/sentencein...canbereplacedby...(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?【方法技巧】“一原則”、“二關(guān)注”速解詞義揣測(cè)題一原則結(jié)合上下文詞義揣測(cè)題所提問(wèn)的單詞、詞組或句子一般都是考生不相識(shí)的，即使相識(shí)，正確答案也未必是熟識(shí)的含義。這種題目目的就是希望考生能結(jié)合上下文，來(lái)理解不相識(shí)的單詞、詞組或句子。二關(guān)注關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折部分這是做詞義揣測(cè)題的一大利器。因?yàn)橛刹⒘修D(zhuǎn)折連接的兩部分會(huì)存在語(yǔ)義含義和成分的對(duì)應(yīng)。所以假如有一個(gè)單詞不相識(shí)，就可以在與其并列或轉(zhuǎn)折部分的信息中找對(duì)應(yīng)信息。關(guān)注說(shuō)明說(shuō)明部分分析試題可以發(fā)覺(jué)，其實(shí)出題者在出一些詞義揣測(cè)題的時(shí)候也是動(dòng)了惻隱之心的。會(huì)在晦澀難懂的信息旁邊存在一個(gè)說(shuō)明說(shuō)明部分，說(shuō)明說(shuō)明部分的標(biāo)記有逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、雙引號(hào)等?！究碱}印證】(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ，D)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,__the_tables_are_turned__.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3？A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.【答案】A【解析】考查句意理解。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”可知，正吃午餐的攻擊者變成了午餐，也就是攻擊者也被攻擊了。故A項(xiàng)正確。（2024全國(guó)I卷）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modem.【答案】C【解析】揣測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)正在替代其他語(yǔ)言。由此推知dominantlanguages意為：強(qiáng)有力的語(yǔ)言。故選C。模擬訓(xùn)練模擬訓(xùn)練A（湖南省2025屆高三六校聯(lián)考試題）WHO’SWHOINTHEZOO?IsitamazingthattheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOmakesitfunforyoungchildrentosave?WiththehelpofStandardBank’sKidzAPPandtheBigFiveanimalfriends,teachingyourchildrenaboutmanagingtheircashhasneverbeenmorefun.LettheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOshowyourlittleoneswhatitmeanstoearnandsavemoneyaswellasshareintheenjoymentofspendingtheirwell－earnedcash.ElephantAsyourchildrenusethemobileapptocompletevariousactions—achievingsavingsgoals,completingmissionsandachievingwishes—herevariousmedalswillberewarded.Earnedmedalsaredisplayedintheelephanthabitataswellaslockedmedalsstilltobeachieved.LeopardRewardyourkidswithpocketmoneyforcompleting‘missions’：householdchores,achievements,etc.Youcancreateamissionforyourchild,oryourchildcanrequestanewmission.Oncecreated,itmustbeaccepted.Themissionneedstobecompletedbyyourchildandapprovedbyyoubeforeyoucanpayhimorher.LionHelpyourchildrencreateandfulfilwishes.Wishcardsandtheirsavingsprogresscanbetrackedfromyourbankingapp.Oncetheirsavingsgoalisreached,lionwillinformyouoftheirachievement.BuffaloKidzcanrequesttowithdrawcashorpurchaseairtimeanddatausingtheirsavings.RhinoRhinoshowsyourchild’slatestaccountbalanceandtransactions.DownloadtheStandardBank’sKidzAPPfromAppleAppStoreonthephone.UsethecommentsectiontointeractwithotherStandardBankcustomersandbankconsultants.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為應(yīng)用文，介紹了一款兒童理財(cái)網(wǎng)銀APP的功能及運(yùn)用說(shuō)明。1.WhatistheWHO’SWHOINTHEZOOdesignedfor?A.Playersofboardgames.B.Travelersinthezoo.C.Parentsforonlinebanking.D.Kidsforself－servicebanking.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段LettheWHO'SWHOINTHEZOOshowyourlittleoneswhatitmeanstoearnandsavemoneyaswellasshareintheenjoymentofspendingtheirwell－earnedcash.可知WHO'SWHOINTHEZOO專(zhuān)為兒童理財(cái)而設(shè)計(jì)。2.Rewardswillbepaidif________．A.youkeeptheaccountbalancedB.yourkidsgetenoughlockedmedalsC.thekidsfulfilyourcreatedmissionsD.youapprovetherequestviaKidzAPP【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Leopard中的Rewardyourkidswithpocketmoneyforcompleting‘missions’：householdchores,achievements,etc.可知。3.Whichofthefollowinganimalsisrelatedtospending?A.Rhino.B.Buffalo.C.Lion.D.Leopard.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。兒童理財(cái)?shù)腁PP中5種動(dòng)物對(duì)應(yīng)5項(xiàng)銀行業(yè)務(wù)，依據(jù)Buffalo中的Kidzcanrequesttowithdrawcashorpurchaseairtimeanddatausingtheirsavings.可知。B(山東省濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校2025屆高三上學(xué)期其次次模擬考試)Travelerstoanewcityareoftenencouragedtotakeabustour.Thethinkingisthattheycanlaterreturntotheplacesthatattractedthem,butthat’snonsense!Whatyouseefromtheinsideofafast-movingbusissanitized(清潔的)andunreal,entirelyremovedfromtherealsights,sounds,andsmellsoutside.Thebestwaytoexperienceanydestinationisbyfoot,withoutanitinerary,wanderingwhereyourspiritleadsyou.Eveninthelargestcities,thesavvy(資深的)travelerplungesintotheverycenteroftownandwalksdowntheneareststreet,experiencingtheactuallifeofthepeoplewhilelookingintothegrocerystoresandcourtyard.Youeventuallygettomanyofthesamesitesthatareonthebusroute--themuseums,themonuments,thecityhall--butyouwillhavewitnessedsomuchmorebecauseyouwillhavefeltthecontemporarylifeofthecityyou’revisiting.“ButwhatifIgetlost?”peopleask.Nooneevergetspermanentlylostinamajorcity.Eventually,atrolleyorbuspasseswiththewords“CentralStation”onitsfrontandyoucaneasilyreturntothecenteroftown.Besides,themostwonderfulthingscanhappenifyoudogetlost,suchasstoppingatasidewalkcafetositandrelaxandthenaskingdirectionsfromthelocalsatthenexttable.Hopefully,yourtripmaybeattractivebythisencounter.Hereareafewwaystomakethemostofyourtravels:Knowbeforeyougo.Beforeyoudepart,spendtimeinalibraryorbookstore,learningaboutthehistoryandcultureofyourdestinationsoyouwillbetterunderstandtheplaceyou’revisiting.Movearoundlikealocal.Usethelocalsubways,tramsandbuses.You’llnotonlysavemoney,you’lllearnhowpeoplelivethere,andyou’llgainarealisticperspectiveofthecity.Checkthebulletinboard.Bulletinboardslistfreelectures,concerts,workshopsandsocialgatherings,givingyouachancetojoinormeetthearea’smostdynamicresidents.Takeawalkingtour.Ifyoumustbookaguidedtour,selectthenonstandard,inexpensivekindsconductedonfoot.So,thenexttimeyoufeelluredbyasightseeingbustour,saveyourmoneyandinstead,wanderaroundonyourown.Ipromiseyouati