2024屆廣東省汕頭市高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題和答案

試題PAGE1試題汕頭市2023-2024學(xué)年度普通高中畢業(yè)班期末調(diào)研測試英語本試卷共8頁，滿分120分?？荚囉脮r120分。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑：如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案。答案不能答在試卷上。試題序號從“21”開始。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheBestHotelsinEdinburghClosetotheMust-SeeSightsEdinburghishometosomeofthebesthotelsinScotland.Herearesomeselectedhotels,rangingfromiconicfive-starinstitutionstonewapartmenthotels.TheBalmoralHotelForluxuryaccommodation,theBalmoralhoteloffersfive-starserviceandfantasticviewsofEdinburghCastle.Itisinthecitycenterandfeaturestheiconicclocktower.TheBalmoralisprobablythemostfamoushotelinthecityandisfamousforitshospitality.Itisalsopopularwithlocalsforafternoontea.WildeApartHotelWildeAparthotelisamodern,stylishhotel.Thehotelfeatureswell-appointed（設(shè)備齊全的）servicedapartmentsthathavefullyequippedsmallkitchens,freeWiFi,andcarparkingnearby.Theapartmentsareidealforthosewhoarestayinginthecityformorethananightortwoandwouldliketohaveasmallkitchentoenjoybreakfastorlunch.TheRadissonCollectionHotelTheRadissonCollectionHoteloverlookstheiconicRoyalMile.It’sjustashortwalkfromattractionssuchasEdinburghCastleandHolyroodPark,andit’swithineasyreachoflocalrestaurants,shops,bars,andgalleries.EverythingyouwillwanttoseeanddoinEdinburghisclosetohand,andit’sfiveminutesfromWaverlyTrainStationandairportlinks.Thehotel’sdesignismodern.ScotsmanHotelOriginallybuiltasTheScotsmannewspaperofficesin1905,ScotsmanHotelhasbeencarefullyrestoredintoninefloorsofroomsandsuiteswithcommandingviewsoverthecity.LocatedatthetopendofNorthBridge,thehoteloccupiestheprimerealestatespot(黃金地段)inEdinburgh.EasyaccesstoWaverleyTrainStationandairportshuttles,thehotelisprobablythemostwell-appointedaccommodationintermsoftransportlinks.WehopeyoulovetheEdinburghhotelswerecommend!21.Whichhotelsuitscustomerswholovecookingbythemselves?A.ScotsmanHotel. B.WildeApartHotel.C.TheBalmoralHotel. D.TheRadissonCollectionHotel.22.WhatmakestheScotsmanHoteldifferentfromtheothers?A.Itsspecialorigin. B.Itscentralsituation.C.Itscommandingviews. D.Itsconvenienttransportation.23.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atraveljournal. B.Atourreport.C.Atouristwebsite. D.Ahotelresearch.BIwenttoYuanheMiddleSchoolinXihaigu,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,aplacethatusedtobeoneofthepoorestregionsinChina,toparticipateinanEnglishclasswithvillagechildren.Mostkidsintheschoolcomefrompoorvillagehomesandare“l(fā)eftbehind”children一kidswhoseparentsworkinthecitiestomakeabetterliving.Afterclass,wechattedalot,andtheywonderedabouteverything,using“outsideworld”asatermtodescribethewiderglobeformanytimes.Takingcareofruralchildrenisessential.Theschooloffersboardingservicesandfreebreakfastandlunchtothestudents,whocanalsovideochatwiththeirparentsdaily.Tobettercareforthevillagechildren,theschoolprovidesoutdoorhiking,technology,art,andforeignlanguageprogramstohelpthemunderstandtheoutsideworld.Afterall,high-qualityeducationtodisadvantagedvillagechildrenisthekeytopoverty-alleviation（扶貧）efforts.DuringmytripinXihaigu,IalsovisitedNingxiaNormalUniversity,whereover70%ofitsstudentsmajorineducation.In2013,localandcentralgovernmentslaunchedpublic-fundedprogramstorecruitstudentsinterestedinbecomingteachersinNingxia’sruralvillagesanddistricts.By2023,3,500studentswereenrolledintheprogram,manyofwhomcamefromdisadvantagedvillagehouseholdsinXihaigu.IhadtheopportunitytospeakwithYang,apublic-fundedstudentfromtheonce-poorXihaiguregion.Afterfinishingschool,heplannedtostayintheXihaiguareaasateachertoteachthekidsknowledge.Yangtoldmethatknowledgeisthekeytoleadingabetterlifeaswellasunderstandingtheworld.Alackofknowledgeisoneofthemainfactorsofbeingpoor.Moneycouldhelpthepoorforawhilebutnotonceforall.Hehopesthatbysharingknowledgewiththekidsinhishometown,hecanhelpthembroadentheirhorizonsanddevelopanobjectiveperspectiveontheworld.Heenvisionsafuturewherethesechildrencanusetheirknowledgetomakeabetterlife,stoppeople’stereotypes(固有印象)aboutChinaandshareXihaigu’sstorieswiththerestoftheworld.24.Whydidthekidsrepeatedlymention“outsideworld”?A.Outofcuriosityabouttheunknownworld.B.Withthehopeofchangingtheworldoutside.C.Toshowtheirexperiencesaboutthewiderglobe.D.Forlackofconfidencetowardstheirinnerworld.25.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thekeytopoverty-alleviationefforts.B.Theaidtothekidsonlifeandeducation.C.Theteachingconditionsoftheschool.D.Thehigh-qualityeducationoftheschool.26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripinNingxiaNormalUniversity?A.Studentsinthisuniversitycanbefreeofcharge.B.TheauthoritiessupportNingxia’sruralareasbystressingeducation.C.Thepublic-fundedprogramstargetatthestudentsfrompoorregions.D.MoneyislessimportantthanknowledgeforthepeopleinXihaigu’svillages.27.WhichofthefollowingmayagreewithYang’sopinion?A.Learnandlive. B.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.C.Hangontoyourdreams. D.Poverty-alleviationstartswitheducation.CAsarchaeologists（考古學(xué)家）examinedancienttombsinTurfaninwesternChina,theydiscoveredsomesurprisinglywell-preservedandfamiliarrelics.Thoughhardenedfromover1,000years,theresatlittledumplings.Exactlywhoinventeddumplingsremainsamystery.Butsomescholarssuspecttheywerefirstspreadbynomadic（游牧的）TurkicpeopleslivinginwesternChinaandCentralAsia.Thisisthoughttobethecasebecause“manti,”meaning“dumpling”or“steamedbun”inmanyTurkiclanguages,appearstobetherootwordfordumplinginseveralotherlanguages.AncientTurkicpeopleprobablyfilledtheirdumplingswithmeat.Butit’sunclearwhenthispracticebegan,orwhethertheylearnedtheartofdumpling-makingfromothers.Howeverthishappened,dumplingscertainlygatheredsteaminancientChina.DumplingscontinuedtotakeoffanddiversifyinChinaoverthenextthousandyears.Insteadofthetraditionalmeatfilling,somecommunitieschosevegetarian（素食）dumplings.Peopledevelopednewcookingmethods.TherelationshipbetweenChinesedumplingsandthoseinotherareasistrickytotrace,butfoodhistorianshavemadetheirbestguessesbasedonavailableclues.BesidesTurkictribes,somescholarsbelievethattheMongolEmpirealsocontributedtothespreadofdumplings,perhapsintroducingthemtopartsofEasternEurope.ThesedumplingscouldhavecomebywayofChinaordirectlyfromsomeoftheTurkicpeoplestheMongolshiredtoruntheirempire.OnetheoryisthatthisgaverisetodumplingslikepelmeniinRussia,pierogiinPolandandvarenikiinUkraine.TheMongolEmpirealsocontrolledKoreaandmighthavelikewiseintroduceddumplingsthere.Later,afterChinesedumplingvarietieswereintroducedtomorecountries,Englishspeakersbegancallingthemdumplings,whichmeans“l(fā)ittlelumps”.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Chinese“jiaozi”werebroughttoJapan.SowhatabouttheItaliandumpling-likepasta?SomehistoriansthinkitmightbebroughtbyArabconquerors.It’sunlikelythatalldumplingdishescamefromthesameroottradition.However,wecanappreciatethemysterioushistoricalwebthatmadedumplingssovarious.28.WhatmadeTurkicpeoplessuspectedtofirstspreaddumplings?A.Thelanguagestheyused. B.Theireatinghabits.C.Theirdumpling-makingskills. D.Thenewlyfoundtombs.29.Whatdoesthephrase“gatheredsteam”inparagraph2mean?A.Originated. B.Stabilized.C.Gotwell-cooked. D.Becamepopular.30.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Thespreadingprocessofdumplings.B.Thepossibleoriginsofdumplings.C.Differencesbetweenvariousdumplings.D.Reasonsforthepopularityofdumplings.31.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribedumplingsaccordingtothepassage?A.Delicious. B.Diverse. C.Unusual. D.Regional.DSoniaKleindorferwasanewdirectoroftheKonradLorenzResearchCenterinAustria.Atherinstitute,KonradLorenzwasafamousAustrianzoologistwhocouldcorrectlynameeachkindofgoose,whichmadeKleindorferfeelacertainamountofpressure.“Icandofive,butwhenthenextfivecome,Istarttohaveamentalmeltdown,”shesays.Soshecontactedamoretechnically-mindedcolleagueandaskedhim:Couldhewriteaprogramtodistinguishthesefaces?Hesaid,yes,buthe’dneedadatabaseofgeesephotostoworkwith.Kleindorfergotherteamoutthere,snappingpicturesofthegeesefromeveryangle.Afterbuildingthedatabase,theywroteapieceoffacialrecognitionAlthatcouldIDagoose,bylookingatspecificfeaturesofitsbeak（喙）.Afteracoupleofyears,theteamreportsthattheirgooserecognitionsoftwareisnowabout97%accurate.“Geesehavesuchdrama—therearearchrivals（勁敵）,andjealousyandretribution（報答）,”Kleindorfersays.Tofindouthowfacesfiguredintothisdrama,shepresentedthegeesewithfull-sizedpicturesofthemselves,theirpartners,oranothermemberoftheflock.Sheshowedevidencethatgeeseseemedtorecognizephotosoftheirpartnersandfriends,butnotthemselves.Forfurtherstudy,SoniaKleindorferhopesbirdwatcherswillsomedaybeabletosnapapictureofagoose,IDit,andshareitslocationwithscientists.Butsheadds,justremember,hernewresearchsuggeststhatbirdwatchinggoesbothways:Geesecanrememberfacestoo.“Ifyouareevernotkindtoagoose,”shewarns,“thatgoosemayfindyouagain.”Kleindorferthinksthatfacialrecognitionisgoingtoplayareallyimportantroleinconservationandecology.“Weneedmorecomputerscientiststrainedinbehavioralecologyandweneedmoreconservationscientiststrainedincomputerscience,”shesays.“Butworkingtogether,Ithinkwecandothis.”32.WhatwastheproblemofSoniaKleindorferatwork?A.Shewasalwaysstressed. B.Shewasnotabletocountthegeese.C.Shesufferedamentalillness. D.Shecouldn’trecognizeallthegeese.33.Howdoestheprogramdistinguishthegeese?A.Bysnappingpicturesofthegeese. B.Bypresentingthefull-sizedpictures.C.Byidentifyingthebeaksinthephotos. D.Bybuildingthedatabaseofthegeese.34.Whatisthefindingofthenewresearch?A.Birdwatchingisadangerousactivity.B.Geesecanlocateandfindhumanbeings.C.Geesehavetheabilityoffacialrecognition.D.Birdwatcherscansnapapictureofagoose.35.WhatdoesKleindorferstressinthelastparagraph?A.Sciencetraining. B.Computerscience.C.Photo-takingskills. D.Cross-subjectstudy第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howdoweslowdownandeatmoredeliberately?Andwhataresometechniqueswecanusetoeatatahealthypace?36That’swhenyouuseyoursensestoenjoythefoodandnoticehowitmakesyoufeel.Thefirsttipistotakeatleast20minutestofinishyourmeal.Veryoftenwefindourselveseatingwhiledoingsomethingelse,andthatcanmakeuseatfasterthanwenormallywould.Whenyousitdowntoeat,spendabout20minutesdoingso.3738Removealldistractionswhileyoueat.Theycaninterferewithyourabilitytoenjoyyourfoodandnoticewhenyouarefull.Spendtimetoeatandonlyeat.Makesureyourcellphoneisfacedownandyou’renotgoingtoberespondingtoanymessagesthatcomethrough.Noticingallthelittledetailsaboutyourfoodwouldhavegreatbenefitsaswell.39Onewaytoslowdownistoengageyoursensesandthinkthroughallthedetailsaboutyourmeal.Askyourself:what’sonmyplate?HowhungryamItoday?Isittoosalty?Noticethesmell,thetextureandwhateverothersensesthatariseasyoueat.Insteadofwolfingdown,don’tforgettoactuallychew.Ifyou’reinhaling（吸入）yourfoodyou’reprobablynotchewingit.40Lookateachbitebeforepoppingitintoyourmouth,acknowledgewhatyou’reeatingandchew,chew,chew.A.Puttingyourphoneawayisalsoadvisable.B.So,you’dbettereatinamorehealthyway.C.Second,removefoodthatwouldmakeyoudistract.D.Expertssharehelpfultipsonhowtoeatmoremindfully.E.Expertssuggestthatchewingisanimportantpartofdigestion.F.Youmightwonderhowtospend20wholeminuteseatingasandwich.G.Ittakesaboutthattimeforyourbodytogetthesignaltothebrainthatyouarefull.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空格處的最佳選項。In9thgrade,Ijoinedamilitarytraining(軍訓(xùn))camp.Thespecialeye-openerforcedmyfriendsaway,whowere41tobeawayfromtheirfamilieswhileIturnedexcitedatthe42.Inthecamp,the43wasthefirstchallenge.Honestly,Istartedtobe44tomyparents,whohadinsistedondoingmypartathome.It’snotaseasyasitsounds.Nottomention,theyhadtodoeverythingthemselves,fromdishesto45,foruswithoutcomplaint.Butinthecamp,wegotonly20minutesduringthebreaktomakeourbeds,sweeptheflooranddothewashing.Besides,fromthemomentIarrived,thecampimpressedmemostwithasenseof46.Thedayswerelonganddemanding,filledwith47designedtopushustoourlimits.Wehada(an)48instructorwhistlingloudlyat5a.m.WakenupearlyoncoldDecembermornings,wewere49torunfourlapsbeforebreakfast.Itwasareal50.Ifonefailed,thewholeteamgottwomorelaps.Gradually,thepain51.LaterinthemountainclimbingcompetitionwithBoyTeam,weGirlTeamwasthechampion!Afterthosefreezingmornings,we52it.Eachmemberofourteamworkedsohardonourskills.53,thesharedexperiencestaughtusalessonof54.Wereliedoneachotherforsupport.Overall,theexperience,likethesuninthatwinter,warmsmyheartand55myway.41.A.eager B.pleased C.afraid D.hesitated42.A.potential B.adventure C.campaign D.gathering43.A.homesickness B.routine C.standard D.housework44.A.grateful B.pitiful C.respectful D.devoted45.A.washing B.workout C.schedules D.relationships46.A.boredom B.urgency C.security D.discipline47.A.systems B.strategies C.challenges D.tracks48.A.enthusiastic B.strict C.considerate D.responsible49.A.commanded B.advised C.expected D.persuaded50.A.treat B.thrill C.struggle D.shame51.A.easedup B.paidoff C.fadedaway D.camealong52.A.took B.meant C.got D.made53.A.Furthermore B.Still C.However D.Anyway54.A.sportsmanship B.teamwork C.friendship D.order55.A.changes B.follows C.lights D.clears第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnachillyDecembermorninginBeijing,ZhangTing56(rise)at6a.m.andstartedtodressforhertriptotheSummerPalace.Twohourslater,thestylish28-year-old,ahip-hopsinger-songwriter,57(wear)hanfu—traditionalChinesecostume,arrivedattheSummerPalace,animperialgardenestablishedduringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911)and58UNESCOWorldHeritagesite.Shevisitedhere59(gain)inspirationforanewsong,forwhichsheplannedtomixelementsof60(tradition)Chineseculturewithherownstyleofmusic,knownasguofeng,ormusicwithaChineseflavor.Zhangjoinedaworkshop61（launch）byaplatformaimedatsupportingandcultivatingoriginalChinesemusicandindependent62（musician）fromChina.Soonafterward,shewrotethesongHongYuinmemoryofLiangHongyu,arespectedheroineduringtheSongDynasty（960-1279）.“Imagesofthesefemalerolescameinstantlytomind63IsawtheancientstageattheSummerPalace,”shesaid.Thethree-dayactivitybroughttogethersinger-songwritersfromaroundthecountryandtargetednewsongsfeaturingelementsofguofeng.LiLiang,headoftheprogram,said,“Youngpeoplegrowupwiththeinternetandareopen64differentcultures.Theyarenowembracing65（they）ownculturalaesthetics（美學(xué)）,whichismeaningful.”第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，新的一年到了，你的英國好友Jim來信說他去年的新年計劃未能落實，感到苦惱，向你詢問按時實施計劃的方法。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示理解；2.你的建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。3.參考詞匯：新年計劃NewYearresolutionDearJim,Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。EverytimeIthinkofthecardattachedwithapicture,itremindsmethatsuccessisimportant,butwhynotsometimesjustadmitthejourney,regardlessofsuccessorfailure,andshowourapproval?Ourapprovalmaybringusanotherstory,whileforothers,anotherchapteroflife.Onemonthago,Iwastemporarilyappointedtobeinchargeofaclass,whentheyjustfinishedanimportantexam.Aboywalkingoutoftheclassroomwithhisfriendsgreetedmehappily.Thesunnysmileonhisfaceshowedhisconfidenceintheexam.HewasMark,atopAstudent.Duringthefollowingdays,Markimpressedmewithhisoptimisminclassandafterclass.OneMondaymorning,asIrushedtowardsmyoffice,IencounteredMark.Wegreetedeachother,buthis"goodmorning”facewasn’tasbrightasusual.“Maybehedoesn’tlikeMondayasmuchasIdo.”Ithoughtjokingly.Attheoffice,Mark’sless-than-enthusiasticlookremindedmeofhissunnysmile.Recallingthefirsttimewemet,Idrewaboywithabroadsmileandsparklingeyes.Asanewteacher,pupilslikeMarkweremyfavourite.Personally,theylearnedbyheart,andalwaysmetourexpectations.Moreover,theywereeasilysatisfied.Evenasimple“Welldone!”couldbrightentheirday.Toencouragestudents,Ihadmyownawardsystem,includingemptycards,whereIwouldwritethreeorfoursentencesofencouragementbasedonstudents’individualsituations.AsIenjoyedthepleasureofgettinganewidea,Iheardaknockatthedoor.ItwasMark,dragginghisfeetwithhisheaddown,“Madam,I’mupset.”Hiswordsamazedme.Whatcouldmakesuchanexcellentstudentsodown?Iaskedifhehadproblemswithhisfriends,butheshookhishead.Concerned,Iinquiredifhewasbeingbullied,butreceivedthesameresponse.“Doyourparentsputpressureonyou?”Iwondered.Asforthisquestion,Mark’svoicebegantotrembleandheloweredhisheadagain,whispering,“Theytrustmeandexpectmetogetbetterandbetter.IhadbeendoingmybestbutIgotthethirdplaceintheexam.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Hearinghiswords,Iwaslostinthought.Withmyencouragement,Markopenedthecard.汕頭市2023-2024學(xué)年度高三期末調(diào)研試題語文選擇題參考答案1.B(原文只提到“詩是從聲律最優(yōu)美的散文中洗煉出來的”“而詩不過是語言形式美的集中表現(xiàn)罷了”,并沒有將兩者進(jìn)行比較，所以不能說詩“比散文有著更高的藝術(shù)價值“。)2.D(原文說的是“佛教和道教學(xué)說，恰巧隨著唐代統(tǒng)治者的先后提倡，使唐代詩人從思想上受到影響”,并非“佛教和道教學(xué)說在唐代先后出現(xiàn)”,其產(chǎn)生更非“哲學(xué)與文學(xué)的結(jié)合”所致。)3.C(“位卑則足羞，官盛則近諛”,是“群聚而笑之”者對“曰師曰弟子云者”的分類評說，并非作者想法，也沒有體現(xiàn)“辯證思維”。)6.C(“感覺疲憊不堪”于文無據(jù)，且不說話是為了感受山間的寂靜，而非“尷尬的沉默”。)7.D(從原文“向右走上了去理安寺的那條石砌小路，我們倆在山嘴將轉(zhuǎn)彎的時候”可知，“我們”已經(jīng)走出很遠(yuǎn)，現(xiàn)實的笑聲不可能還在回響，“似乎”點明了“大笑的余音的回響”只是“我”心里的主觀感受。)10.CEG(原句的意思是：孟嘗君招待賓客吃晚飯，有個人遮住了燈光，那個賓客發(fā)怒，認(rèn)為飯食的質(zhì)量肯定不相等。)11.A(“越陌度阡，枉用相存”的“存”是“問候、探望”;C項“與爾三矢，爾其無忘乃父之志”的“其”是“副詞，表示祈使語氣”。)12.D(“真正的人才無法進(jìn)入”分析有誤，應(yīng)該是孟嘗君招收士人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、行為與做法，不被真正的人才認(rèn)同，所以他們才不去。)15.C(“透露出詩人等候友人來訪的期待、興奮之情”有誤，應(yīng)是反襯夏夜的“寂靜”,透露出焦急等待而客人卻遲遲不到的無聊和無奈之情。)汕頭市2023-2024學(xué)年度高三期末調(diào)研試題語文主觀題參考答案4.①材料一作者以語言形式美立論，著重從整齊美出發(fā)，論述對偶和排比若能做到整齊而不雷同，勻稱而不呆板，可構(gòu)成語言形式的美。②材料二，作者從律詩對仗在唐代之所以形盛的原因著筆，指出律詩中對偶的運用可把詩歌形象思維發(fā)展到極致，且古代哲學(xué)為唐詩發(fā)展提供充分思想淵源。(共4分，每點2分)5.①該句運用對偶的修辭手法，體現(xiàn)了語言的整齊之美。兩個句子平行，長短相等,結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性大致相同，意思相對。(或：形成了表達(dá)形式上的整齊和諧和內(nèi)容上的相互映襯)②對偶要求作者揭露矛盾，杜甫借助對比鮮明的兩句概括寫出事件的發(fā)展，“一怒”“一苦”展現(xiàn)了“安史之亂”引起的戰(zhàn)爭給人民帶來的深重災(zāi)難，是辯證思維運用的體現(xiàn)。(共6分，每點3分)8.①馳上江干，游覽海月橋、花牌樓時，“我”的心境是寂寞的；②在之江大學(xué)山中游覽，“我”內(nèi)心充滿時間流逝、韶華不再的慨嘆；③到了胡君居處時，“我”又因舊友重逢而喜悅興奮；④與胡君一同來到茶莊，在寂靜的山間，“我”的內(nèi)心充滿颯爽的清氣，變得平和寧靜。(共4分，每點1分)9.①在選擇意象上，作者繼承山水田園詩的寫作傳統(tǒng)：選取“亂石幽溪”“秋山”等典型意象，用“金黃淺碧”來寫山頭夕照，深得古人“詩中有畫”的真?zhèn)?；②在語言風(fēng)格上，文章簡淡質(zhì)樸、含蓄雋永：如文中“看看青天，看看江岸”“一片荒山，幾條泥路“等句，語言質(zhì)樸自然，不事雕飾；引用或化用古詩文詞句，如“曾日月之幾何”“不絕如縷”,簡潔典雅，含蓄雋永；③在審美意境上，作者追求寂靜空靈，情景交融的審美意趣，追求人與自然合為一體，物我兩忘的意境；④吸收歷代山水游記中布局謀篇的精華，文章講求結(jié)構(gòu)布局，富于節(jié)奏和層次的變化，曲徑通幽，漸入勝境。(共6分，每點2分，答對3點即可。第②點語言風(fēng)格的分析概括，只要能符合“傳統(tǒng)文人的審美情趣”即可；第④點題干未有提示，但屬“傳統(tǒng)文人的審美情趣”,考生若能答出也可酌情給分。)13.(1)因此，君子用豐厚的俸祿來收養(yǎng)他們，用尊崇的地位來禮待他們。(關(guān)鍵詞：是以、富、尊各1分，大意1分，可以落在“豐祿”“隆爵”這兩處賓語前置)(2)世人都稱贊孟嘗君善于得到人才，人才因此都投靠他的門下，而他最終借助他們的力量，從虎豹一樣兇惡的秦國逃走。(關(guān)鍵詞：得士、歸、賴各1分，大意1分)14.司馬遷認(rèn)為孟嘗君喜好養(yǎng)客，以此沾沾自喜；司馬光認(rèn)為孟嘗君養(yǎng)士是結(jié)黨營私，沽名釣譽(yù)(答“危害國家和百姓”也可得分);王安石認(rèn)為孟嘗君養(yǎng)的士不是真正的人才。(每點1分，意思接近即可，如有其他答案言之有理即可酌情給分。照抄原文語句不給分)【參考譯文】材料一：孟嘗君在薛邑，招攬各諸侯國的賓客以及犯罪逃亡的人，很多人歸附了孟嘗君。孟嘗君每當(dāng)接待賓客，與賓客坐著談話時，總是在屏風(fēng)后安排侍史，讓他記錄孟嘗君與賓客的談話內(nèi)容，記載所問賓客親戚的住處。賓客剛剛離開，孟嘗君就已派使者到賓客親戚家里撫慰問候，獻(xiàn)上禮物。有一次，孟嘗君招待賓客吃晚飯，有個人遮住了燈亮，那個賓客發(fā)怒，認(rèn)為飯食的質(zhì)量肯定不相等。孟嘗君馬上站起來，親自端著自己的飯食與他的相比，那個賓客慚愧得無地自容，就以刎頸自殺表示謝罪。賢士們因此有很多人都情愿歸附孟嘗君。太史公說：“我曾經(jīng)經(jīng)過薛地，那里民間的風(fēng)氣多有兇暴的子弟，與鄒地、魯?shù)劐漠?。我向那里人詢問這是什么緣故，人們說：“孟嘗君曾經(jīng)招來天下許多負(fù)氣仗義的人,僅亂法犯禁的人進(jìn)入薛地的大概就有六萬多家?！笔篱g傳說孟嘗君以樂于養(yǎng)客而沾沾自喜，的確名不虛傳。材料二：齊王把薛城封給田嬰，號稱靖郭君。靖郭君對齊王說：“各主管大臣的報告，您應(yīng)該每天親自聽取并反復(fù)審核?！饼R王照此做去，不久就厭煩了，全部委托給靖郭君代辦。于是，齊國的大權(quán)全部落到田嬰手中。靖郭君有四十個兒子，其中一個地位卑賤的小老婆生的兒子叫田文。田文風(fēng)流通達(dá)、富有智謀，他建議靖郭君廣散錢財，蓄養(yǎng)心腹之士。靖郭君便讓田文主持家政，接待賓客，賓客都在靖郭君面前爭相稱贊田文，建議讓他做繼承人。靖郭君死后，田文果然接班做了薛公，號為孟嘗君。孟嘗君的美名傳遍天下。臣司馬光曰：賢德的君子收養(yǎng)士人，是為了百姓的利益?！兑捉?jīng)》說：“圣人收養(yǎng)賢良人才，恩澤及于天下百姓?！笔咳酥匈t良的人，道德操守足以匡正風(fēng)俗，見識足以高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、洞察一切，毅力足以團(tuán)結(jié)仁人志士；用到大處可以有利于天下，用到小處可以有利于一國。因此，君子用豐厚的俸祿來收養(yǎng)他們，用尊崇的地位來禮待他們。然而孟嘗君的養(yǎng)士，不分聰明愚笨，不論好人壞人，一概收留；他盜用國庫的薪俸，結(jié)立自己的私黨，沽名釣譽(yù)，對上欺瞞國君，對下盤剝百姓，真是一個奸雄，哪里值得頌揚(yáng)啊材料三：世人都稱贊孟嘗君善于得到人才，人才因此都投靠他的門下，而他最終借助他們的力量，從虎豹一樣兇惡的秦國逃走。哎呀!孟嘗君只不過是些雞鳴狗盜之徒的頭目罷了,哪里稱得上善于得到人才呢?不是這樣的話，他完全可以憑借齊國的強(qiáng)大力量，得到一個真正的人才，就可以南面稱王而制服秦國，還用得著這些雞鳴狗盜之輩的能力嗎?雞鳴狗盜之輩出入他的門下，這正是真正的人才之所以不到他那里去的原因呀。16.①杜詩借景抒情，通過描寫主客在窗前交談賞月、欣賞梅花的情景，含蓄地反映了詩人對友人到訪喜悅的心情，暗含對友人的贊賞。②趙詩運用細(xì)節(jié)描寫，通過描寫詩人閑敲棋子和燈花燃盡落下的細(xì)節(jié)，委婉地表達(dá)了詩人因待客未至而悵惘失意、百無聊賴的心情。(共6分。每點3分，答出手法1分，結(jié)合詩句分析1分，情感1分。意思接近即可，如有其他答案若言之有理可酌情給分)【詩歌鑒賞】《寒夜》這是一首清新淡雅而又韻味無窮的友情詩。詩的前兩句寫客人寒夜來訪，主人點火燒茶，招待客人；后兩句又寫到窗外剛剛綻放的梅花，使得今晚的窗前月別有一番韻味,顯得和平常不一樣。整首詩語言清新、自然，無雕琢之筆，表現(xiàn)的意境清新、雋永，讓人回味無窮。“寒夜客來茶當(dāng)酒”,幾被當(dāng)作口頭話來運用。常在口頭的話，說的時候往往用不著思考，脫口而出，可是細(xì)細(xì)品味，總是有多層轉(zhuǎn)折，“寒夜客來茶