2021年湖南省雅禮中學高二上學期期中考試英語試題（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

高考資源網(wǎng)（），您身邊的高考專家PAGE歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚。高考資源網(wǎng)（），您身邊的高考專家歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚。2021-2022學年湖南省雅禮中學高二上學期期中考試英語試題（解析版）時量：120分鐘分值：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthenewsupermarket?A.Nexttothebank.B.Nearthecinema.C.Besidethetheater.2.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Comebackanothertime.B.Buyotherflowersinstead.C.Gotoanothershop.3.Howwilltheboygotothemuseum?A.Byfoot.B.Byunderground.C.Bybike.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetoseeanothermovie?A.Shehastogoout.B.Sheneedstoworknow.C.Shewantstorest.5.Whenwillthecompanybuspassby?A.At8:30.B.At8:45.C.At9:00.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Doingasurvey.B.Calculatingthebill.C.Servingthefood.7.Howwouldthemanlikehissteaknexttime?A.Mediumrare.B.Mediumwell.C.Welldone.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whattypeofmusicdoesthemanlike?A.Jazz.B.Rap.C.Rock.9.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Asongwriter.B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Aradiohostess.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthegirlfeelunhappyatfirst?A.Shedoesn’thaveaproperdress.B.Shehasn’tgotinvitedtothedance.C.Shedoesn’tknowhowtodance.11.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Friends.12.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheman’shouse.C.Inasupermarket.14.Whydoesthemanwanttoeatenergybarsonly?A.Toloseweight.B.Tosavemoney.C.Tobuildmuscles.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheads?A.They’relying.B.They’reconvincing.C.They’reconfusing.16.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Grateful.B.Smart.C.Careless.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatarethehighesttemperaturesinNorthernIndianow?A.About35℃.BAlmost40℃.C.Over45℃.18.HowmanyIndianpeoplediedin2016duetoheat-relatedillnesses?A.About200.B.About1,000.C.About2,000.19.Whatwillbedoneunderextremelyhightemperatures?A.Governmentprojectswillbedoneatnight.B.Bottlesofwaterwillbesoldatlowprices.C.Schooldayswillbereduced.20.WhatwilltheweatherbelikelatethismonthinIndia?A.Cooler.B.Allthesame.C.Hotter.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共11小題；每小題2.5分，滿分27.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將選項涂黑。AThebrideis97.Thegroomis98.Thecouplehasbeenmarriedfor77years,andthankstosomeveryspecialpeople,theywerefinallytreatedtosomeveryspecialweddingmemoriestheymissedoutonallthoseyearsago.TheKingsarejustlikefamilytothestaffoftheSt.CroixHospicewhoserveascaretakersfortheelderlypairintheirOelwein,Idahohome.Withabiganniversarycomingup,theircaregiverswantedtodosomethingspecialtocelebratetheoccasionandknowingsomethingofthecouple’shistory,theycameupwithaperfectplan.WhenFrankieandRoyceKingtooktheirvows(誓言)onSeptember16,1944,theworldwasaverydifferentplace.Thesimplechurchceremonywassmallandshort.Ratherthanalacegown(蕾絲長裙),Frankieworeasuit.Therewasnophotographeronhandtorecordthevows.WhileFrankieandRoyce’sweddinglackedsplendor(壯觀),theirlifetogetherhasmorethanmadeupforit.Twokids,fourgrandkids,andseveralgreat-grandkidslater,theKings’marriageisstillgoingstrong.Ontheiranniversary,asonestaffmemberplayedBig-Banderatunesonhissaxophoneandanothertookphotos,Frankie,dressedinalovely1940s-eraweddinggown,wasledthroughaflower-coveredarchwaytowhereRoycewaswaitingforher.Bythetimethebigweddingcakewasserved,therewasn’tadryeyeinthehouse.PhotographerHilaryMichelsonsaid,“IworkforSt.CroixHospicefull-timewhiledoingphotographyinmysparetime.Iampassionateaboutbothofmyjobsanditmademyheartsoincrediblyfulltoseethemembracingeachother.”TheKings’daughter,SueBilodeau,isnowputtingtogetheraphotoalbumofcherishedmemoriesforthem.“Itwasdefinitelyoneofthemostspecialthingsever,”shesaid.“WhenMommentionedshedidn’thavetimetoplanabigweddinganddidn’thaveaphotographer,theSt.Croixstaffmembersworkedtogethertomakesuretheycouldgettheirspecialday.”1.WhatdidthestaffoftheSt.CroixHospicedecidetodofortheKings?A.Helpthemrecalltheirweddingmemories.B.Takegoodcareofthemasfamilymembers.C.Writesomethingaboutthecouple'shistory.D.Celebratetheirweddinganniversarylikearealwedding.2.WhatwastheKings’weddingceremonyin1944like?A.Itseemedtobetheperfectplan.B.Itwassimpleandheldinasmallchurch.C.Itwasfollowedbythecouple’slongseparation.D.Ithadonlyonephotographertorecordtheirvows.3.Whatwaseveryone’sresponsewhentheweddingcakewasserved?A.Theywereallintears.B.Theyapplaudedloudly.C.Theywerebusytakingpicturesofthecouple.D.Theystoppeddoingeverythingandwatched.【1~3題答案】【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了醫(yī)院的工作人員為一對高齡老人舉辦了特殊的婚禮的故事。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Withabiganniversarycomingup,theircaregiverswantedtodosomethingspecialtocelebratetheoccasionandknowingsomethingofthecouple’shistory,theycameupwithaperfectplan.(隨著一個重大的周年紀念日即將到來，他們的看護人想做一些特別的事情來慶祝這個時刻，了解了這對夫婦的歷史，他們想出了一個完美的計劃。)”可知，看護人員想幫忙做一些事目的是慶祝這對夫婦的結婚紀念日。選項D符合語意，故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesimplechurchceremonywassmallandshort.Ratherthanalacegown(蕾絲長裙),Frankieworeasuit.Therewasnophotographeronhandtorecordthevows.(簡單的教堂儀式既小又短。而不是花邊禮服(蕾絲長裙),弗蘭基穿西裝。現(xiàn)場沒有攝影師來記錄他們的誓言。)”可知，1944年的婚禮在小小教堂舉行，禮服簡單，沒有攝影師。選項B符合語意。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Bythetimethebigweddingcakewasserved,therewasn’tadryeyeinthehouse.(婚禮大蛋糕端上來的時候，屋里的人都哭了。)”可知，端上蛋糕時，大家感動的哭了。選項A符合語意。故選A。BTheslim,bushy-tailedSierraNevadaredfoxwillbelistedasanendangeredspecies,federalwildlifeofficialsannouncedlastmonth.Theysaiditspopulationhasdecreasedtojust40animalsintheareaofCaliforniafromLakeTahoetothesouthofYosemiteNationalPark.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicedecidedagainstlistingadistinctpopulationofthefoxesinthesouthernCascadeRangeofOregonandnearLassenPeakinNorthernCalifornia,however.“Whiletheexactnumberremainsunknownandisalsosubjecttochangewithnewbirthsanddeaths,itiswellbelowthestandardpopulationlevels.”ItprovidednoexactnumberofredfoxesremainingintheCascadeRange.Asoneoftherarestmammals(哺乳動物)inNorthAmerica,theredfoxesintheSierraalreadyareindangerduetothreatsofwildfire,drought,competitionfromcoyotes(郊狼)reductionsinfoodandinbreeding(近親繁殖)withnon-nativefoxes.Additionalfuturethreatsincludeclimatechange,continuinglossofsnowfieldsandofthegeneralhabitattowhichtheSierraNevadapopulationhasadapted.Thiswilllikelyleadtoincreasednumbersofcoyotesinhigh-altitudeareasandtoincreasedcompetitionbetweencoyotesandSierraNevadafoxesforfood,theservicesaid.TheSierraNevadaredfoxhasdeclinedsharplybecauseofpoisoningandtrapping,habitatdestructionanddisturbancefromoff-roadvehiclesandsnowmobiles,saidJeffMiller,aseniorconservationofficerforthecenter.HesaidtheanimalsfacethesamethreatsintheCascadeMountainstoMountHood,Oregon.“Thisisanimportantstep,buttheFishandWildlifeServiceshouldalsoprotecttheseendangeredanimalsintheCascades,”hesaid.TheFishandWildlifeServicenoteditisnotproposingdesignatingcriticalhabitatforthespeciesatthistime,however,becausehabitat“doesnotappeartobealimitingfactorforthespecies.”Theagencyestimatesthe18to39animalsremainingintheSierracanbefoundsouthofCaliforniaStateHighway88fromjustsouthofLakeTahoeintotheeasternmostareaofYosemiteParkinTuolumneandMaderacounties.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheexactnumberofredfoxesinCaliforniaisstillunknown.B.TheredfoxesinYosemiteNationalParkaren’tendangerednow.CThenumberofallendangeredredfoxesintheCascadeRangeiscertain.D.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehasn’tlistedthefoxesinOregonasendangered.5.Whatarethemainreasonsforthepopulationofthisredfoxtodecreasesogreatly?a.Illegalhunting.b.Theactivitiesofhumans.c.Theattacksfromcoyotes.d.Damagetotheirhabitat.A.abc B.abd C.bcd D.acd6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“designating”inthefifthparagraphprobablymean?A.Takingup. B.Seekingout. C.Breakingup. D.Markingout.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnintroductiontotheSierraNevadaredfox. B.Thesignificanceofsavingendangeredredfoxes.C.Thedecisiontolistredfoxesasendangeredanimals. D.Ananalysisofthechangeinthenumberofredfoxes.【4~7題答案】【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要講述了美國的一種野生紅狐被列為瀕危動物?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicedecidedagainstlistingadistinctpopulationofthefoxesinthesouthernCascadeRangeofOregonandnearLassenPeakinNorthernCalifornia,however.(然而，美國魚類和野生動物管理局決定不將俄勒岡州南部喀斯喀特山脈和北加利福尼亞州拉森峰附近的狐貍種群列入名單。)”可知，美國魚類和野生動物管理局沒有將俄勒岡州的狐貍列為瀕危物種。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheSierraNevadaredfoxhasdeclinedsharplybecauseofpoisoningandtrapping,habitatdestructionanddisturbancefromoff-roadvehiclesandsnowmobiles,saidJeffMiller,aseniorconservationofficerforthecenter.(該中心的高級保護官員杰夫·米勒說，由于中毒和誘捕、棲息地破壞以及越野車和雪地摩托的干擾，內(nèi)華達山脈紅狐數(shù)量急劇下降。)”可知，導致紅狐大幅減少的主要原因包括非法捕獵、人類活動和棲息地破壞。故選B項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“TheFishandWildlifeServicenoteditisnotproposingdesignatingcriticalhabitatforthespeciesatthistime,however,becausehabitat“doesnotappeartobealimitingfactorforthespecies.”(然而，魚類和野生動物管理局指出，目前不建議為該物種designating關鍵棲息地，因為棲息地“似乎不是該物種的限制因素?！?”可知，棲息地并不是該物種的限制因素，所以不建議為其指定關鍵棲息地，推測劃線單詞表示“指定”，與markingout同義。故選D項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theslim,bushy-tailedSierraNevadaredfoxwillbelistedasanendangeredspecies,federalwildlifeofficialsannouncedlastmonth.(聯(lián)邦野生動物官員上個月宣布，這種細長、尾巴濃密的內(nèi)華達山脈紅狐將被列為瀕危物種。)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了野生紅狐被列為瀕危動物的決定。故選C項。CTheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Whetherthedeclineisashort-termphenomenonoryetanotherbadsignforEarth'sclimatestillhastobeproved,scientistssuggest.Ourplanet,onaverage,typicallyreflectsabout30percentofthesunlightthatshinesonit.ButnewresearchstrengthenspreviousstudiessuggestingthatEarth’sabilitytoreflectlightbackhasbeendeclininginrecentyears,saysPhilipGoode,ascientistatBigBearSolarObservatoryinCalifornia.From1998to2017,Earth’sreflectancedeclinedbyabout0.5percent,theteamreportedinGeophysicalResearchLetters.Usingground-basedinstrumentsatBigBear,Goodeandhiscolleaguesmeasuredearthshine—thelightthatourplanetreflectstotheMoonandthenbacktoEarth—from1998to2017BecauseearthshineismosteasilymeasuredwhentheMoonisaslimcrescent(新月)andtheweatherisclear,theteamcollectedamere801datapointsduringthose20years,Goodeandhiscolleaguesreport.Muchofthedecreaseinreflectanceoccurredduringthelastthreeyearsofthetwo-decadeperiodtheteamstudied,Goodesays.Previousanalysesofsatellitedata,heandhiscolleaguesnote,suggestthatthedropinreflectancecamefromwarmertemperaturesalongthePacificcoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica,whichinturnreducedlow-altitudecloudcoverandexposedtheunderlying,muchdarkerandlessreflectiveseas.“Whetherornotthisisalong-termtrendisyettobeseen,”saysEdwardSchwieterman,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.“Thisstrengthenstheargumentforcollectingmoredata,”hesays.DecreasedcloudinessovertheeasternPacificisn’ttheonlythingcuttingEarth’sreflectance,saysShivPriyamRaghuraman,ascientistatPrincetonUniversity.Manystudiespointtoalong-termdeclineinseaice(especiallyintheArctic),iceonland,andtinypollutantscalledaerosols(氣溶膠)—allofwhichreflectsunlightbackintospacetocoolEarth.Withicecoverdeclining,Earthisabsorbingmoreradiation.TheextraradiationabsorbedbyEarthinrecentdecadesgoestowardwarmingtheoceansandmeltingmoreice,whichcancontributetoevenmorewarming,saysSchwieterman.Altogether,Goodeandhiscolleaguesestimate,thedeclineinEarth’sreflectancefrom1998to2017meansthateachsquaremeterofourplanet’ssurfaceisabsorbing,onaverage,anextra0.5wattsofenergy.Forcomparison,theresearchersnoteintheirstudy,planet-warminggreenhousegasesandotherhumanactivityoverthesameperiodincreasedenergyinputtoEarth’ssurfacebyanestimated0.6wattsofenergypersquaremeter.ThatmeansthedeclineinEarth’sreflectancehas,overthat20-yearperiod,almostdoubledthewarmingeffectourplanetexperienced.8.WhathashappenedtothesunshinethatshinesontheEarthaccordingtothestudy?A.Ithasbeendeclininginrecentyears.B.IthasbeenabsorbedmuchlessbytheEarth.C.Itsabilitytocomeintotheatmospherehasdeclined.D.IthasbeenreflectedmuchlessbackintospacebyEarth.9.Whatdowarmertemperaturescontributeto?A.Darkerseasandoceans. B.Morereflectionofsunshine.C.MoreradiationreleasedbyEarth. D.Lesscloudcoveragelowinthesky.10.Whatisn’tmentionedinthetextthatcancoolEarth?A.Iceonland. B.IceintheArctic.C.Tropicaltrees. D.Aerosolpollutants.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Earthislosingmoreice. B.Earthisbecomingwarmer.C.Earthisreflectinglesslight. D.Earthistakinginmoreenergy.【8~11題答案】【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)地球反射回太空的陽光量比以前明顯減少?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.”（最近幾年，地球反射回太空的陽光量顯著減少）以及第二段“From1998to2017,Earth’sreflectancedeclinedbyabout0.5percent,theteamreportedinGeophysicalResearchLetters.”（該團隊在《地球物理研究快報》上報道，從1998年到2017年，地球的陽光反射率下降了約0.5%）可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)地球反射回太空的陽光量比以前減少了，故選D。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Previousanalysesofsatellitedata,heandhiscolleaguesnote,suggestthatthedropinreflectancecamefromwarmertemperaturesalongthePacificcoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica,whichinturnreducedlow-altitudecloudcoverandexposedtheunderlying,muchdarkerandlessreflectiveseas.”（他和他的同事指出，先前對衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明，反射率的下降是因為南北美洲太平洋沿岸溫度升高，這反過來減少了低空云層的覆蓋，暴露了下面更暗、反射更少的海洋）可知，溫度升高導致低空云層覆蓋的減少，故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“DecreasedcloudinessovertheeasternPacificisn’ttheonlythingcuttingEarth’sreflectance,saysShivPriyamRaghuraman,ascientistatPrincetonUniversity.Manystudiespointtoalong-termdeclineinseaice(especiallyintheArctic),iceonland,andtinypollutantscalledaerosols(氣溶膠)—allofwhichreflectsunlightbackintospacetocoolEarth.”（普林斯頓大學的科學家希夫·普里亞姆·拉古拉曼說，東太平洋上空云量的減少并不是影響地球反射率的唯一因素。許多研究指出，海冰、尤其是北極地區(qū)的海冰、陸地上的冰以及被稱為氣溶膠的微小污染物的長期減少——所有這些都將陽光反射回太空，為地球降溫）可知，文中沒有提到熱帶樹木為地球降溫，故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“TheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.”（最近幾年，地球反射回太空的陽光量顯著減少）可知，本文主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)地球反射回太空的陽光量比以前明顯減少，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.____12____Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias(認知偏見),atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy“jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.____13____InaquizaboutUScitizens,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind“jumping”?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasilyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.____14____Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionmadeatfirstsightwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.____15____Amethodcalledcognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsarefacedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstograduallygetridofparticipants’overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadjumptoaconclusionisafrequentandimportantone.____16____Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Weplantotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.D.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.E.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.【12~16題答案】【答案】12.D13.B14.F15.A16.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章指出相較于按照直覺行事，深思熟慮對我們更有幫助。但一種叫元認知訓練的方法可以幫助那些急于得出結論的人。【12題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.(你在做決定之前花了多少時間做研究？有些人在做出選擇之前會仔細考慮每一個細節(jié))”結合下文提到了jumper“急于得出結論的人”可知，呼應上文仔細考慮每一個細節(jié)的人，空處應提出另一種人——急于得出結論的人。D項“但相當一部分人很快就會得出結論”符合題意，與上文內(nèi)容形成對比。故選D?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在需要深思熟慮分析的問題上，急于得出結論的人比仔細思考的人犯的錯誤更多)”和下文“InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.(在一次關于美國公民的測驗中，他們大大高估了自己答案正確的幾率——即使他們的答案是錯誤的)”推知，急于得出結論的人不僅容易犯錯，而且過于自信，即使在答案是錯誤的情況下還高估答案正確的幾率。B項“此外，急于得出結論的人也有過度自信的問題”符合題意，呈上啟下。故選B?！?4題詳解】空處位于段末應承接上文。根據(jù)上文“automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.(自動系統(tǒng)，反映容易、自發(fā)且無需努力就能進入大腦的想法，以及控制系統(tǒng)，包括有意識和輕松的推理。急于得出結論的人和仔細思考者同樣受到自動思維的影響)”可知，兩類人都受到自動思維的影響。但因為是兩種不同的人，因此他們在受影響的程度，或思維模式方面可能有所不同。F項“然而，急于得出結論的人并沒有像仔細思考者那樣進行控制推理”符合題意，承接上文，指出了他們的不同之處。故選F?！?5題詳解】空處位于段首，應開啟下文。根據(jù)下文“Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants’overconfidence.(一種叫做元認知訓練的方法可以用來針對他們的偏見，這可以幫助人們更慎重地思考。在這個培訓中，參與者要面對自己的偏見。他們可以學習到錯誤的地方和思考問題的其他方法。它有助于消除參與者的過度自信)”可知，有方法幫助急于得出結論的人克服他們的問題，消除過度自信。A項“幸運的是，急于得出結論者可能還有一些希望”符合題意。故選A?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisafrequentandimportantone.(在日常生活中，我們是應該深思熟慮，還是按照直覺行事，這是一個常見而重要的問題)”和下文“Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.(有時候，我們做出的最重要決定可能要做出選擇之前多花些時間)”可知，相較于按照直覺行事，深思熟慮對我們更有幫助。G項“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一點更多的證據(jù)，也可以幫助我們避免重大錯誤”符合題意。故選G。第三部分英語知識運用(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Somepeoplelivetoclimbthehighestmountains.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileothersliveto____17____everclimbingatall.Butonethingiscertain,allpeopleencountermountainsintheirlife.WhenIwasalittlegirl,myfamilymovedtoatinytownatthebottomofabigmountain.Onedayafterschool,while____18____thegreenwoodsofthismagnificentmountain,Ialmostfellonasetof____19____.Whatcouldthesesteps____20____?____21____gotthebestofmethoughIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.Iclimbedandclimbed.Therewas____22____butjustgreenbushesandthesesteps.Ihadtoreachthetop!Butitwasnowgettingreal____23____.IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.Mymomwouldbeworried____24____ifIdidn’tcomehomesoon.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkwhiletryingnottogettooscared.____25____IwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.Couldtherebeacastleupthere?MaybeIwouldfindamonster(怪物).MaybeIwastakingthe_____26_____ofnevercomingbackhome.Or,maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountain_____27_____.Icouldhardlywaittotrythis_____28_____again.Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can’tdo”attitudes.Weallfalldown.Weallhave_____29_____andregrets.Stillwemustclimbanddreamaboutwhat’satthetopofourmountain.Monstersmay_____30_____orthenightwillfall.Butneverever_____31_____yourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou,“Youcan’t.”Dreambigandclimbhigh!17.A.embrace B.prevent C.avoid D.recall18.A.collecting B.exploring C.expanding D.hiding19.A.chairs B.stages C.tools D.stairs20.A.runinto B.standfor C.beginwith D.leadto21.A.Curiosity B.Satisfaction C.Envy D.Patience22.A.nothing B.all C.anything D.everything23.A.cold B.dark C.scary D.tough24.A.dead B.mad C.sick D.hurt25.A.Worriedly B.Angrily C.Impatiently D.Anxiously26.A.path B.risk C.chance D.advantage27.A.atnotime B.insecret C.atallcost D.onthespot28.A.performance B.habit C.routine D.adventure29.A.doubts B.reliefs C.targets D.motives30.A.flee B.dream C.appear D.conquer31.A.watchoutfor B.giveupon C.putupwith D.liveupto【17~31題答案】【答案】17.C18.B19.D20.D21.A22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.C28.D29.A30.C31.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在文章中介紹了自己爬山的經(jīng)歷，借爬山這件事鼓勵我們不要放棄夢想，無論追求夢想的過程中遇到什么困難。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人活著只是夢想攀登，而另一些人活著是為了完全避免攀登。A.embrace擁抱；B.prevent防止；C.avoid避免；D.recall回憶起。根據(jù)句中“while”可知，空格前后內(nèi)容形成對比，由此可知，句中指有些人活著只是夢想攀登，而另一些人活著是為了完全避免攀登，“avoid”意為“避免”，符合語境。故選C項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天放學后，我在探索這座壯麗山巒的綠林時，差點摔倒在一組階梯上。A.collecting收集；B.exploring探索；C.expanding擴大；D.hiding隱藏。根據(jù)下文“Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.”可知，我開始向山上爬去，看看上面有什么，由此可知，我是在探索這座壯麗山巒的綠林。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天放學后，我在探索這座壯麗山巒的綠林時，差點摔倒在一組階梯上。A.chairs椅子；B.stages階段；C.tools工具；D.stairs階梯。根據(jù)下文“Whatcouldthesesteps_____?”中的“steps”可知，我想知道這些臺階通向什么，由此可知，我差點摔倒在山路上的一組階梯上。故選D項。【20題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這些臺階會通向什么。A.runinto遇到（問題、困難等）；B.standfor代表；C.beginwith以……開始；D.leadto通向。根據(jù)下文“Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.”可知，我開始爬上那些奇怪而神秘的臺階，想看看上面有什么，由此可知，我想知道這些臺階會通向什么。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：好奇心征服了我，盡管我知道天很快就要黑了。A.Curiosity好奇心；B.Satisfaction滿足；C.Envy嫉妒；D.Patience耐心。根據(jù)上文“Whatcouldthesesteps_____?”可知，我想知道這些臺階通向什么，由此可知，是好奇心征服了我，好奇心促使我爬上臺階。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：除了綠色的灌木叢和這些臺階，什么也沒有。A.nothing沒有什么；B.all全部；C.anything任何東西；D.everything所有事物。根據(jù)下文“Or,maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!”中的“nothing”可知，句中指的是除了綠色的灌木叢和這些臺階，什么特別的也沒有，“Therewas/isnothingbut…”意為“除了……什么也沒有”。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在天真黑了。A.cold冷的；B.dark黑暗的；C.scary恐怖的；D.tough艱苦的。根據(jù)上文“Iknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon”和下文“IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.”可知，探索前天就要黑了，如果我繼續(xù)走，我可能看不到回去的路，由此可知，天真的黑了。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我不早點回家，我媽媽會擔心死的。A.dead死的；B.mad瘋狂的；C.(worried)sick擔心死的；D.hurt受傷的。根據(jù)句意可知，如果我不早點回家，我媽媽會擔心我，“worriedsick”意為“擔心死的，擔心得要命”。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我焦急地上床睡覺，夢想著在這座神奇山頂上能找到什么。A.Worriedly擔心地；B.Angrily生氣地；C.Impatiently不耐煩地；D.Anxiously焦急地。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，我焦急地想去探索在山頂上到底能找到什么，由此可知，我是懷著焦急的心情上床睡覺的。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：也許我是冒著再也不能回家的風險。A.path小路；B.risk風險；C.chance機會；D.advantage優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)句中“nevercomingbackhome”可知，不能回家對我來說是一種風險，我是冒著再也不能回家的風險去爬山，“taketheriskof…”意為“冒……的風險”。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：但我內(nèi)心深處的某種東西促使我不惜一切代價爬上那座山。A.atnotime從不，絕不；B.insecret秘密地；C.atallcost不惜一切代價；D.onthespot當場，立即。根據(jù)下文“Icouldhardlywaittotrythis_____again.”可知，我迫不及待地想再次爬山，由此可知，我爬山的態(tài)度很堅決，會不惜一切代價爬上那座山。故選C項。28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想再次嘗試冒險。A.performance表演；B.habit習慣；C.routine常規(guī)；D.adventure冒險。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，我不知道在山頂會發(fā)現(xiàn)什么，甚至冒著再也不能回家的風險去爬山，由此可知，這對我來說是一次冒險。故選D項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都有疑惑和遺憾。A.doubts疑惑；B.reliefs寬慰；C.targets目標；D.motives動機。根據(jù)上文“Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can’tdo”attitudes.”可知，現(xiàn)在我們生活在一個被“不能做”的態(tài)度包圍的世界里，因為不能堅持攀登到山頂看看到底有什么，所以對山頂有什么充滿疑惑。故選A項。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：怪物可能會出現(xiàn)，或者夜幕會降臨。A.flee逃走；B.dream夢想；C.appear出現(xiàn)；D.conquer征服。根據(jù)下文“Butneverever_____yourdream!”可知，作者借爬山鼓勵我們不要放棄夢想，即使在山頂怪物可能會出現(xiàn)，也不要放棄攀登。故選C項。【31題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但永遠不要放棄你的夢想！A.watchoutfor密切注意，提防；B.giveupon對……感到絕望，放棄……；C.putupwith忍受；D.liveupto遵守，不辜負。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者借爬山鼓勵我們不要放棄夢想，無論遇到什么困難，也不要在意別人的看法，“giveupon”意為“對……感到絕望，放棄……”，符合語境。故選B項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ManyexcellentwarshipcrewshavebeentrainedonaircraftcarriertheLiaoningofthePeople’sLiberationArmyNavy.____32____theonlyfemaledeckoperationofficeronit,RemilaDabulofKazakethnicity(哈薩克族),whosestory____33____(report)bythemediainJanuary,hasattractedmuchpublicattention.Beforeworkingonthedeck,Remilawasaradarandtelephone____34____(operate).ButwhenshefirstsawaJ-15fighter____35____(take)off,theideaofworkingalongsideitcrossedhermind.Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame____36____(qualify).Duringherwork,Remilawearsabluehelmet,goggles,andbluesuits.AfteraJ-15lands,____37____sheneedstodoiscarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandrunto____38____fightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquic