Unit4HistoryandTraditionsDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版3

UNIT4DiscoveringUsefulStructures什么是定語用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征。形容詞名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞定語從句定語Attribute定語什么是定語Sheisastrongwoman.Therearetwogirlsintheroom.Thesmilinggirlneedsapenboughtbyhismother.什么是賓語補足語ObjectComplement賓語補足語在英語句子中，某些及物動詞或介詞后面需要賓語，還需要某個詞或詞組來補充說明賓語的性質(zhì)，屬性，狀態(tài)，程度等，這些詞或詞組被稱為賓語補足語。及物動詞/介詞+賓語(n./pron.)+賓語補足語(n./adj./adv./todo/-ing/-ed/介詞短語Thenewsmadeherhappy.Theyelectedherpresident.Sheaskedmetohelpher.Isawhimrunning.過去分詞是動詞的一種“變身形態(tài)”，主要用來表示

“被動”

或

“已完成”

的動作（比如“被打破的窗戶”“吃掉的蘋果”）。Thewindowisbroken.（窗戶被打破了。）→broken表示“窗戶被打破”的被動狀態(tài)。Ihaveeatenlunch.（我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。）→eaten表示“吃”的動作已完成。

過去分詞pastparticiple判斷下列劃線部分在句子中作什么成分1.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.2.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,…3.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,…4.TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,England-manypeopleareconfusedby...作定語作定語作賓補作定語及物動詞：必須“牽手”一個賓語（動作的對象），否則句子不完整。不及物動詞：可以“獨自美麗”，不需要賓語，句子也能完整Sheeatsanapple.→

動詞“eats”（吃）必須帶賓語“anapple”（蘋果），否則“她吃”不完整。Thebabysleeps.→

動詞“sleeps”（睡）不需要賓語。Pastparticipleastheattribute1.

意義：（1）及物動詞的過去分詞作定語：被修飾詞與該及物動詞之間通常為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示動作已完成，或只表示被動。

Tomdranksomeboiledwaterandhurriedtoschool.湯姆喝了一些白開水，就匆匆忙忙去學(xué)校了。（表示被動和完成）Whenhecameintopower,hedecidedtobealeaderlovedbyeveryone.當(dāng)他開始掌權(quán)時，他決定做一個受大家愛戴的領(lǐng)袖。（只表示被動）Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。（表示被動和完成）Pastparticipleastheattribute1.

意義：（2）不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示動作的完成，不表示被動，且常作前置定語。WhenIwokeupthenextmorning,Ifoundthegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.第二天早上醒來時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地上全是落葉。（只表示完成）Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太陽正明亮地閃耀著。（只表示完成）Pastparticipleastheattribute2.

位置：（1）單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，但left只作后置定語。Thebrokenvasehasbeenthrownoutside.那個碎了的花瓶被扔到外面去了。

Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。注意：單個的過去分詞修飾something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等復(fù)合不定代詞或those等指示代詞時，要放在這些詞的后面。Pastparticipleastheattribute2.

位置：（2）過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞后，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。IborrowedabookwrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.=Iborrowedabookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.我從圖書館里借了一本馬克·吐溫寫的書。

Pastparticipleastheattribute3.

過去分詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在動賓關(guān)系，表示一個已完成的動作?，F(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在主謂關(guān)系，它表示一個正在進行的動作。Thisisaletterwritteninblackink.這是一封用黑墨水寫的信。

AllthebooksborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedbynextSaturday.所有從圖書館借的書都得在下星期六前歸還。

Themanplantingtreesinfrontofthebuildingisourteacher.在大樓前面植樹的那個人是我們的老師。Exercise1.Theidea___________(present)byPeterismuchsimpler.2.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime___________(spend).3.Hismotherisa___________(retire)teacherandsheisverypatientwithchildren.4.Iwavedatthe___________(excite)childrenandsaidgoodbyetothem.5.Theexperience___________(gain)throughthisjourneywillhelpmegetoverdifficultiesinlifeinthefuture.presentedspentretiredexcitedgainedPastparticipleastheobjectcomplement1.用法過去分詞（短語）作賓補，用于“主語+謂語+賓語+賓補“句式，說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成過去分詞的動詞與賓語之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞主要有如下幾類：（1）表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如see，hear，feel，watch，notice，think，find等后面作賓語補足語。IheardtheEnglishsongsungtwiceinthenextroom.我聽到隔壁房間里唱了兩遍這首英文歌。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.當(dāng)他到達時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的工作都完成了。

Pastparticipleastheobjectcomplement1.用法（2）表示使役的動詞：get，let，make，have，keep等后面作賓語補足語。Ihavemyhaircuttwiceamonth.我每個月剪兩次頭發(fā)。（讓別人做）Maryhadherbikestolentheotherday.瑪麗的自行車在前幾天被人偷了。（遭遇不幸）Theiraimwastogetproductionstartedassoonaspossible.他們的目的是盡快開始生產(chǎn)。（主語自己也可能參加）Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.他們把門鎖了好長一段時間。（處于某種狀態(tài)）Pastparticipleastheobjectcomplement1.用法（3）表示“希望”“愿望”等意義的動詞，如want，wish，like，expect，order等后面作賓語補足語。Themanagerorderedtheworkfinishedattheendofthisweek.經(jīng)理要求在本周末完成這項工作。Theteacherdoesn’twishsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.老師不希望在課堂上討論這樣的問題。Hewantshiscompositionreadbyeveryclassmate.他想班里每個同學(xué)都讀一讀自己的作文。Pastparticipleastheobjectcomplement1.用法注意：兩個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)◆

作介詞的補足語，主要用于“with/without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”中。Withtheproblemsettled,hefeltquitehappy.隨著問題的解決，他感到相當(dāng)開心?！粼凇癶ave+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞作賓補，也可用get。有以下幾種含義：①意為主語“請別人做某事”。Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他想明天去檢查眼睛。Pastparticipleastheobjectcomplement1.用法②意為主語“遭遇、遭受某一不愉快的事情”。Becareful,oryou’llhaveyourhandshurt.小心點，不然會傷到手。③意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成。Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早將墻壁粉刷好了。練習(xí)1.不要讓窗戶一直像這樣破著。2.我們可以聽到大雨點敲打窗戶的聲音。3.解決了這個難題,老板滿意地笑了。Don'tleavethewindows(break)likethisallthetime.Wecanhearthewindows(beat)bytheheavyraindrops.Withthedifficultproblem(finish),thebosssmiledwithsatisfaction.brokenbeatenfinished1JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.Readthesentencesandunderlinethe-edformastheobjectcomplement.2Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.3WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.5Shehadacopyofthepaintingboxedtoensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.4JudyhadhereyesfixedonVanGogh'sSunflowers.Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.Rewritethesentenceswithpastparticiplesastheattribute.(1)LochNesswassurroundedbybeautifulnaturallandscape,whichmadeitlookamazing.___________________________________________________________(2)Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamilywhoofferedthembreadwithbutterandhoneythatwashomemade.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LochNesssurroundedbybeautifulnaturallandscapelooksamazing.Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamilywhoofferedthembreadwithhomemadebutterandhoney.(3)Thefamily'sancestorsonceattendedtosoldierswhowerewoundedintheFirstWorldWar._____________________________________________________________________(4)TheyoungpeoplewereattractedbythelegendofLochNess.Theywatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinoculars,whichwerepositionedonthehill.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheyoungpeopleattractedbythelegendofLochNesswatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinocularspositionedonthehill.Thefamily'sancestorsonceattendedtowoundedsoldiersintheFirstWorldWar.1.charge/t?ɑ?d?/n.收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電

搭配charge

(...)

for

...

（向……）收……的費用freeofcharge

免費chargesb.with(doing)sth.=accusesb.of

(doing)

sth.

控告/指控某人（做）某事takechargeof掌管，負責(zé)inchargeof...主管……，負責(zé)……（主語通常為人）inthechargeofsb.=insb.’scharge由某人掌管（主語通常為物）Thegovernmentwillprovideeducationfreeofchargeforstudentsinpoorareas.政府將為貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)生提供免費教育。2.announce/