句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)初中課程合集2課件牛津譯林版九年級英語下冊

句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位。句子的第一個字母必須大寫，結(jié)尾要有．？！句子句子成分Myfriend,Tom,foundhiswalletmissingyesterday.

Hewassad.主語S謂語V賓語O時間狀語定語主語S謂語V系動詞表語P同位語賓語補足語OC什么是句子成分？組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分有哪些？賓主謂定表同位狀補1.什么是主語(Subject-S)？主語是句子的主體，表示句子陳述的人/事物或動作的發(fā)出者】1Thegirlopenedawindow.2Helikesplayingbasketball.3Fourandfiveisnine.4Theoldneedourhelp.名詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞化的形容詞5Runningisgoodforhealth.6Tobecomeanurseismywish.7Whathesaidistrue.動詞不定式動名詞從句1.什么是主語(Subject-S)？主語是句子的主體，表示句子陳述的人或事物。一、圈出句中的主語。1.American

country

music

has

become

more

and

more

popular.

2.We

often

speak

English

in

class.

3.One-third

of

the

students

are

girls.

4.To

swim

in

the

river

is

a

great

pleasure.

5.Smoking

does

harm

to

the

health.

6.The

rich

should

help

the

poor.

7.When

we

are

going

to

have

an

English

test

has

not

been

decided.8.It

is

necessary

to

studyhard.

2.什么是謂語(Verb-V）？謂語是用來說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，通常位于主語之后，主要由動詞來充當(dāng)，分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語。1Heboughtablackpen.(1)簡單謂語：由【動詞或動詞短語】組成：2Hewasastudenttwoyearsago.3Helookedafterhissisteryesterday.表示動作表示狀態(tài)動詞短語1Ishouldgivethetickettoyouyesterday.(2)復(fù)合謂語：由【情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞】組成：2Ihavefinishedmyhomework.情態(tài)動詞+動詞助動詞+動詞2.什么是謂語(Verb-V）？謂語是用來說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，通常位于主語之后，主要由動詞來充當(dāng)，分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語。二、圈出句中的謂語。1.Jesscanfinishherhomeworkbyherself.2.Myteacherkeptthewholeclassquiet.3.Thetallmansatinfrontofme.4.Myfavoriteicecreamisonsaleatthestore.5.Theladycalledmyname.6.EllenandSueareworkingontheirproject.二、圈出句中的謂語。7.Thebirdskeptmeawakeallnight.8.Newpeoplemovedinnextdoortome.9.Mysisterwonfirstprizeonherproject.10.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.11.Ihavelearnedthreethousandwordssofar.12.ImetJanatdanceclassyesterday.3.什么是賓語（Object-O）？賓語是動作的對象，表示動作的承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞后面，即：動賓/介賓。1Lilyneedsourhelp.2Isawherlastmonth.3-Howmanyapplesdoyouwant?-Iwantthree.名詞代詞數(shù)詞4Shelikesdrawing.5Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.6動名詞動詞不定式名詞化的形容詞7Ithinkthatheisanhonestboy.從句3.什么是賓語（Object-O）？賓語是動作的對象，表示動作的承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞后面，即：動賓/介賓。Weshouldhelpthepoor.三、圈出句中的賓語。1.They

went

to

see

ashowyesterday.2.The

heavy

rainstoppedme.3.I

have

fivedictionaries.4.They

helped

the

old

yesterday.5.I

enjoy

listening

to

popular

music.6.I

think（that）he

is

fit

for

his

office.7.Mymummademeapizza.3.什么是賓語（Object-O）？賓語是動作的對象，表示動作的承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞后面，即：動賓/介賓。

?賓語的形式：①Ihithim.②Imakeher

acake.單賓語:動詞后只有一個對象雙賓語:動詞后有兩個對象

直接賓語（DO）間接賓語（IO）可接雙賓語的常見動詞及轉(zhuǎn)換：E.g.ImakeAmyacake.=Sheboughtmeapresentyesterday.=E.g.==ImakeacakeforAmy.Sheboughtapresentfor

meyeaterday.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語=動詞+直接賓語+for+間接賓語give,show,send,bring,lend,read,tell,write...Amyshowsapicturetome.Davidwrotealettertome.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語=動詞+直接賓語+to+間接賓語Amyshowsmeapicture.Davidwrotemealetter.make,buy,do,pay,play(演奏）...四、分辨句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1.Lend

me

your

dictionary,

please.2.Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.3.TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriestothechildreninMarch.4.Myfriendusuallywritesletterstome.5.Millieshowsmeapicture.4.什么是表語（Predicative-P）？?系動詞分類：類別例詞例句beSheisverykind.狀態(tài)系動詞feel、look、sound、smell、tasteTheflowerslookbeautiful.感官系動詞become、get、turn、growTheleavesturnyellow.變化系動詞keep、stay、remainWeshouldkeephealthy.持續(xù)系動詞seem、appearAmyseemsunhappy.表象系動詞表語位于系動詞之后，表示主語的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。口訣：妝感持續(xù)變好表語位于系動詞之后，表示主語的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。1Heisahandsomeboy.2Thiswatchishers.3Hewasthefirsttoleave.4Ifeelfreeinthecountryside.名詞短語代詞數(shù)詞形容詞4.什么是表語（Predicative-P）？5Don’tcometoseemewhenIamatwork.6Myhobbyispainting.7Mywishistobecomeanartist.8介詞短語動名詞動詞不定式從句表語位于系動詞之后，表示主語的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。Thequestioniswhetherhewillcome.4.什么是表語（Predicative-P）？五、圈出句中的表語。1.Our

teacher

of

English

is

an

American.2.Is

it

yours?3.The

weather

has

turned

cold.4.The

speech

is

exciting.5.Three

times

seven

is

twenty

one?

6.His

job

is

to

teach

English.7.His

hobbyis

playing

football.8.The

machine

must

be

out

of

order.

9.The

truth

is

that

he

has

never

been

abroad.

1Therearemanyappletreesinthevillage.2Myfathergoestoworkbybus.3Theteachergavethestudentseightpears.4名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞5.什么是定語（Attribute）？修飾名詞或不定代詞，起限定作用。分為前置定語和后置定語。Putthechildinthesleepingbag.定語+所修飾的名詞56Thegirlinaredhatismysister.7Iwantsomethingtoeat.8形容詞介詞短語動詞不定式5.什么是定語（Attribute）？修飾名詞或不定代詞，起限定作用。分為前置定語和后置定語。Itoldhersomethinginteresting.Thegirlwearingabluecoatismysister.分詞不定代詞+定語5.什么是定語（Attribute）？修飾名詞或不定代詞，起限定作用。分為前置定語和后置定語。10Thegirlwhoistalkingwithmymotherismyfriend.從句?定語的形式：ThecutegirlspeaksEnglish.ThegirlinbluespeaksEnglish.前置定語:后置定語:9ThemanhereisMrKing.副詞名詞+定語（定語從句）六、圈出句中的定語。1.Peoplethereareveryfriendly.2.Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.3.Thenextmanisateacher.4.Themannexttomeisateacher.5.TheboyunderthetreeisTom.6.Ihavesomethingtosay.六、圈出句中的定語。7.Guilin

is

a

beautiful

city.

8.China

is

a

developing

country;

America

is

a

developed

country.9.

Our

monitor

is

always

the

first.10.The

teaching

plan

has

been

worked

out.

11.

He

is

reading

an

article

about

how

to

learn

English.12.Theboycryingoverthereismybrother.

13.

ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.14.Thereare54studentsinourclass.15.Heboughtsomesleepingpills.16.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.六、圈出句中的定語。1Jamesansweredthequestionquickly.2Let’splayvolleyballintheschoolplayground.3Weshouldsavewatertoprotecttheearth.4WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenwenttotheparkwithmymum.副詞介詞短語不定式從句6.什么是狀語（Adverbial）？修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子，說明時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、條件、目的、方式等七、圈出句中的狀語。1.

Herunsveryslowly.2.How

about

meeting

again

at

six?

3.Shedidnt

go

to

the

party

because

of

the

rain.

4.I

shall

go

there

if

it

doesn’t

rain.5.Mr

Smith

lives

on

the

third

floor.七、圈出句中的狀語。6.HehaslearnedEnglishfortenyears.

7.

I

must

work

harderto

catch

up

with

the

others.

8.Let’smeetattheschoolgate.9.Toprotecttheearth,weshouldsavewater.10.Theystayedathome.1WecalltheparrotPolly.2Wemustkeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.3Iaskedhimtohelpme.4Pleasekeepthedogout.名詞形容詞不定式副詞7.什么是賓語補足語（ObjectComplement-OC)？用來補充說明賓語5IhearTomsinging.分詞7.什么是賓語補足語（ObjectComplement-OC)？用來補充說明賓語八、圈出句中的賓語補足語。1.Shealwayskeepsherroomclean.2.Johnwantshisbrothertostay.3.Weelectedhimmonitor.4.Thenewsmadethemhappy.5.Weconsiderhimakindman.6.Shefoundtheroomempty.7.Wemustkeepthedooropen.8.Thisvideomademesad.1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehanded

methenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.定語主語謂語間接賓語定語狀語狀語綜合練習(xí)

1-指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。賓語謂語6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotos

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeisgoingtovisitShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.表語定語狀語賓語主語謂語主語謂語表語11.Hewanted

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.Hefoundit

important

tomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelse

tosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.謂語狀語賓語真正賓語形式賓語定語賓語主語賓補16.Wouldyoupleasetellme

youraddress?17.Hesatthere.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomclean.19.Hesawamandancing.20.Theapplestastedsweet.間接賓語狀語直接賓語形式主語表語賓補表語句子結(jié)構(gòu)S+V(主語+謂語)1例:Shecried.SV找出以下句子中的主語和謂語：1.Hearrivedinthemorning.2.Birdscanfly.SVSV不及物動詞(vi.)S+V+P(主語+系動詞+表語)2例:Thesebooksarecomicbooks.SVP系動詞找出以下句子中的主語、系動詞和表語：1.Mymotherlookshappy.2.Thiswatchishers.SVPSVPS+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)3例:Angeliaearnedagoodscoreintheexam.Angeliaearnedascore.SVO找出以下句子中的主語、謂語和賓語：1.Tombrokehisleg.SVOSVO及物動詞(vt.)2.Icanlookaftermylittlesister.S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)4例:Myauntboughtmeabook.SVIODO及物動詞(vt.)間接賓語直接賓語“bought買”的直接對象是“abook一本書”而不是“me我”，所以a

book才是bought的直接賓語。找出以下句子中的主語、謂語、直接賓語和間接賓語：1.Heshowedmehispencilcase.SVIO間接賓語DO直接賓語S+V+O+OC(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)5例:Theycaughtthemanstealing.SVOOC找出以下句子中的主語、謂語、賓語和賓語補足語：1.Johnwantshisbrothertostay.2.Weshouldkeepourroomclean.及物動詞(vt.)SVOOCSVOOC?五種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)：

S+V(主語+謂語)

S+V+P(主語+系動詞+表語)

S+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)

S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)

S+V+O+OC(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)

S：Subject主語

V：Verb謂語O：Object賓語

P：Predicate表語OC：ObjectComplement賓語補足語?五種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Thegirlcomes.主語+謂語Step1Theboyhugsthegirl.主語+謂語+賓語Theboygivesthegirlarose.Step2Step3主語+謂語+間賓+直賓Step5Therosemakesthegirlhappy.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補Step4Theroseisbeautiful.主語+系動詞+表語Step6Theyareinlove.主語+系動詞+表語一起來收集珍珠吧！(1)Myfriendcriedloudlyyesterday.找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。C.S+VD.S+V+PA.S+V+OB.S+V+O+O(2)TheseasonfortheSpringFestivaliscoming.找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。A.S+V+OB.S+V+O+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P(3)Peoplethatliveinthecityvisitthemuseumeveryyear.找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。B.S+V+OC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V+IO+DOA.S+V+P(4)Sheboughthermotheranexpensivedressasagift.找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。B.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V+PA.S+V+O找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。(5)IheardthegirlsinginginEnglish.A.S+V+O+OCB.S+V+OC.S+V+PD.S+V(6)Forus,studyinghardisagoodway.找出句子的主干，并判斷屬于哪種句型。C.S+V+PD.S+V+OA.S+V+O+OCB.S+V+IO+DO?辨析S+V+O(主謂賓)和S+V+P(主系表)1Tomgotangry.2Tomgotafish.3Hebecomesarealman.判斷下列句子是哪種句型？S+V+PS+V+OS+V+P方法系動詞被替換為be動詞后，句子的語義基本不會改變。將系動詞替換成be動詞，語義基本不改變的，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。判斷下列句子是哪種句型？?辨析S+V+IO+DO(主謂雙賓)和S+V+O+OC(主謂賓賓補)方法雙賓：即兩個賓語，他們之間是沒有關(guān)系的；賓補：對前面賓語的補充說明，他們之間是有關(guān)系的。1Wemustkeepthedoorlocked.2Ithinkmybrotheracleverboy.3Mothermademybrotherablacksweater.S+V+O+OCS+V+O+OCS+V+IO+DOmakesb.

sth.九、判斷下列句子類型，在括號里填上相應(yīng)的序號。(A)S+V(B)S+V+O(C)S+V+P(D)S+V+IO+DO(E)S+V+O+OC()1.Itisdangerous.()2.Youmustwait.()3.Amyiswritingane-mail.()4.Thesingersangusanothersong.()5.Thesunrisesintheeasteverymorning.()6.DaddyboughtSimonanewdictionary.()7.Mr.Greenasksmetofinishthehomeworkontime.CABDADE十、判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Hesmiled.2.Timandhisfriendsareplayingfootballintheplayground.3.Sheisingoodhealth.4.Thisvideomademesad.5.Allthetouristsseemedhappy.S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+O+OCS+V+P6.Hegavemeabook.7.Shealwayskeepsherroomclean.8.IliveinBeijing.9.Youmusttreatherkindly.10.Mybrotherhasbecomeafamouswriter.S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+OCS+VS+V+OS+V+P十、判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。11.Jimstoodinfrontofthemirror.12.Iwantacupofcoffee.13.Weelectedhimpresident.14.Theystayedathome.15.Theplansoundsperfect.S+VS+V+OS+V+O+OCS+VS+V+P十、判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。16.Thetimepassedveryquickly.17.Theparkliesinthecenterofthecity.18.Hewalkstoschool.19.Someoneleftyouthisnote.20.Sheshowedmeherpictures.S+VS+VS+VS+V+IO+DOS+V+IO+DO十、判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。句子類型?按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類：句子類型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句簡單句即：只含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。①HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.（一對一）②TomandMikeareAmericanboys.③Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.（多對一）（一對多）主語+謂語并列句即：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起。①IlikeEnglishandIlikespeakingEnglish.②Hesaidsomething,butIdidn'thear.③Comeon,orwe‘llbelate.④Maryisanurse；Jackisadriver.簡單句+并列連詞/；+簡單句即：一個主句和一個或多個從句構(gòu)成的句子。復(fù)合句①Ithinkthatheisanhonestboy.②ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisLucy.名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）定語從句狀語從句主句+從句十、判斷下列句子的類型。1.Hesmiled.2.Timandhisfriendsareplayingfootballintheplayground.3.Parentsshouldn’tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.4.Thisvideomademesad.5.Tomknockedatthedooranditopened.6.Adoctori