隧道施工項(xiàng)目四隧道開挖ProjectTunnelexca

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

任務(wù)三隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)——隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)Task3Tunnelblastingdesign——Tunnelblastingdesign項(xiàng)目四隧道開挖Project4Tunnelexcavation2知識(shí)目標(biāo)通過本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)選擇方法；熟悉炸藥單耗的確定方法；掌握炸藥的分配原則。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldmastertheparameterselectionmethodoftunnelblastingdesign;Befamiliarwiththedeterminationmethodofexplosiveunitconsumption;Masterthedistributionprincipleofexplosives.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Learningobjectives3能力目標(biāo)通過本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，應(yīng)能初步進(jìn)行圍巖隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)；能繪制隧道鉆爆設(shè)計(jì)圖；具有安全意識(shí)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)工作態(tài)度。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,weshouldbeabletopreliminarilycarryouttheblastingdesignofsurroundingrocktunnel;Beabletodrawtunneldrillingandblastingdesigndrawings;Havesafetyawarenessandrigorousworkingattitude.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Learningobjectives一、炮眼數(shù)量

Ⅰ.Numberofholes1.CalculationformulaN:Thenumberofholes,excludingthenumberofemptyholeswithoutcharge;K-Unitexplosiveconsumption;S-Cut-offarea;α—Explosiveweightpermeterofcartridgeγ—Chargecoefficient,i.e.theratioofchargelengthtototallengthofblasthole.1.計(jì)算公式

N：炮眼數(shù)量，不包括未裝藥的空眼數(shù)；

K—單位炸藥消耗量；

S—開挖斷面積，；

α—每米藥卷的炸藥重量

γ—裝藥系數(shù)，即裝藥長度與炮眼全長的比值。二、隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)

Ⅱ.Tunnelblastingdesign根據(jù)下表確定炸藥單位耗藥量K：TheunitconsumptionKofexplosiveisdeterminedaccordingtothefollowingtable:2.經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)值參考表2.Referencetableofempiricalvalues3.經(jīng)驗(yàn)類比法確定根據(jù)類似工程爆破條件確定炮眼數(shù)目，然后根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)先布置掏槽眼，再根據(jù)地質(zhì)情況及開挖面的大小均勻布置周邊眼和輔助眼。3.EmpiricalanalogyAccordingtotheblastingconditionsofsimilarprojects,thenumberofblastholesisdetermined,andthenthecuttingholesarearrangedaccordingtotheexperience,andthentheperipheralholesandauxiliaryholesareevenlyarrangedaccordingtothegeologicalconditionsandthesizeoftheexcavationsurface.二、隧道爆破設(shè)計(jì)

Ⅱ.Tunnelblastingdesign二、炮眼深度

Ⅱ.Blastholedepth1.定義：眼口到眼底的垂直距離。2.如何確定炮眼深度：一般以循環(huán)進(jìn)尺作為炮眼深度。軟巖：循環(huán)進(jìn)尺一般在0.8~1.5m左右。硬巖：3~5m（根據(jù)機(jī)械的最大鉆進(jìn)深度、鉆眼的效率有關(guān)）1.Definition:Theverticaldistancefromeyemouthtofundus.2.Howtodeterminetheholedepth:Generally,circularfootageisusedasholedepth.Softrock:thecyclicfootageisgenerallyabout0.8~1.5m.Hardrock:3~5m(relatedtothemaximumdrillingdepthofmachineryanddrillingefficiency)三、裝藥量的計(jì)算及分配

Ⅲ.Calculationanddistributionofchargequantity1.總裝藥量采用體積公式計(jì)算：Q=kV（kg）K—爆破每立方米巖石所需炸藥的消耗量V—一個(gè)循環(huán)進(jìn)尺所爆落的巖石總體積，V=LS；L—計(jì)劃循環(huán)進(jìn)尺；S—開挖面積。1.TotalchargeCalculatedbyvolumeformula:q=kV(kg)K-ExplosiveconsumptionpercubicmeterofrockforblastingV-Thetotalvolumeofrockblastedbyacyclefootage,v=LS;L-Plannedcyclicfootage;S-Excavationarea.2.分配：原則：掏槽眼的裝藥量最多，其次是底眼，然后是輔助眼，周邊眼的裝藥量最少。分配：掏槽眼：最多；中硬巖90~95%輔助眼：次之周邊眼：最少；軟巖：40~190g/m硬巖：300~400g/m底眼：多q單孔=qaWLλ單孔藥卷量：以半卷，整卷計(jì)量為宜三、裝藥量的計(jì)算及分配

Ⅲ.Calculationanddistributionofchargequantity2.Distribution:Principle:Thechargingamountofthecuttingeyeisthemost,followedbythebottomeye,thentheauxiliaryeye,andthechargingamountoftheperipheraleyeistheleast.Allocation:Cuthole:maximum;Mediumhardrock90~95%Auxiliaryeye:SecondPeripheraleyes:Theleast;Softrock:40~190g/MHardrock:300~400g/MBottomhole:multipleQsinglehole=qawLλVolumeofsingleholedrugroll:halfrollandwholerollaresuitable四、裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)

Ⅳ.Chargestructure1.定義：裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)是指繼爆藥藥卷和起爆藥藥卷在炮眼中的布置方法。2.分類（1）按起爆藥卷的位置正向起爆：將起爆藥卷放在眼口藥卷位置上，雷管集中穴能量向眼底傳遞，并用炮泥堵塞眼口。反向起爆：將起爆藥卷放在眼底藥卷位置上，雷管集中穴朝外傳遞，并用炮泥堵塞眼口隧道爆破多采用反向起爆，將起爆藥放到眼底位置。1.Definition:Chargestructurereferstothearrangementmethodofthesecondaryexplosivevolumeandthedetonatorvolumeintheguneye.2.Classification(1)AccordingtothepositionoftheexplosiverollPositiveinitiation:placethedetonatorrollontheholerollposition,andthedetonatorcentralizestheenergyoftheholetotheeyebottom,andblockstheholewithgunpowder.Reverseinitiation:placethedetonatorrollonthepositionoftheeye-floordrugroll,andthedetonatorconcentratedpointistransmittedoutward,andtheholemouthisblockedwithgunpowderThereverseinitiationisoftenusedintunnelblasting,andthedetonatorisplacedintheeyebottomposition.1.定義：裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)是指繼爆藥藥卷和起爆藥藥卷在炮眼中的布置方法。2.分類（2）按裝藥的連續(xù)性連續(xù)裝藥：把藥卷一個(gè)緊接一個(gè)地裝入炮眼，直至把該炮眼需用量裝完。間隔裝藥：是在炮眼底部先裝入一個(gè)起爆藥卷，然后間隔一定距離裝半個(gè)藥卷，在隔一定距離再裝半個(gè)藥卷…直到預(yù)計(jì)藥量裝填完畢。掏槽眼、底眼、輔助眼采用連續(xù)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)。周邊眼優(yōu)選小直徑藥卷連續(xù)裝藥或大直徑藥卷間隔裝藥1.Definition:chargestructurereferstothearrangementmethodofsecondaryexplosiverollandprimaryexplosiverollinthegunhole.2.Classification(2)AccordingtothecontinuityofchargeContinuouscharging:thechargerollisloadedintotheholeoneafteranotheruntiltherequiredamountoftheholeisfilled.Intervalcharging:firstloadaprimerrollatthebottomofthegunhole,thenloadhalfarollatacertaindistance,andthenloadhalfarollatacertaindistance...Untiltheexpectedchargeisfilled.Thecuttinghole,bottomholeandauxiliaryholeadoptcontinuouschargingstructure.Theperipheraleyeispreferablysmalldiameterrollcontinuouschargeorlargediameterrollintervalcharge四、裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)

Ⅳ.Chargestructure五、起爆方法和起爆順序

Ⅴ.Initiationmethodandsequence采用導(dǎo)爆管起爆法。還應(yīng)根據(jù)各種炮眼所起的作用來確定起爆順序。一般是先掏槽眼、輔助眼、底板眼、周邊眼。NONELtubeinitiationmethodwasused.Theinitiationsequenceshallalsobedeterminedaccordingtotheroleofvariousblastholes.Generally,thecuttinghole,auxiliaryeye,bottomplateeyeandperipheraleyearecutfirst.五、起爆方法和起爆順序

Ⅴ.Initiationmethodandsequence炮眼布置圖

Holelayout爆破參數(shù)表

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