考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解B節(jié)(新題型)分類精講社會(huì)倫理類

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解B節(jié)(新題型)分類精講社會(huì)倫理類-(一)

(總分：100.00,做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)

一、SectionIIReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：5,分?jǐn)?shù)：100.00)

Throughouthistoryandthroughacross-sectionofcultures,womenhavetransformedtheir

appearancetoconformtoabeautyideal.AmericanandEuropeanwomenlivedinthe1800scinched

intheirwaistssotightlythatsomesufferedinternaldamage.TheNorthAmericanidealofbeauty

hascontinuallyfocusedonwomen'sbodies:thetinywaistoftheVictorianperiod,andthe

voluptuouscurvesthatwerethemeasureofbeautybetweenthe1930sand1950s.

(1)

However,thisrelentlesspursuitofthinnessisnotjustanexampleofwomentryingtolooktheir

best;itisalsoastruggleforcontrol,acceptanceandsuccess.

(2)

Oneofthenegativepsychologicalsideeffectsassociatedwitheatingdisordersisthepatient's

distortionoftheirownbodyimage,bodyimagebeingdefinedasthepictureapersonhasinhis

mindofhisownbody,thatis,thewayhisbodyappearstohim.Manywomenwhoarecaughtupin

therelentlesspursuitofthinnessalsoexperiencesomedegreeofdisturbedbodyimage.

⑶

(4).Womenwithperfectlynormalbodiesseethemselvesasbeingheavy;sothatthedefinition

of"normal"becomesinaccurateandthisperceivednormalcyisrepresentedbyaverysmall

percentageofwomen.Itfollowsthatifbodyimageissocloselylinkedtoself-image,itis

importantforwomentolearntofeelcomfortablewiththebodytheylivein,despiteany

“imperfections”.

(5).Advertisingisamajorvehicleforpresentingimagesandformingattitudes.Themajority

ofadsincorporateyoung,beautiful,slendermodelstopresenttheirproductsandservices.While

individualadsmaynotbeseenasabigissue,itisthecumulative,unconsciousimpactthathas

aneffectonattitudestowardwomen,andinwomen'sattitudestowardthemselves.Aswomenare

consistentlyexposedtothesefeminineformsthroughbothprintandtelevision,itbecomes

difficulttodistinguishwhatisnormal,andevenmoredifficultnottocomparethemselvesto

thisform.

A.Theexperiencesandpracticesofwomenwho"simplydiet“arenotradicallydifferentfromthose

whoarediagnosedwitheatingdisorders.Forsomewomen,achievingthe"perfect"bodyformbecomes

themostimportantgoalinlife.

B.Currentstandardsemphasizeatoned,slenderlook,onethatexudesfitness,youth,andhealth.

AccordingtopsychologistEvaSzekely,“Havingtobeattractiveatthistimemeansunequivocally

havingtobethin.InNorthAmericatoday,thinnessisapreconditionforbeingperceivedbyothers

andoneselfashealthy”.

C.Theimagesthatarepresentedinadvertisingaredesignedtocreateanillusion,afantasy

idealthatwillkeepwomencontinuallyconsuming.Advertisersarewellawareoftheinsecurities

thatmostwomenfeelabouttheirownbodies.

D.Sowhyduringthisprocessofdevelopmentsomanywomenbecomedissatisfied,self-critical,

andjudgmentalabouttheirownbodies?Oneofthereasonsmayhavetodowiththemediaandvarious

formsofadvertising.Adssellmorethanjustproducts;theypresentanideaofnormalcy,who

weareandwhoweshouldbe.

E.Whilewomencontinuetostruggleforequalityonaneconomicscaleandwithintheir

relationships,theysti11maintaincontrolovertheirownbodies.Itisimportantthatwomenbegin

toacceptthemselvesforwhotheyare,regardlessoftheirbodytype,andtofeelcomfortable

withthebodytheylivein.

F.Inattemptingtomouldtheirappearancetomeetthecurrentideal,numerouswomenareliterally

starvingthemselvestodeath.Theincidenceofeatingdisordershasdoubledduringthelasttwo

decades.Thisincreaseisnolongerlimitedtowomenintheirteensandtwenties,butis

increasinglydiagnosedinpatientsintheirthirtiesandforties.

G.Feelingsaboutbodyarecloselyrelatedtoawoman，ssenseofself;thebodyisperceivedas

acceptableorunacceptable,providingafoundationforself-concept.Itisalarming,then,that

almost80%ofwomenthinkthey*reoverweight.Bodyimagehasverylittletodowiththewaya

personactuallylooks;manywomenwhoappeartofittheidealbodytypeareactuallydissatisfied

withtheirappearance.

(分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00)

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：B)

解析：［解析］文章開頭提到了女人對(duì)美麗形象認(rèn)識(shí)的歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程，隨后，舉例說(shuō)明了維多利亞時(shí)期，美

麗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是細(xì)腰、性感?？v觀選項(xiàng)，可知B項(xiàng)的主要內(nèi)容就是當(dāng)今社會(huì)美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么，與前文在時(shí)間上

構(gòu)成承接關(guān)系。另外空格處下文開頭就提到對(duì)這個(gè)瘦身的追求(ihisrelentlesspursuitofthinness--),

說(shuō)明瘦身(thinness)在前文肯定出現(xiàn)過(guò)。結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)可以推斷出B項(xiàng)正確。

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：F)

解析：［解析］空格處前文提到瘦身意味著努力控制，而F項(xiàng)就談到了女人通過(guò)控制飲食的方式極力追求外

表的改變，以期達(dá)到目前美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，很顯然，這里承接的是上一小段提到的內(nèi)容。另外，下一段第一句談

到了瘦身對(duì)心理的負(fù)面影響(女人錯(cuò)誤定位自身形象)，而F項(xiàng)主要是談?wù)撌萆韼?lái)的身體上的負(fù)面影響(飲

食失調(diào))，與后文銜接緊密，構(gòu)成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)的干擾性比較強(qiáng)，其中提到了上文中所說(shuō)的對(duì)身體的控制

力，但是后半部分提到女人應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)自己的身材滿意與后文不斷重復(fù)提到的追求瘦身不

符，故排除。

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：A)

解析：［解析］上文談到這些追求瘦身的女人也經(jīng)歷過(guò)某種程度上的自我形象扭曲。A項(xiàng)承接上文，繼而提

出這些女人的經(jīng)歷與那些飲食失調(diào)的女人的經(jīng)歷沒(méi)什么不同.她們共同的目標(biāo)都是獲得完美的體型。因此

A項(xiàng)正確。

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：G)

解析：［解析］本段主要是談女人對(duì)身體的感受與她們對(duì)自己身體的看法的關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)也是如此。尤其是在

G項(xiàng)中最后一句，作者提到“許多看上去符合理想身材的女人實(shí)際上對(duì)自己的外表不滿意”。而下文也提

到“身材完全正常的女人認(rèn)為自己太重”等，說(shuō)明身材正常的人如何仍然不滿意自己的外表。

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：D)

解析：［解析］本段談廣告是如何影響女人看待自己身體的。與廣告相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)有C、D兩項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)主要談

論廣告中的形象促使女人消費(fèi)，但是這里提到的形象(theimages)上文并未提及，C項(xiàng)存在文意表達(dá)不明

的情況。而D項(xiàng)承接上文提出疑問(wèn)“為什么女人會(huì)對(duì)自我形象不滿”，緊接著，作者指出廣告和媒體是造

成這個(gè)情況的原因之一。正好與下文所闡述的廣告影響女人對(duì)自我形象的定位一致，故選D項(xiàng)。

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinition

ofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassificationtheabnormal.

Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften"makethenews”.

(1).Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsource

foranewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchof

government-thewatchdogbranchthatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

(2).Othersarecalled“generalassignmentreporters”,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavariety

ofstoriessuchasaccidents,civileventsandhuman-intereststories.Dependingonanewspaper*s

needsduringthedailynewscycle,seasonedreporterseasilyshiftbetweenbeatand

general-assignmentwork.(Newreportersoncewerecalledcubs,butthetermisnolongerused.)

(3).Theyareourchroniclersofdailylife,sorting,siftingandbringingasenseoforderto

adisorderlyworld.

(4).Othereditors一sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary,forexample一may

alsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

（5）

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter*srawcopy,thestorymovesfrom

thecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision—thecopy

desk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspel1ingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor

“holes"inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Ifnecessary,

copyeditorsmaycheckfactsinthenewspaper*slibrary,whichmaintainsalargecollectionof

referencebooks,microfilmandonlinecopiesofstoriesthathaveappearedinthepaper.

A.Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermay

havenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.

Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseesthe

day-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.

B.Reportersareanewspaper*sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersgleaninformationfrommany

sources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.

C.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination,withpersonalcomputersusing

softwareavallableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethree

programsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

D.However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.

Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstories,

enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters'rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputer

network.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwi11andwi11

notappearinthenextday*spaper.

E.Beforeweseewhathappenstotheelectronicpagesbuiltbythecopydesk,itwillbehelpful

tounderstandhowotherdivisionsofthenewspaperscontributetotheproductioncycle.

F.Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,

education,business,medicineandsoforth.

G.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenziedanddangerousjobsastheyliveafamous

pronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.

Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,

newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

（分?jǐn)?shù):20.00）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：B）

解析：［解析］空格處下文談到了記者寧愿坐牢也不會(huì)輕易透露消息來(lái)源，而B項(xiàng)談的恰恰是記者可以多渠

道獲取新聞消息。正好與下文相互呼應(yīng)，這兩部分都是談?wù)撔侣劦南?lái)源。故選B項(xiàng)。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：F）

解析：［解析］本段總體上主要談?wù)摰氖怯浾叩膱?bào)道領(lǐng)域。后半部分提到一般責(zé)任記者的報(bào)道領(lǐng)域主要是日

常生活中發(fā)生的各類事件，由此可知，空格處所需填的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是另一類記者的報(bào)道領(lǐng)域。F項(xiàng)主要提到

的就是有一類記者負(fù)責(zé)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的報(bào)道，例如教育、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療等，這與下文的一般責(zé)任記者形成對(duì)比關(guān)

系。另外，文章用詞也給予我們一定的提示。Somereporters與others（相當(dāng)于otherreporters）形成對(duì)

比。故F項(xiàng)正確。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：G）

解析：［解析］本段所給的內(nèi)容中提到記者是“日常生活的記錄者”（ourchroniclersofdailylife）,

而G項(xiàng)最后一句指出絕大部分記者的工作內(nèi)容就是“日常生活（routine）”。由此可見，本段的后半部分是

對(duì)G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的擴(kuò)展延伸。這里的daily1ife與routine屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)換。G項(xiàng)提到在電影中記者的工作是危

險(xiǎn)、發(fā)狂的，接著轉(zhuǎn)折提出現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中記者的工作趨于平淡。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：A）

解析：［解析］本段所給的內(nèi)容中提到其他編輯(othereditors)的職責(zé)內(nèi)容，同時(shí)也提到了總編(the

managingeditor)o只有A項(xiàng)中提到編輯部門各種人物的職責(zé)并且在該選項(xiàng)最后一句提到了總編，與下文

承接緊密。A項(xiàng)正確。

填空項(xiàng)1：(正確答案：D)

解析：［解析］文章上一段介紹了各種編輯的職責(zé)，I)項(xiàng)承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹編輯部門中新聞編輯主任的職

責(zé),同時(shí)，文章下一段第一句上半句也提到了新聞編輯主任的職責(zé)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)在本文中起了承上啟

下的作用。D項(xiàng)正確。

A.〃Ijustdon,tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We'reinabudgetcrunchandI

haveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we'11probablyhavetolaysome

peopleoffinthenearfuture.Il'shardformetomakethejobinterestingandchallengingbecause

itisn't—it'sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn'tmuchyoucandoaboutit.”

B.”Finally,Ican'tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheir

paperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit*snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremore

likelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthanforsomespecific

outstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofill

outforms.Al1throughtheircareeritisthearrestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.”

C.〃I'vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,

andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronawalk.Theyseemtolikethecontact

theyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionof

criminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.?，

D.”SomepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingsIikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformance

criterion.However,weknowthat*snotfair一toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperwork

increasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn*tnecessarilymeanyou*11

win.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguys

caughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetition,

andtheyfiguredwhytheyshouldlaborwhentherewasnopayoff.

E.”Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecause

theydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.Thislackofattentionhurts

uslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factualreports.Theymustbehighlydetailed

andunambiguous.Assoonasonepartofareportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therest

ofthereportissuspect.Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyother

factor.〃

F.〃SoIjustdon'tknowwhattodo.I'vebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.AndI

hopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuture

work.〃

G.Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,

managersandexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthe

topictobediscussedwasmotivation一howwecangetpub1icservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.

Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.

Order:

（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：O

解析：［解析］本文笫I段G項(xiàng)在文章中的位置已經(jīng)給出。第1段講到，一個(gè)大都市的市政府召集各部門管

理人員來(lái)研討如何激勵(lì)公務(wù)員做好工作。討論過(guò)程中，一位警察局長(zhǎng)遇到的難題成了討論的中心問(wèn)題。C

項(xiàng)一開頭就點(diǎn)出了話題“我與下屬警員的關(guān)系上遇到一個(gè)難題”。與上文最后一句相呼應(yīng)，接著警長(zhǎng)開始

評(píng)論他的下屬。

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：E）

解析：［解析］C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是警長(zhǎng)先從正面來(lái)評(píng)論他的下屬警員。但C項(xiàng)一開頭警長(zhǎng)說(shuō)是遇到一個(gè)難題。由此

可見，下一段他要講難題的具體內(nèi)容。E項(xiàng)正好與此相銜接。即下屬警官中存在的問(wèn)題：?jiǎn)栴}發(fā)生在他們

回到警察局來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們討厭寫公文。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：A）

解析：［解析］E項(xiàng)告訴我們，警長(zhǎng)說(shuō)，警官們不愛寫公文，由此帶來(lái)了一系列的麻煩事。本段的最后一句

總結(jié)了不認(rèn)真寫公文報(bào)告的危害性。A項(xiàng)中警長(zhǎng)接著講，如何去解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢？如何去激勵(lì)他們做好工作

呢?可見A項(xiàng)與上文在邏輯上保持了連貫性。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：B）

解析：［解析］A項(xiàng)中警長(zhǎng)談到，公文報(bào)告工作做得不好的警官有可能被裁減。B項(xiàng)接著談到，警長(zhǎng)說(shuō)到，

他也不能用職務(wù)晉升來(lái)激勵(lì)下屬警官做好公文報(bào)告工作，并說(shuō)明了原因。

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：D）

解析：［解析］從上一段內(nèi)容看，警長(zhǎng)真是毫無(wú)辦法。那么其他人是如何看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題的呢?D項(xiàng)接著說(shuō)，

有人建議通過(guò)勝訴記錄來(lái)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，他們也進(jìn)行過(guò)小組之間的比賽，但收效甚微。最后一段F項(xiàng)緊扣上文，

因?yàn)榫L(zhǎng)說(shuō)，他希望，”在這次研討會(huì)上針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題能得到一些啟發(fā)并幫助他做好以后的工作”。可見，

D項(xiàng)使上下文融會(huì)貫通。

Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.Therearetwo

kinds.Oneisthefamiliar"tombstone"thatlistswhereyouwenttoschoolandwhereyou*veworked

inchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe“functional“resume-descriptive,funto

read,uniquetoyouandmuchmorelikelytolandyouaninterview.

Il'shandytohaveatombstone/zforcertainoccasions.Butprospectiveemployersthrowawaymost

ofthoseunrequested"tombstone“l(fā)ists,preferringtointerviewthequickratherthanthedead.

Whatfo11owsaretipsonwritingafunctionalresumethatwi11getread一aresumethatmakesyou

comealiveandlookinterestingtoemployers.

1.Putyourselffirst:

Inordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwithenthusiasm,youhavetofeelimportantabout

yourself.

2.Sei1whatyoucando,notwhoyouare:

Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsandachievementsinto

skillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.

Tootyourownhorn!

Manypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.Somethinktheyhavenoneatall!

Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbetheticketanemployerwou1dbegladtopunch一if

onlyyoushowit.

3.Bespecific,beconcrete,andbebrief!

Rememberthat"brevityisthebestpolicy./z

4.Turnbadnewsintogood:

Everybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,lookforthepositive

side.

5.Neverapologize:

Ifyou'rereturningtotheworkforceafterfifteenyearsasaparent,simplywriteashortparagraph

（summaryofbackground）inplaceofachronologyofexperience.Don*tapologizeforworkingat

beingamother;it'sthehardestjobofall.Ifyouhavenospecialtrainingorhighereducation,

justdon'tmentioneducation.

Thesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustartwritingaboutyourself.Takefourorfive

hoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,andsimplywritedowneveryaccomplishmentinyourlife,

onoroffthejob,thatmadeyoufeeleffective.Don*tworryatfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.

Studythelistandtrytospotpatterns.Asyoustudyyourlist,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:

identifyingyourmarketableskills.Onceyoudiscoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterof

accomplishments（1eadershipski1Is,budgetmanagementski1Is,chi1ddevelopmentskillsetc.）Try

tolistatleastthreeaccomplishmentsunderthesameskillsheading.Nowstartwritingyourresume

asifyoumattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveralweeks,beforeyou,rereadyto

showittoastranger（friendsareusuallytookind）forareaction.Whenyou'resatisfied,send

ittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiortophotocopies.Itshowsanemployerthatyou

regardjobhuntingasseriouswork,worthdoingright.

Isn'tthatthekindofpersonyou,dwantworkingforyou?

A.Awomanwholostherjobasateacher*saidecluetoacutbackingovernmentfundingwrote:

/zPrincipalofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteacher,saideshewouldrehireifgovernment

fundsbecameavailable.

B.OneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:Invitedbymysuperiortostraightenoutour

organization*saccountsreceivable.Setuporderlyrepaymentschedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,

andimprovedcashflow100percent.Rewardedwithraiseandpromotion.Noticehowthiswoman

focusesonresults,specifieshowsheaccomplishedthem,andmentionsherreward-allin34words.

C.Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoney

managementskills.

D.Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosinganopportunityduetothestatement

“Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated.*

E.Oneofmyformercolleagues,forexample,wrotethreeresumesinthreedifferentstylesin

ordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theonethathighlights

skillsandeducationbackground.

F.Awomanoncetoldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisheremployerhadfaced.She,dagreedtowork

withoutpayforthreemonthsuntiIbusinessimproved.Herrewardwasherbackpayplusa20percent

bonus.Iaskedwhythatmarvelousstorywasn*tinherresume.Sheanswered,“Itwasn*timportant.z，

WhatshewasreallysayingofcoursewasTmnotimportant./

（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：F）

解析：［解析］第1題的小標(biāo)題是Putyourselffirst（把自己放在第一位）。此段首句進(jìn)行了解釋，“要

想讓自己的簡(jiǎn)歷使讀的人充滿熱情，那么你首先就要覺(jué)得自己是個(gè)人物”。F項(xiàng)就是從反面說(shuō)明了這一觀

點(diǎn)。作者通過(guò)例子說(shuō)明，不要認(rèn)為自己做過(guò)的事情不值一提。

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：O

解析：［解析］第2題的小標(biāo)題是Sei1whatyoucando,notwhoyouarc（要強(qiáng)調(diào)能力而不是性格），下

面的文字進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明要練習(xí)學(xué)會(huì)把自己的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)、品格和成就詮釋成具體的技能，在職場(chǎng)中至少有5000

種技能（意思是，你總能找到一種自己擁有的技能）。C項(xiàng)最貼切：例如，如果你有節(jié)約、投資、管理錢財(cái)

的天分，那么你擁有理財(cái)?shù)哪芰Α?/p>

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：B）

解析：［解析］第3題的小標(biāo)題是Bespecific,beconcrete,andbrief!（要具體、簡(jiǎn)潔!）B項(xiàng)以一個(gè)成

功的例子說(shuō)明了這點(diǎn)，一位女士?jī)H用了34個(gè)詞就簡(jiǎn)潔明了地把重點(diǎn)說(shuō)清楚了。

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：A）

解析：［解析］第4題的小標(biāo)題是Turnbadnewsintogood（把壞消息變?yōu)楹孟ⅲ＝又问拙鋵懙溃好?/p>

個(gè)人在工作中總有不盡如人意的地方。如果你不得不提到這些事，那么從積極、正面的角度去看。A項(xiàng)就

是一個(gè)正面的例子。一個(gè)女助教因?yàn)檎s減資金而被解雇。這似乎不大光彩，但是這位女士談起此事時(shí)

卻用了另一個(gè)角度，“小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)得到政府撥款后我是她會(huì)重新雇傭的唯一一名助教”，字里行間洋溢著

自信。

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：D）

解析：［解析］第5題的小標(biāo)題是Neverapologize（不要道歉）。下面的文字舉例說(shuō)明要揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短。每個(gè)人

都有短處，沒(méi)有必要為自己的短處羞愧。求職就是要讓雇主看到自己的閃光點(diǎn)。個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷不是進(jìn)行道歉的

地方。D項(xiàng)以一個(gè)失敗的例子說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)：作者的一位朋友說(shuō)他求職時(shí)遭到了歧視，因?yàn)樗暮?jiǎn)歷中寫

了“好學(xué)，但教育程度不高”。

Certainactivistlawyershavegrabbedheadlinesrecentlyintheircampaigntograntlegalrights,

first,tochimpanzeesandthentootheranimals.(1).

Proponentsofanimalrightsbuildtheircasewiththesearguments:(1)certainanimalsshare

qualitiesofconsciousnessthathaveheretoforebeenseenasuniquelyhuman;(2)animalsare:

brutalizedinresearch;(3)researchwithanimalshasbeenmadeobsoletebycomputersandother

technologies.

(2).Lastly,andperhapsmostimportantly,thereisnosubstituteforanimalresearchto

understandbiologicalprocessesthataffectalivingorganism.Thinkofitthisway:Whyusecostly

animalsifequallyusefulnon-animalresearchtoolswereavailable?

(3).Witheverymedicalbreakthroughofthepastcenturythedirectresultofanimal-based

research,suchresearchisnotonlyethical,butisourobiigation.

(4).PhilosopherPeterSingerfirstmadetheargumentthatsomeanimalsoughttocountas"persons”,

whereasmentallydefectivehumansshouldnotandthatthelivesofhealthyanimalsoughttobe

weighedequallywithhumanbeings.SingersaysparentsofanewbornwithDown*ssyndromewould

bejustifiedinendingherlifetomakeroomintheirlivesforababywithnormalintelligence.

RecalI,though,thatNaziGermanyusedthesamekindofpersonhoodcriteriontojustifykilling

thephysicallyandmentallyhandicapped.

⑸.

Animalsarenotlittlepersons:Thenecessityofdistinguishingbetweenapersonandanimalstrikes

attheheartofthedilemmafacedbyascientistwhoisveryfondofanimals,yetwhousesthem

inresearch.Ihavecometorealizetheobvious:Wedecidewhatanimalsaretobeinrelation

tous.Iadoremycat,Buster,butIalsousedmembersofhisspeciesinmyresearchforyears.

A.Theybelievethattheseanimalsdeservelegalprotection,includinganendtotheiruseas

subjectsofmedicalresearch.Asaresearchscientistwhofor40yearshasusedanimalsinsleep

studies,Iamdeeplyconcerned.

B.Wehaveagreatobligationtotheanim