《英語修辭學(xué)》課件 Lecture 2 Rhetoric of Wrds

EnglishRhetoric英語修辭學(xué)CommunicativeRhetoric

交際修辭EnglishRhetoricofWords

詞匯修辭Topicscoveredinthislecture1.DefinitionofRhetoricofwords

2.DefinitionsofDenotationandconnotation

3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture1.DefinitionofRhetoricofwords

Rhetoricofwordsisabranchofknowledgedealingwitheffectiveuseofwordsinourwritingandspeaking.詞匯修辭是研究用詞效果的學(xué)問。1.DefinitionofRhetoricofwords

Thischapter,basedonthenecessaryfactorsinchoosingwordsfor

clearness,accuracy,effectivenessandappropriateness,

probesintodifferentfunctionsofwords,suchas:denotativewordsandconnotativewords,1.DefinitionofRhetoricofwords

synonymsand

antonyms,homonyms,

shortwordsandlong

words,formalwordsandinformal

words

generalwordsandspecificwords,etc.

2.DefinitionsofdenotationandconnotationThemeaningofawordisdividedintodenotationandconnotation.Whatisdenotation?Andconnotation？1)Denotationistheliteralordirectmeaningofawordasiswritteninthedictionary.e.g.:Apigisananimal.

2.Denotationandconnotation2)While

connotation

isthereader’sorlistener’semotionalresponsetoawordandtotheassociationscarriedbytheword.e.g.:Heisapig.(Heislazy,dirtyandgreedy.)2.DenotationandconnotationAnotherexample,thedenotativeordictionarymeaningofthewordroseDenotation:roseisthebrightly-colored,sweet-smellingflower

ofabushwithpricklysternsanddividedleavesConnotation:

love2.DenotationandconnotationTheconnotationofawordmaychangewithindividuals.Forexample,

beefconnotesdistasteforavegetarianthoughforothersitisgreat.2.

DenotationandconnotationWhilethedenotationofawordisrelativelyfixedandthesametoallusersofthelanguage,itsconnotationmaybedifferentforthepeoplewithdifferent

historical,social,political,culturalandethnicandethicalbackgrounds.2.DenotationandconnotationTheconnotationofawordalsocanbegeneral.e.g.:formostpeople,motherconnoteslove,care,andprotection;burglar--(associatedwith)dangeranddisgust;

oasis---lifeandhope;

desert---

deathanddespair3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture1)ant:prudence/prudent(謹(jǐn)慎)2)ape:

malice/malicious3)ass,donkey:stupidity;stubbornness

asstupidasanassMakeanassofoneself做蠢事，鬧笑話3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture4)

bat:Blindness/blind

asblindasabat5)bear:ill-temper/ill-tempered/bad-mannered/rudee.g.:Heisabear.(Heisill-tempered3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture6)bee:industry

asbusyasabee7)

bull:

strength,awkwardness;

straightforwardnessabullhead頑固的人Whatiscalledabullmarket?Andbearmarket?3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulturebullmarket:

onthestockmarket,bullsarepeoplewhobuysharesinexpectationofapricerise,inordertomakeaprofitbysellingthesharesagainafterashorttime.Bearmarket:isasituationonthestockmarketwhenpeoplearesellingalotofsharesbecausetheyexpectthattheshareswilldecreaseinvalueandthattheywillbeabletomakeaprofitbybuyingthemagainafterashorttime.3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture8)

butterfly:sportiveness;livinginpleasuree.g.:Sheisasocialbutterfly.(Sheisgoodatsocialactivities.)havebutterfliesinone’sstomach:

(feelnervousorexcitedaboutsth.)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture9)

cricket:happiness

aslively/merry/happyasacricket3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture10)cat:deceit

aCheshirecat:grinningtheCheshirecatinAliceinWonderlandaCheshirecatsmile:grinninglikeaCheshirecatinAliceinWonderland3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture

afatcat:

abusinessmanorpolitician

awildcat:awildcatscheme/suddenstrikeIdiomsaboutcat:(1)Letthecatourofthebag.3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture(2)

Curiositykilledthecat.(3)

playagameofcatandmouse(onestrongerandtheotherweaker)(4)Itrainscatsanddogs.(5)Catshidetheirclaws.知人知面不知心（6）Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.山上無老虎，猴子稱霸王。3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture11)cock:

watchfulnesscockone’sears:(trytohearsth.fromadirection)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture12)

chicken:

beafraidtodosth.

Don’tbeachicken.I’mafraidofdark,soI’mabigchicken.Itisachicken–and–eggsituation.(難分因果)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture13)

cow:stupid;unpleasant(anoffensiveuse)

Sheisacow.(Ifsomeonedescribesawomanasacow,theydislikeherandthinksheisunpleasantorstupid.)Acashcow搖錢樹3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture14)

crocodile:hypocrisycrocodiletears:falsetearse.g.:ThesightofGreensheddingcrocodiletearsmademesick.3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture15)

crow:(aninformaluse)e.g.:Heis

crowingaboutsth.(Hetellsyousth.proudly.吹噓)toeatcrow:[(吃烏鴉)toosureofhimselfandsaysth.inaloudandboastfulway.Later,hemayadmitheiswrong,thenheis“eatingcrow”.丟臉3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture16)

dog:

fidelity/loyalty;dirtyhabits;worthlessnesse.g.:(1)Heisayellowdog.(Hebetraysme.)(2)Itisarealdog.

(sth.ofapoorquality)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture(3)Thingsaregoingtothedog.(Thingsaregettingworse.)Idioms:aluckydog;aslydogagaydog;a

yellowdog

adoginamanger;liveadog’slifeunderdogsandtopdogs3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCultureEverydoghashisownday.Letsleepingdogslie.Dogseatdogs.Alivingdogisbetterthanadeadlion好死不如賴活著3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture17)dove:

peace,gentleness3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture18)duck:

lovelinesse.g.:Sheisreallyaduck.

Heisalameduck.（跛鴨）Itislikeaducktowater.（如魚得水）

Willaduckswim?Oh,I’mgladtoseeyouducks.

(asasignofaffection)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture19)dragon:monster(inwesternculture)

Long

(inChineseculture)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture20)fox:

cunning;artifice

ascunningasafoxoldfox:老油條3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture21)goose:

stupidity;foolishnessDon’tbeagoose.Hegotagooseegg.零分，考了個鴨蛋3.ConnotationsofAnimalsEnglishCulture22)

horse:speed;grace

awillinghorse;adarkhorse;

putacartbeforethehorseaone-horsetown(asmalltown)Don’tchangehorsesinthemiddleoftheriver.(risky/dangerous)Horsesense常識3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture23)mule:

obstinacy/obstinateasobstinateasamule3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture24)pig:lazy,dirty,greedyIdiom:makeapigofoneself(eatingasifoneisveryhungry)Whenpigsfly:impossiblePigsinclover（lit.苜蓿地里的豬；fig.暴發(fā)戶）3.ConnotationsofAnimalsEnglishCulture25)

goat:

lecherousness

(好色)e.g.:Heisagoat.Nowomenaresafewithhim.

3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture26)

lamb:innocence;meeknessAsgentleasalambSheisanewelamb最受寵的人27)ram:malesheep(neutral)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture27)sheep:meekness;timidityIdioms：Heisablacksheep.Hecastsheepisheyeather.Canyouseparatesheepfromgoats?3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture28)dragon:monster(inwesternculture)

Long

(InChinesetraditionalculture,itisthesymbolofpower,nobilityandhonor,andalsothesymbolofluckandsuccess.)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture29)

leopard:

can’tchangeitscharacteristicsHeisaleopard.Hecan’tchangehischaracteristics.Aleopardcan’tchangeitsspots.3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture30)ostrich:(informal)apersonwhohidesawayfromandrefusestoacceptunpleasantrealityHeisanostrich.3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture31)peacock:proudasproudasapeacock3.ConnotationsofAnimalsinEnglishCulture32)rat:cheat;traitorHeisarat.(Hecheatedyouandyoudislikehim.)Icansmellarat.(Isuspectorrealizesomethingiswrong.)Heisaswetasadrownedrat/mouse.(落湯雞)3.ConnotationsofAnimalsEnglishCul