2025年高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練專題08 閱讀理解新聞報道（解析版）

專題07閱讀理解新聞報道目錄題型綜述 2解題攻略 3題型01細節(jié)理解題 4題型02推理判斷題 7題型03詞義推斷題 8題型04主旨大意題 9高考練場題型簡介新聞報道是高考英語閱讀理解中常見的一種體裁，通常包括消息和通訊兩大類。硬新聞指的是具有時效性的客觀事實報道，如經濟、科研、考古等；軟新聞則偏重情感、輕松的社會新聞，不注重時效性。高考英語選用的英語新聞多屬于科技及社會新聞。新聞報道的第一句往往為全文的中心句，包含what（事件）、when（時間）、where（地點）和who（人物），而下文則補充事件的過程和細節(jié)，包括why（目的或原因）和how（具體過程）。新聞報道的時態(tài)一般用過去時；主句、從句結構清晰，語言客觀平實。命題類型細節(jié)理解題：考查新聞事件的六要素，題型主要為細節(jié)題。觀點推斷題：考查對新聞事件的觀點，題型主要為觀點推斷題。指代推斷題：考查語篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語的指代內容。主旨歸納題：考查概括主旨，題型主要為主題歸納題。解題思路研讀首段，確定中心人物或者事件，把握主題：導語部分提供了豐富的解題線索，包括Who、What、When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息點。直接讀題，判斷題目類型：在把握文章主題后，直接讀題干，了解題目所屬類型和所需回答問題的要點和關鍵詞。根據(jù)不同題型，采用不同定位方式查找信息：細節(jié)題可以通過中心人物或事件作為標簽，到文章查讀含有這個信息的句子；觀點推斷題可能需要跨越幾個段落，所以難度較大。利用新聞的結構特點：新聞報道的結構通常為“標題—導語—正文—結語”，其中導語概括通篇，正文具體描寫，結語總結概括。關注語篇銜接手段：新聞報道中會使用很多的語篇銜接手段，尤其是代詞的使用，考生需要正確理解這些代詞所指代的內容。題型01細節(jié)理解題(2024上·山東省青島第五十八中學階段練習)Recently,an84-year-oldladyfromHuanggangCity,centralChina’sHubeiProvincesuccessfullycompleteda3,000-meterskydivingchallengeatabaseinJingmenCityoftheprovince.Atherage,TaoXidistaysingoodhealthandenjoysstayingcurrentwithnewtrends.Theinspirationtotakeonaskydivingchallengecametoheraftershereadabouta102-year-oldforeignwomanwhohadcompletedone.Tao’s63-year-olddaughter,anoutdoorsportsenthusiast,hadalreadydoneaskydivingchallengebeforehermother.Thedaughter,aretirednursesurnamedGuo,fullysupportedhermother’sideaandregisteredheratabaseinJingmen.“Ihaveagoodunderstandingofextremesports,andIbelievemymothercansuccessfullycompletethechallenge.Iwanttohelpherrealizeherdream,”saidGuo.Onthedayofthechallenge,Guodrovehermothertothebase.Taowasveryexcitedduringthejourney.Uponreachingthebase,Taosignedanagreementandconfirmedhergoodhealth.Followingadequatetrainingandpreparation,Taoboardedtheairplanewithtwoothertouristsandhercoach.Astheplaneascendedto3,000meters,Taoflashedapeacesigninfrontofthecamera.Undertheguidanceofhercoach,Taojumpedfromtheairplane.At1,500metersabovetheground,theparachuteopened.Taoremainedcalmthroughouttheprocess.Sevenminutesaftertheparachuteopened,Taotoucheddownontheground.“Ididit!Itwasfun!Iachievedmydream,”Taosaidproudly.Tao’scoachmentionedthatTao,theoldestparticipant,setanewagerecordattheskydivingbase.Astaffmembersaidthattheskydivingbasehadreceivedanincreasingnumberoftouristsover60yearsold.1．WhatinspiredTaototryskydiving?A．Herdaughter’sexperiences. B．Herloveforextremesports.C．Thepursuitofalong-helddream. D．Thestoryofaforeignelderlylady.2．WhatisGuo’sattitudetowardTao’sidea?A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Opposed.3．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Taosetanewworldrecordforskydiving.B．Taobroughthugepopularitytotheskydivingbase.C．Moreandmoreelderlypeopleparticipateinskydiving.D．Skydivingisthemostappealingextremesportfortourists.【答案】1．D2．A3．C【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了84歲的來自湖北黃岡的陶喜地女士在荊門的一個基地成功完成3，000米高空跳傘挑戰(zhàn)的故事。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theinspirationtotakeonaskydivingchallengecametoheraftershereadabouta102-year-oldforeignwomanwhohadcompletedone.(在她讀到一位102歲的外國婦女完成了跳傘挑戰(zhàn)后，她產生了接受這項挑戰(zhàn)的靈感。)”可知，在讀到一位102歲的外國女士完成了跳傘挑戰(zhàn)的故事后，陶女士產生了嘗試這項挑戰(zhàn)的想法。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedaughter,aretirednursesurnamedGuo,fullysupportedhermother’sideaandregisteredheratabaseinJingmen.“Ihaveagoodunderstandingofextremesports,andIbelievemymothercansuccessfullycompletethechallenge.Iwanttohelpherrealizeherdream,”saidGuo.(女兒姓郭，是一名退休護士，她完全支持母親的想法，并在荊門的一個基地注冊了她?！拔覍O限運動有很好的了解，我相信我媽媽能成功完成挑戰(zhàn)。我想幫助她實現(xiàn)她的夢想?！?”可知，郭女士十分支持母親的想法，她相信母親一定能成功完成挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Astaffmembersaidthattheskydivingbasehadreceivedanincreasingnumberoftouristsover60yearsold.(一名工作人員表示，跳傘基地接待的60歲以上游客越來越多)”可知，參與跳傘運動的老年人增多了。故選C。題型02推理判斷題(2023上·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中學校聯(lián)考階段練習)Globaladultdiabetes(糖尿病)caseshavedoubledtomorethan800millionduringthepastthreedecades,farexceedingpreviousestimates,accordingtonewresearch.AgroundbreakingstudypublishedinTheLancetthisweekrevealsahealthcarecrisis,withmorethanhalfofadultsovertheageof30whohavediabetesgoinguntreated.Researchershighlightedtheneedforbetterdiabetesscreeningandtreatmentinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,whichhaveseenthesharpestriseincasessince1990.Itnotedthatfournationsaccountedformorethanhalfofglobaldiabetescases,Indiahavingthemostwith212millioncases,followedbyChinawith148million,theUSwith42million,andPakistanwith36million.PreviousWHO(theWorldHealthOrganization)estimateshadsaidthetotalnumberofglobaldiabetescaseswouldbe422million.Pacificislandnations,alongwithpartsoftheCaribbean,MiddleEast,andNorthAfrica,reportedthehighestdiabetesratesglobally,exceeding25percentofadults.AmongwealthyWesternnations,theUSleadswith12.5percent,followedbytheUKwith8.8percent.Whilethenumberofdiabetescaseshasrisensharply,treatmentratesinsomeregionshaveremainedunsatisfactory,theauthorsnoted,evenassomehigher-incomecountrieshavemadesignificantprogress.SeniorauthorMajidEzzati,aprofessoratImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Thisisespeciallyconcerningaspeoplewithdiabetestendtobeyoungerinlow-incomecountriesand,intheabsenceofeffectivetreatment,areattheriskoflife-longcomplications(并發(fā)癥).”Thestudyprovidesthefirstworldwideassessmentofdiabetestrends,drawingfromdataofmorethan1,000studiesinvolvingmorethan140millionadults.........4．WhatisMajidEzzati’sattitudetowardthecurrenttreatmentofdiabetesinthelow-incomecountries?A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Tolerant.【答案】4．A【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了在過去三十年里，全球成人糖尿病病例翻了一番，遠遠超過了之前的估計，為了控制全球糖尿病病情，各國必須緊急采取行動。4．推理判斷題。由第四段MajidEzzati說的話“Thisisespeciallyconcerningaspeoplewithdiabetestendtobeyoungerinlow-incomecountriesand,intheabsenceofeffectivetreatment,areattheriskoflife-longcomplications(并發(fā)癥).(這尤其令人擔憂，因為低收入國家的糖尿病患者往往更年輕，在沒有有效治療的情況下，他們有終身并發(fā)癥的風險)”可知，MajidEzzati對低收入國家糖尿病治療現(xiàn)狀感到擔憂。故選A項。(2024上·山西省部分學校高三模擬試題)InruralSouthAfrica,16teamsofwomen,allofusover50yearsold,participatedinthisinaugural(開幕的)event—theGranniesInternationalFootballTournament.Itwas13yearsinthemaking,builtondreamsandafriendshipthatcrossescontinents.Theorganizer,BekaNtsanwisi—awell-knowncommunityactivistandcancersurvivor—foundedtheoriginalteamofsoccer-playinggrandmothersaged40to80,some15yearsago,toimprovetheirhealth.Atfirstthelocalslaughedatthemandtoldthemtheybelongedathomecaringfortheirgrandchildren.Butateamdoctorrecordedresultsfromtheirregularexercise:improvedmobility,loweredbloodpressureandbetterdigestion.In2010,theinternationalspotlightlandedtheteamaninvitationtotravelandplayinatournamentinMassachusetts—fromyourstruly.LiketheGrannies,IfoundsoccerlaterinlifeandmyLexington,Massachusettsteammatesareamongmybestfriends.Bekarepliedtomyinvitationwithouthesitation:“Wewillcome,mysister.”InJuly2010,15GranniesstreamedthroughtheBostonairport.Theywowed(博得稱贊)uswiththeirdancingonthesidelinesofthefieldandtheirenthusiasmforlife.Andduringthatvisit,Bekaannounced,“BeforeIdie,IwanttohostaGranniesWorldCup.”InMarch,2023,Beka’s13-yearwishtohostaGranniesinternationaltournamentwasfinallyandjoyfullymet.Thetournament,heldinthetownofNkowankowa,wasintenseasFrance,Zambia,threeSouthAfricanteams,andallthreeU.S.teamsenteredthequarterfinalsonthefourthandfinalday.Myteamwouldsettleforsecondplace,buttheU.S.Breakers,alsofromMassachusetts,heldthe3-foot-talltrophy(獎杯)intheair.Thegoalie(守門員)presentedthetrophytoBekaandthehostGranniesteam,withoutwhomthiseventwouldneverhavetakenplace.WeknowBekaisthetruechampion.Forme,theGranniestournamentwasanextraordinarygift,anexperienceIwillneverforget.Forallofus,weholdontoourmemoriesofbondingwith,oursoccersisters.1．Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?A．Ittooklongtomakethetournamentareality.B．Thetournamentaimstohelpgranniesmakefriends.C．Thesewomen’steamsconsistofprofessionalfootballplayers.D．Thetournamentcausedastirintheinternationalfootballcommunity.2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheoriginalteamfoundedbyBeka?A．Itwas13yearsinthemaking. B．Itreceivedsupportfromthelocals.C．Itpromotedthewellbeingofitsmembers. D．Itconsistedofmiddleagedwomenplayers.【答案】1．B2．C【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了在南非農村，16支由50多歲的女性組成的球隊參加了奶奶國際足球錦標賽的首場比賽。1．推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“InruralSouthAfrica,16teamsofwomen,allofusover50yearsold,participatedinthisinaugural(開幕的)event—theGranniesInternationalFootballTournament.Itwas13yearsinthemaking,builtondreamsandafriendshipthatcrossescontinents.(在南非農村，16支由50多歲的女性組成的球隊參加了這場首場比賽——奶奶國際足球錦標賽。它經歷了13年的發(fā)展，建立在跨越大陸的夢想和友誼之上。)”可知，比賽的目的之一是幫助老奶奶們交朋友。故選B項。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theorganizer,BekaNtsanwisi—awell-knowncommunityactivistandcancersurvivor—foundedtheoriginalteamofsoccer-playinggrandmothersaged40to80,some15yearsago,toimprovetheirhealth.(組織者BekaNtsanwisi是一位著名的社區(qū)活動家和癌癥幸存者，大約15年前，她成立了一支由40到80歲的老奶奶組成的足球隊，以改善她們的健康狀況。)”可知，Beka最初創(chuàng)建的團隊是為了促進了其成員的福祉。故選C項。題型03詞義推斷題(2024上·江蘇蘇州·高三蘇州中學?？计谥?Thefirstandonlyfungus(真菌)onaglobalconservationgroup’s’“25MostWantedList”,thebigpumafungus,whichisactuallyquitesmall,hasbeenfoundintherainymountainsofChile,almost40yearsafteritwasfirstdocumented.ThemysteriousspeciesoffungithatlivesundergroundinChile’sNahuelbutaMountainshadonlyeverbeenfoundinthewildonce.AnexpeditionteamfromtheFungiFoundationinChilesetoutforthetemperateforestsoftheNahuelbutasinMay2023toretracethefootstepsofChileanmycologist(真菌學家)NorbertoGarrido,whodiscoveredthebigpumafungusanddescribedittoWesternsciencein1988.TheytimedtheexpeditiontocoincidewiththeexactdatesinMaythatGarridohadhikedthemountainsmorethan40yearsearlier.“It’spossiblethatthereproductivepartsofthebigpumafungus—themushroom—areonlyfadinglyvisibleabovethesoilonthesamefewdayseachyear,whichmadethetimingofthemissionacrucialfactor,”saidClaudiaBustamante,amycologistandmemberoftheexpeditionteam.........31．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“coincidewith”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Putoff. B．Correspondto. C．Workout. D．Dealwith.【答案】31．B【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述了時隔40多年，真菌基金會的一個探險隊在智利山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型美洲獅真菌，這對保護工作具有深遠意義。31．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中畫線短語后的“It’spossiblethatthereproductivepartsofthebigpumafungus—themushroom—areonlyfadinglyvisibleabovethesoilonthesamefewdayseachyear,whichmadethetimingofthemissionacrucialfactor(很有可能，大型美洲獅真菌的繁殖部分——蘑菇——每年只有在相同的幾天才會逐漸在土壤上顯現(xiàn)出來，這使得任務的時機成為一個關鍵因素)”可知，這里是說這支隊伍探險的時間和Garrido在40多年前進山的日期完全一致。coincidewith意為“與……一致”，和correspondto意思一致。故選B。題型04主旨歸納題(2024上·重慶沙坪壩·高三重慶八中校考階段練習)Thesustainablevillageofthefuture,ifMartinaWaldemarandJoaoAlmeidahaveanysayaboutit,willhavesolarpanels,earthenbuildings,andaformofregenerativeagriculturethatcopiesnaturetoproduceclimate-friendlyfood.Thefieldhandswhoworktherewillearnwageswellabovewhat’sstandardforthisruralareaofPortugal.Therewillbecoworkingspacewithfastinternet.“Thelifecanbeeasy,”Mr.Almeidasaysofhisfamily’sproject,whichtheycallGandumVillage.BuyinglocalisonegoalofanewprojectcalledRuralRevive,aprivateconservationeffortwheretouristsstayinfashionable,low-impactrooms—andtheprojectisdevelopingintoaservicecenterforadeserteconomy.ButthepurposeofRuralReviveisnotjusteconomic.Atthesametime,ittrainslocalssuchasElricoBekeurinhorticulture(園藝)andenterprise.ReinholdMangundubeganRuralRevivewhenherememberssittingbyabonfire,listeningtohisfathertellhimabouttheforestandbirdsofhisbirthplaceinhiscountry.Thosevillagefireslitadesireinhimtorestoreandregeneratetheearthandwildlifethathecouldonlyimagine.“Ibelieveit’stimewestartbuildingbeautifulstoriesaboutthefutureandusethosestoriesofthefuturetoaddressourcurrentproblems,”hesays.........21．WhatdoesParagraph1focuson?A．Alljobswillbecarriedoutremotely. B．Asustainablelifecanbeenjoyable.C．Climateisfriendlytoagriculture. D．Eco-friendlyvillagesneedhigh-paidfarmers.【答案】21．B【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了兩個生態(tài)村莊項目——GandumVillage和RuralRevive，它們旨在通過可持續(xù)的生活方式、再生農業(yè)和生態(tài)旅游等方式，促進和自然的和諧共生，并解決當前面臨的環(huán)境和經濟問題。21．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesustainablevillageofthefuture,ifMartinaWaldemarandJoaoAlmeidahaveanysayaboutit,willhavesolarpanels,earthenbuildings,andaformofregenerativeagriculturethatcopiesnaturetoproduceclimate-friendlyfood.Thefieldhandswhoworktherewillearnwageswellabovewhat’sstandardforthisruralareaofPortugal.Therewillbecoworkingspacewithfastinternet.‘Thelifecanbeeasy,’Mr.Almeidasaysofhisfamily’sproject,whichtheycallGandumVillage.(如果MartinaWaldemar和JoaoAlmeida對此有什么意見的話，未來的可持續(xù)村莊將擁有太陽能板、土坯建筑和一種模仿自然生產氣候友好型食物的再生農業(yè)。在那里工作的田間工人將獲得遠高于葡萄牙這一農村地區(qū)標準的工資。那里還將有帶有快速網絡的共享工作空間?！羁梢院茌p松，’Almeida先生談到他家族的項目時說道，他們稱之為GandumVillage)”可知，本段主要介紹了GandumVillage這個可持續(xù)村莊項目的特點，包括其采用的可持續(xù)生活方式和較高的工資待遇，并強調這種生活可以是輕松的。因此，本段主要說明可持續(xù)生活可以是令人愉悅的。故選B項。(2024年新課標高考英語II卷B篇)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“Andasofrightnow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.4.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture. B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs. D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.5.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity. B.Bylength.C.Bytheme. D.Bylanguage.6.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?A.Organizingastorycontest. B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.C.Choosingaprintpublisher. D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.7.WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?A.Itwillclosedown. B.Itsprofitswilldecline.C.Itwillexpandnationwide. D.Itsridershipwillincrease.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務，旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求，提升出行體驗，Trost認為此舉措能吸引更多乘客，對BART的未來持樂觀態(tài)度，預期乘客量將會增長?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”(舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)（BART）首席通訊官AliciaTrost表示：“你進入檢票口，會看到一個亮著燈的信息亭，它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報道。你可以選擇你想要的長度，它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事?！?”可知，BART啟動信息亭是為了滿足乘客在乘車過程中的閱讀需求，為他們提供不同長度的短篇故事或詩歌來打發(fā)時間。故選C項。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.(你可以選擇你想要的長度，它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,(我們想做一些事情，呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術家為比賽提交故事)”以及第六段“Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.(獲獎故事會進入我們的書報亭，然后你就會成為一名出版藝術家)”可知，Trost最近在組織一個故事競賽，向灣區(qū)的藝術家征集故事，獲勝作品將被放入書報亭供乘客閱讀。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.(她說：“歸根結底，所有的交通機構現(xiàn)在都在盡一切努力改善乘客體驗。所以我絕對認為，我們會因為短篇小說而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost認為通過提升乘客體驗，包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量將會增加。故選D項。(2023年浙江省1月高考英語真題Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.1．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.3．WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A．Createrules. B．Comprehendmeaning.C．Talkfluently. D．Identifydifficultwords.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【答案】1．B2．C3．B4．A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在舊金山的一場公開辯論中，一個名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序擊敗了它的人類對手，其中包括以色列前全國辯論冠軍NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聰明。故選B。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(盡管ProjectDebater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點。它從文檔庫和預先構建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會導致人類不會犯的錯誤。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫無疑問會被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯誤會被糾正，被解決”，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯誤”，和errors意思相近，故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意義的問題，而意義是區(qū)分最不聰明的人類和最聰明的機器的關鍵。計算機使用符號。它的程序指定了一組將一串符號轉換為另一串符號的規(guī)則。但它并沒有具體說明這些符號的含義。事實上，對于計算機來說，意義是無關緊要的。)”可知，根據(jù)Hammond的說法，ProjectDebater不能理解意義，故選B。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產生是通過社會互動的過程，而不是計算的過程，這種互動塑造了我們頭腦中符號的內容。賦予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會之外，存在于社會記憶、社會習俗和社會關系中。)”可知，從最后一段我們能了解到社會互動是理解符號的關鍵。故選A。(2020年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（新課標Ⅲ）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.5．WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A．Toseefamousfilmstars.B．Toopposewearingfurcoats.C．Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D．Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.6．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingcompletely.B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.D．Watchingcarefully.8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A．Theymaybebadlytreated.B．Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C．TheycouldbetradedillegallyD．Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】5．D6．B7．D8．A【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有使用真的類人猿。現(xiàn)在的動物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐待動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織密切關注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物保護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕捉技術創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術上，花費數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項。7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物保護人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正密切關注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關注”。故選D項。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。還有一些關于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。由此判斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。A【來源】2025屆福建省寧德市部分達標學校高三上學期12月第二次聯(lián)考試題Twenty-fourhoursand26minutes,withoutstoppingtosleep:Nepal’sPhunjoLamahasjustbrokentheworldrecordforthefastestascent(上山)ofMountEverestbyawoman.HerjourneyfromEverestBaseCamptothetoptook14hoursand31minutes,thenthedescent(下山)fromEverestwasanotherninehoursand18minutes.

ShedepartedBaseCampat3:52p.m.onMay23,arrivingatthetopoftheworldat6:23a.m.thefollowingmorning.DuetothelimitedclimbingseasonandchallengingconditionsonMountEverest,thewindowtoreachthetopofthemountainissmall.Everyyear,photosshowlonglinesofhikersallwaitingfortheirchancetomakeittothetop,with“trafficjams”sometimeslastingforhours.ClimbingovernighthelpedLamabypassthebigcrowds.AccordingtoGuinnessWorldRecords,whichlooksatthetotaltimeittakestomakethereturntripfromBaseCamp,LamasetherfirstEverestrecordin2018,withatimeof39hoursandsixminutes.Thatrecordwasbrokenin2021byHongKongnativeAdaTsangin25hoursand50minutes.ThisyearwasLama’ssecond-ever