2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)板塊1復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案新人教版_第1頁(yè)
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-1-第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞[全國(guó)卷考情分析]題型典題試做命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.2.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.3.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.4.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等),以考查主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)居多;2.考查固定搭配中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。短文改錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.say→saying2.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.manage→managing3.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.sell→selling4.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.watching→watch1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用;2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的錯(cuò)用;3.不定式符號(hào)to的多余或缺失;4.to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的誤判??键c(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·福州八中質(zhì)檢)(realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.Realizing[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格所處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),realize與主語(yǔ)we之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故填Realizing。]2.(2024·蚌埠二中模擬)Greatly(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.encouraged[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格所處的部分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),encourage與主語(yǔ)theteam之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填encouraged。]3.(2024·太原一模)SilkRoadtradestraveledtogetherinlongcaravans(旅行隊(duì))ofcamels.Thismodeoftravelprovidedprotectionfromrobberswhomightattempt(rob)thevaluablegoodsbeingtransported.torob[考查不定式。attempt意為“試圖,企圖”,后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),故填torob。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式一般式todotobedone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式tobedoing表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)去分詞一般式done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表完成ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.很多中國(guó)品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹(shù)立了聲譽(yù),它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前,還有很多問(wèn)題須要解決??键c(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.todevelop[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故填todevelop。]2.(2024·山東煙臺(tái)期末)Theyputthefoodoutintheirbackyardsandspendtimeintheniceweather,(watch)birds.watching[句意:他們把食物放在后院,然后一邊觀鳥(niǎo)一邊享受明媚的天氣。主語(yǔ)They與watch為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且watch與spend同時(shí)發(fā)生,故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。]3.(2024·江西宜春中學(xué)第一次診斷)(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees,TCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)hasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.Compared[句意:與西藥的高額費(fèi)用相比,傳統(tǒng)中藥的價(jià)格合理,一般人能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闷?。comparedwith...為固定結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語(yǔ),意為“與……相比”。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)4.(2024·長(zhǎng)沙一模)Theboybroughthisguitartothestage,wornafashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.worn→wearing[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞wear和主語(yǔ)Theboy之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。]5.(2024·吉林吉大附中月考)Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.Thought→Thinking[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong在句中作狀語(yǔ),think與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故將Thought改為Thinking。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ),可用soasto/inorderto替換,但soasto一般不行置于句首,意為“為了;想要”。Inordertocalculatetheamountofpower,workisdividedbytime.要計(jì)算功率的大小,可將功除以時(shí)間。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:onlytodo;enoughtodo(足夠做……);too...todo...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng),結(jié)果發(fā)覺(jué)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。(3)作緣由狀語(yǔ),常用在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有:easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我們驚訝的是,這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。[易錯(cuò)提示]語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中??疾椤爸髡Z(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外需留意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式中的動(dòng)詞必需是及物動(dòng)詞;若為不及物動(dòng)詞,則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Orderedoveraweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.這些書是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的,現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船員一樣,鳥(niǎo)類可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。[易錯(cuò)提示]部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng),也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:located(坐落于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(躲著的),lost/absorbed/buriedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿著),tiredof(厭煩的),facedwith(面對(duì)著)。Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于用心繪畫,約翰沒(méi)有留意到夜幕正在駕臨 。3.獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨(dú)立成分。常用的有:generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom/by,takingeverythingintoconsideration,comparedto/with,tobefrank,totell(you)thetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHongKong.從腔調(diào)推斷,他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.說(shuō)實(shí)話,我有點(diǎn)累。4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一樣。但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),在句子中作狀語(yǔ),我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在。②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:①名詞/代詞+分詞;②名詞/代詞+不定式;③with/without+名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式。Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束后,我們就起先放假了??键c(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·福州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)Attheageoffour,shefellintoanicyriverandwasfortunatelyrescuedbysomelocalvillagers(live)inBaoxingCountyinsouthwestChina'sSichuanProvince.living[考查現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞villagers和動(dòng)詞live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。]2.(2024·重慶第一次調(diào)研)Visitorsalsomaytakeawalkintherainforest(create)bythevolcanothousandsofyearsago.created[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,forest后面的部分作定語(yǔ)修飾rainforest,且rainforest與動(dòng)詞create在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。]3.(2024·河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟二模)OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.covering[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。提示詞為動(dòng)詞,該句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(reports),提示詞cover和其所修飾的名詞news之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ),在此相當(dāng)于whichcovers。]4.(2024·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount(require)bydoctors.required[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,require和amount之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.(2024·惠州其次次調(diào)研)Notlongago,IwastouchedbythereplyfromTsinghuaUniversitytoWeiXiang,whicharousedaheatingdiscussion.heating→heated[考查形容詞。從句句意:那引起了一場(chǎng)激烈的探討。故heating改為heated。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])1.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn'tfindanypapertowriteon.突然她想到了一個(gè)好辦法,但是她找不到紙把它寫下來(lái)。(2)序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí),thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后,常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveatschoolandthelasttoleaveschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校,最終一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)名詞:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增加意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的實(shí)力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。(4)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),作定語(yǔ)的不定式運(yùn)用主動(dòng)式;當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),不定式運(yùn)用被動(dòng)式。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買嗎?(you是buy的執(zhí)行者)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我要去北京。你有什么東西要買嗎?(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者)2.分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有:現(xiàn)在分詞、“being+過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用“being+過(guò)去分詞”;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí),用過(guò)去分詞。(2)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為:現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成,不表被動(dòng)。Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2024.為了再探討一下水污染的問(wèn)題,我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2024年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的探討。Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上,有幾百萬(wàn)人觀看了開(kāi)幕式的電視直播。[易錯(cuò)提示]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路表示被動(dòng)、完成用過(guò)去分詞(done);表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing);表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用beingdone;表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用todo;表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用tobedone。試比較:①Thebridgebuiltrecentlywasdesignedbyalocalcompany.②Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.考點(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)Youcouldeasilypaywithyoursmartphoneby(scan)theseller'sQRcode.scanning[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。]2.(2024·淮南二中模擬)Iknowheisgoodat(work)outthedifficultquestions.working[begoodat“擅長(zhǎng)”,at為介詞,故用v.-ing作賓語(yǔ)。]3.(2024·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.winning[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)。句意:在“我”看來(lái),它們有助于我們變得冷靜,也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論競(jìng)賽和解決真正的問(wèn)題。動(dòng)詞consider“考慮”后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。]4.(2024·山西長(zhǎng)治一聯(lián))Iremembered(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.tolock[句意:離開(kāi)辦公室之前,我記著要鎖門了,但是忘了關(guān)燈??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。remembertodosth.記著要做某事,依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知空格處為“tolock”。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.(2024·福建福州3月質(zhì)檢)Inthebeginning,Iwasn'tusedtotalktostrangers.talk→talking[句意:起先時(shí)我不習(xí)慣和生疏人講話。beusedtodoingsth.為固定句型,意為“習(xí)慣做某事”。]6.(2024·廣東七校聯(lián)考)IliketravellingandmydreamofvisitBeijing,thecapitalcityofourcountry,cametrueduringtheNationalDayholidaysthisyear.visit→visiting[考查動(dòng)名詞。of為介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])1.只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen(碰巧)等。Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant,waitingtobeserved.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務(wù)。2.只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ):admit,avoid,consider,escape(避開(kāi)),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff,objectto,lookforwardto等。此外,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.,havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及這個(gè)話題,以免冒犯他。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今日很熱。你想去游泳嗎?3.接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同的動(dòng)詞:eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.遺忘去做某事(未做),forgetdoingsth.遺忘做過(guò)某事(已做)))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示缺憾(未做),regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示懊悔(已做)))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做),rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事(已做)))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.盡力去做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.接著做另一件事,goondoingsth.接著做原來(lái)做的事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.不由自主地做某事))Shenearlyforgottogivehimatipforhisservice.她幾乎忘了給他的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那將意味著奢侈很多勞動(dòng)力?!猂eally?Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——是嗎?我并沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備奢侈勞動(dòng)力。WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstopbuyingthegroceriesifIfoundout?她是擔(dān)憂假如我發(fā)覺(jué)這件事情我的反應(yīng)還是擔(dān)憂我不再給她買食品雜貨呢?[易錯(cuò)提示](1)動(dòng)詞want,need,require作“須要”講時(shí),其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,findout等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how,what,whether,where,when,who等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ),若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省略to??键c(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·濟(jì)寧二模)Letthoseinneed(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.understand[句意:讓那些須要幫助的人們明白,我們會(huì)全力以赴去幫助他們。賓語(yǔ)those與understand為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且let后加省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。]2.(2024·龍口一模)Whenwesawtheroad(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.blocked[句意:當(dāng)我們看到公路被大雪堵住時(shí),我們確定在家度過(guò)假期。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為road,兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。]3.(2024·黃岡一模)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts(develop)aftergreateffort.developed[句意:經(jīng)理看到經(jīng)過(guò)巨大努力很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)后特別滿足。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。manynewproducts與develop之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用過(guò)去分詞。]4.(2024·安慶慧德中學(xué)月考)Whenhewasreadytoleavehefoundhisbicycle'sfronttyre(輪胎)flat.Hehadtolookforaplacealongthestreettogethisbicycle(repair).repaired[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。getsth.done使……被做,此處的bicycle和repair之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.(2024·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)LastSundaywasmybirthday,soIinvitedsomeguysgooutwithmeforacelebration.go前加to[動(dòng)詞invite后應(yīng)用不定式作其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),即invitesb.todosth.。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])1.不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)):advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。(山東卷)Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.假如我們期望人們放棄開(kāi)車的習(xí)慣,我們必需給他們可以依靠的選擇。Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成項(xiàng)目之后,她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)去給新生講話。(1)有些動(dòng)詞,如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,understand等后常用tobe作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard-workingpeopleintheworld.中國(guó)人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+todo/tohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢。現(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人,而是他自己。2.分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?聽(tīng)!你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命嗎?(2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作??山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù),回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照看得很好他很興奮。(3)使役動(dòng)詞have,get后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的異同點(diǎn):①havesth.done=getsth.done讓別人做某事;②havesb./sth.doing讓……始終做某事;getsth./sb.doing使……起先做某事;③havesb.dosth.=getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在開(kāi)車進(jìn)城之前,你須要洗洗車。(4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為:①with+賓語(yǔ)+doing表示主動(dòng)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或常常發(fā)生;②with+賓語(yǔ)+done表示被動(dòng)或完成;③with+賓語(yǔ)+todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里漫步,他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn'tseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.截止日期之前只剩下很短的時(shí)間,約翰好像不行能完成工作了。Withalotofworktodo,shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有很多工作要做,她不被允許離開(kāi)辦公室??键c(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)eq\a\vs4\al([題組試做])Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·遼寧鐵嶺協(xié)作體一聯(lián))Aboveall,Ihavecometounderstandthat(bring)happinesstoothersisgettingourselveshappiness.bringing[句意:首先,我起先明白了授人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在賓語(yǔ)從句中設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ),且表示抽象概念,故用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。]2.(2024·湖北七市聯(lián)考)(send)yellowrosescanberisky,astheyrepresenteitherfriendshiporenvy.Sending[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ),故填Sending。]3.(2024·河南八市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)其次次質(zhì)檢)Ifelthopelessandalone,andmore(depress)thanIknewwaspossible.depressed[句意:我感到無(wú)望、孤獨(dú)及前所未有的懊喪。設(shè)空處作felt的表語(yǔ),故填depressed。]4.(2024·江西紅色七校一聯(lián))Itis(shock)thatsomeinvestmentbanksevenjudgecandidatesbywhethertheywearbrownshoes.shocking[句意:令人震驚的是,一些投資銀行甚至依據(jù)他們是否穿棕色鞋子來(lái)推斷應(yīng)聘者。shocking令人震驚的;shocked感到震驚的。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5.(2024·襄陽(yáng)模擬)Wehopethatallofuswilldevoteoureffortstoprotectpandasandletthemliveinthewildagainsomeday.protect→protecting[devote...to...致力于……;to為介詞后跟v.-ing作賓語(yǔ)。]6.(2024·銅陵一模)Thestoryhetoldwasveryinterested.interested→interesting[句意:他講的故事特別好玩。形容詞化了的分詞作表語(yǔ)表示“令人感愛(ài)好的”要用interesting。]eq\a\vs4\al([要點(diǎn)解讀])1.不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般表示詳細(xì)某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng),常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。(浙江卷)Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbettertoremainsilent.不論你多么能說(shuō)會(huì)道,有些時(shí)候保持緘默會(huì)更好。(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),①表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時(shí),常用不定式作表語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí),表語(yǔ)多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在中學(xué)最想做的事就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。2.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主語(yǔ),把作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。常用于固定句型:It'sawasteoftimedoing...;It'snouse/gooddoing...;Itisuselessdoing...;Thereisnousedoing...等中。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面你的問(wèn)題而不是躲避它們,是解決這些問(wèn)題最好的方法。It'snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不實(shí)行行動(dòng)而只是埋怨是沒(méi)用的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞,用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常常可以互換位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek(=Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob).我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“仍舊是”時(shí),后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ);但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“尚待……;留待……”時(shí),后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下,但她還是站著。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly-formedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待視察。[易錯(cuò)提示]不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù),這是短文改錯(cuò)中??嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)?!炯挤c(diǎn)撥】在語(yǔ)法填空中:1.若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所填動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)就要確定是動(dòng)詞-ing形式,-ed形式,還是不定式形式。2.所給動(dòng)詞在某及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞(由它前面的及物動(dòng)詞確定),作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞;作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞。假如所給動(dòng)詞出名詞形式的派生詞,當(dāng)其在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),通??疾檫@個(gè)動(dòng)詞所派生出的名詞。這時(shí),要留意它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),表示“令人……的”用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;表示“(感到)……的”用過(guò)去分詞。[易錯(cuò)提示]在短文改錯(cuò)中:1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后或者某一形容詞后假如是動(dòng)詞原形,就要留意兩詞之間是否該有不定式符號(hào)to。2.介詞后(特殊是介詞to)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞。to有時(shí)候是不定式,不要誤判為介詞。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)料)However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway(practice)ourdebatingskills.topractice[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:然而,我們的探討不僅僅是練習(xí)我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處是不定式作定語(yǔ)。]2.(2024·湖北七市聯(lián)考)InMaoZedong'spoemOdetothePlumBlossom(《詠梅》),theplumblossomwasused(praise)greatsoldierswhosacrificedtheirlivesforabetterlifeforChinesepeople.topraise[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),所以填topraise。beusedtodosth.“被用來(lái)做某事”。]3.(2024·成都其次次診斷)IfyouspeaktoalocalaboutyourstayinChengdu,they'llprobablyaskifyou'vetriedhotpot.Everyone(live)hereseemstoloveit,andtryingitshouldbeafixedpartofeveryone'sculinary(烹飪的)tourofSichuan.living[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。live和句子謂語(yǔ)seems之間沒(méi)有連詞,故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且動(dòng)詞live和句子主語(yǔ)Everyone構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。]4.(2024·廣州調(diào)研)After(settle)intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddeadcellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.settling[考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:在宿主——比如你的體內(nèi)定居后——它們會(huì)偷走維生素和其他養(yǎng)分物質(zhì),留下死細(xì)胞和被稱為毒素的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動(dòng)名詞形式,故本空應(yīng)填settling。]5.(2024·贛州十四縣市聯(lián)考)Oneday,abouttenyearsago,while(work)atthecashregisterinthegiftshopatmyUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory,Isawanelderlycouplecomeinwithalittlegirlinthewheelchair.working[考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。在含有while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,假如從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一樣,且含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí),可將從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略,構(gòu)成省略結(jié)構(gòu)。本句補(bǔ)充完整為:whileIwasworkingatthecashregisterinthegiftshopatmyUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory。故此處應(yīng)填working。]6.(2024·南昌一模)Hongcun,(fill)withlakesandbeautifulAnhuistylebuildings,is900yearsold.Itwasbuilttolooklikeabigox.HuangshanMountainisthehead;thetownisthebodyandthebridgesarelegs.filled[考查固定短語(yǔ)。befilledwith為固定短語(yǔ),故填filled。句意:布滿了湖泊和漂亮的徽式建筑的宏村,有九百年的歷史。它被建成看起來(lái)像一個(gè)大的牛。黃山是頭,鎮(zhèn)是身體,橋是腿。]7.(2024·安徽名校模擬)Astheresearchersexpected,30%ofthechefs(survey)saidthattheirbestmealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.surveyed[考查過(guò)去分詞。chefs和動(dòng)詞survey之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示“被調(diào)查的廚師”,故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。]8.(2024·福建永春一中等四校聯(lián)考)DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls(join)up.joined[句意:在秦朝時(shí)期,為了抵擋外敵,秦始皇把全部的墻都連了起來(lái)。使役動(dòng)詞had后的賓語(yǔ)allthewalls與joinup為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞joined作賓補(bǔ)。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2024·洛陽(yáng)第一次統(tǒng)考)TheythinkthatmystoryiswellworthreadandthatIamgoodatwriting.IbelieveIwillachievemydream.read→reading[考查固定搭配。beworthdoingsth.“值得做某事”,故應(yīng)把read改為reading。]2.(2024·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Thensomeonesaid,“Whynottryingthecavedwellings(住宅)here?”Wethoughthewasjoking,butherewearereallyinacavedwellingandit'swonderful.trying→try[考查固定搭配。此處為whynot句式,whynot后跟動(dòng)詞原形。]3.(2024·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)Second,seeingafilm,listeningtomusicorhangoutwithourfriendswillalsobeexciting.hang→hanging[考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:其次,看電影,聽(tīng)音樂(lè)或者和摯友們出去玩也會(huì)令人很興奮。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,謂語(yǔ)willalsobe前面的部分為主語(yǔ);由seeingafilm,listeningtomusic可以推斷,該處與它們并列,也應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞。]4.(2024·廣東惠州市調(diào)研考試)Afterpurchaseseedlings,wechoseaplacewheretheseedlingscouldgetproperwaterandsunshine.purchase→purchasing[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞after后應(yīng)跟v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。]5.(2024·西安六校聯(lián)考)Beforeheardhisanswer,shestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysinglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.heard→hearing[考查動(dòng)名詞。before為介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,故用hear的動(dòng)名詞形式hearing。]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·福建省五校統(tǒng)考)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalso1.(express)theirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshope2.wholesocietypaysmoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,which3.(call)forourgreatconcern.Weshouldmakeeveryeffort4.(prevent)schoolviolencehappeningatschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal5.(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecanbelearned.6.(actual),childrenlearnviolencebehaviorfromadultsorfrom7.theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfI

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