山西省高三下學(xué)期考前適應(yīng)性測(cè)試啟航（一模）英語試題

英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在本試題相應(yīng)的位置。2.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在本試題上無效。3.聽力部分滿分30分，不計(jì)入總分。4.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案用0.5mm黑色筆跡簽字筆寫在答題卡上。5.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.What’sthehomeworkforTuesday?A.Readingthefifthchapter.B.Preparingforthenextclass.C.Discussingthefifthchapter.2.What’stheman’sfavoritesport?A.Volleyball.B.Tabletennis.C.Football.3.Whatweatherdoesthemandislike?A.Snowy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.Whoistheman?A.Apatient.B.Adentist.C.Aninterviewer.5.Whichwebsitedoesthewomanvisitforfun?A.Tencent.B.UsingEnglish.C.Youtube.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingtonight?A.Seeingamovie.B.Enjoyingaconcert.C.Watchingaplay.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.HowdidthewomangotoworkonMonday?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.9.Whatwouldthemanliketouse?A.Asharedcharger.B.Asharedcar.C.Asharedumbrella.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.11.Whatdoesthemanremenddoingfirst?A.Findingacmodation.B.Decidingwheretogo.C.Gettingamap.12.Whocangivethewomanrightdirectioninformationfaster?A.Kids.B.Tourists.C.Deliverymen.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatiswrongwiththeman’selectricwheelchair?A.Theseatcan’tbeadjusted.B.Thebatterycan’tbecharged.C.Thewheelscan’tturnautomatically.14.Howmuchwillthemanhavetopayfortherepair?A.$55.B.Morethan$55.C.Freeofcharge.15.Whattimeisavailablefortheman?A.OnthemorningofOctober23rd.B.OnthemorningofOctober25th.C.OntheafternoonofOctober25th.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Waitforacall.B.Callthetechnician.C.Arrangeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whywilltheprogrambeheld?A.Towelenewhighschoolstudents.B.Toimprovetheeducationofcollegestudents.C.Tohelphighschoolstudentslearnaboutcollege.18.Whichofthefollowingdovolunteersneedtodo?A.Introducethehistoryoftheschool.B.Teachstudentshowtousestudentcards.C.Helpimprovethefriendshipbetweenstudents.19.Howmanystudentsshouldavolunteerguideatmost?A.Four.B.Six.C.Ten.20.Howdoesastudentgetmoreinformation?A.Byaskingvolunteers.B.Bycallingtheschooloffice.C.Byvisitingthecollegewebsite.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThreedaysofwonderfulridingforthepriceofone!What:EasterBikeTourWhen:March2931Where:TexasHillCountry,Kerrville,TexasWhatmakesthisrideuniqueanda“mustdo”?Inits51styear,thisrideoffersthreedaysofridingwithmultipleroutesforalllevelsofriders,from19milesto85miles,eachdayofferingthreedistanceoptions,allongreatroadsfeaturingspringtimewildflowers!Althoughthereisanofficialstarttime,ridersareweletostartattheirleisure.ReststationsandSAG(SupportandGear)supportareprovidedalongtheroutes.Whatmakesthiseventa“festival”?TheridestartsandstopseverydayattheTrailheadBeerGardenwhichfeatureslocalcraftbeerandwinesaswellasfoodtrucksforpostridenourishment.Evenbetter,wehavehiredlocalbandstoplayintheRockingSquaresoyoucanenjoyyourselfwithyourfriendsandshareyourexperienceofconqueringthehills!Thereareadditionalwinetastingoptions,andthebeautifulY.O.Hotelhasgivenusanamazingrate!Prefertocamp?SchreinerParkhasbeautifulfullservicesiteswithshowers,privatecabins,andevenanawesometrailsystemasabonus!IncludedInYourRegistration●SupersoftcottonTshirt●3daysofridingoffering9routeoptionsforalllevelsofriders●FridayandSaturdayridesofferreststationswithfoodanddrinksevery1015milesaswellasSAGsupportduringtherideandtechnicalsupportatthestartoftherideprovidedbyHillCountryCycling.●Invitationtoafterparties:FridaywinerySaturdayTrailheadBrewPubOnSiteRegistrationYouwillbeabletoregisteronsiteviapaperforms.Wewillacceptpaymentviacashorcreditcard.1.WhatmakesEasterBikeTourspecial?A.Differentroutesforridersofalllevels. B.Thevariedridingscheduleswithinaday.C.Thefixedstarttimeofthetour. D.Autumnlandscapesalongtheroutes.2.Whereshouldonegoifheintendstogocamping?A.Y.O.Hotel. B.SchreinerPark.C.RockingSquare. D.TrailheadBeerGarden.3.Whatcanpeoplegetafterregistration?A.Invitationtoafterparties. B.Dailytechnicalsupport.C.9daysoffreeriding. D.A100%cottonjacket.BRossMcLaren,a31yearoldchemistryteacherfromKilwinning,Ayrshire,begandivingin2016.Hewasamazedbythesealife,butthehobbycansometimesbedepressingduetothequantityofrubbish.WhiledivinginScotland’ssealochs(海灣),RossnoticedasharpriseinlittersincetheCOVID19lockdown,despitehisbeliefthatScotlandisoneofthebestplacesintheworldfordiving.“Iaccidentallyfellinlovewithdiving,andit’sgoodtoshowpeoplewhatishappeningunderwater,”Rosssaid.“SomeofthethingsI’veseenunderwateraredecadesold.Seacreaturesaremakingtheirhomesinlitter.Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit.”O(jiān)noneoccasion,hespottedwhathethoughtwasamagnificentjellyfish(牡蠣),onlytorealizeitwasaplasticbag.“Youcanunderstandwhyawhalethinksaplasticbagisajellyfish.It’sreallydisheartening.”Rossadded,“Ithinkithasgotworsesincelockdown.There’sageneralincreaseintheamountoflitterinthewater.Peopledon’trealizewhatanimpactitishaving.Itendtodoalotofdivingaroundthesealochs.”O(jiān)neupsettingimageshowedalobster(龍蝦)withplastictiedarounditsclaws(鉗子),suggestingithadbeencaughtandthrownbackintothewater.AccordingtoRoss,it’snecessarytoweighupthebenefitsofremovinglitterifithasaseacreaturelivinginit.Hesaid,“Theoceanlifedoesuselitterashabitat.Onthisoccasion,Ithoughtitwasbesttoleaveit,asitappearedthatthelobsterhadmadeititshome.Duringsomeofmyunderwaterexplorations,Ihaveseenthingslikecans,whichhavegatheredbitsandpieces.Thatiswhereitbeesamoralissue.”4.WhathasbeenRoss’smainconcernwhilediving?A.Thecoldwatertemperature. B.Thepoorvisibilityunderwater.C.Thedangeroussealifeinthearea. D.Theincreasingamountofunderwaterlitter.5.WhatdoesRossmeanbysaying“Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit”?A.Peopleareunawareofthebeautyoftheocean.B.Peoplebelieveoceanpollutionwillresolveitselfovertime.C.Peopletendtoignoreproblemstheydon’tpersonallyexperience.D.Peoplebelievethatoceanpollutionmattersonlywhenit’svisible.6.Whydoestheauthormentionaplasticbagbeingmistakenforajellyfish?A.Toillustratehowwhalesinteractwithjellyfish.B.Toemphasizethebeautyofjellyfishintheocean.C.Tostresstheharmcausedbyplasticintheocean.D.Toshowhowseaanimalsconfuselitterwithfood.7.WhydoesRossconsidertheissueofoceanlitteramoralone?A.Becauseseacreaturesdependonlitterforsurvival.B.Becausehumanshavearesponsibilitytocleanuptheoceans.C.Becauseremovinglittercouldharmcreaturesusingitashabitat.D.Becauselitteriscausingpermanentdamagetotheoceanecosystem.COnNovember20,2004,theAmericanpsychologistDanielKahnemanpublishedapaperthatexploredwhathasetobeknownasthe“framing(框架)effect”.Thiseffectdemonstrateshowpeople’sdecisionscanbeinfluencedbythewayinformationispresentedtothem.Kahneman’sexperimentshowedthatinmanycases,thewayaquestionorproblemispresentedcansignificantlyaffectthechoicespeoplemake.Theframingeffectcapitalizesonthefactthathumanthinkingisnotalwayslogical.Peoplecanbeinfluencedbyhowchoicesarewordedratherthantheactualcontentofthechoicesthemselves.Forexample,peopletendtoavoidriskwhenapositivepresentationispresentedbutseekriskswhenanegativepresentationispresented.Iftwoequaloptionsarepresenteddifferently—oneintermsofpotentialgainsandtheotherintermsofpotentiallosses—people’spreferenceswillshiftaccordingly.Inmoretechnicalterms,theframingeffectrequiresthatpeople’schoicesbeinfluencedbyunimportantaspectsofthecontext,ratherthanthelogicalcontentoftheoptions.Ifpeoplefocusonlyonthecontent,theframingeffectwouldgetsmaller.ButanewstudyledbyTverskyandKahnemanofferedaninterestingchangeonthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhenindividualsweremadeawareoftheframingeffectandtrainedtorecognizeit,theirsusceptibilitytotheeffectdecreased.Forinstance,participantswhoweretrainedtoidentifyframingtrickswerelesslikelytobeinfluencedbydifferentpresentationsofthesameproblem.Inafollowupstudywith200universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofhowtrainingimpactedtheirdecisionmakingprocesses.Didtheybeemoreanalyticalandcarefulintheirchoices?Didtheylearntoignoreunimportantcontext?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthemainresponse.Mostfrequently,thestudentsreportedthattheybecamemoredoubtfulofhowinformationwaspresented.Somehow,thisdoubtledtoamorelogicalevaluationofchoices.AlthoughthestudiesledbyTverskyandKahnemanhavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialeffectsfordecisionmakingandeducationarelarge.8.WhatisthemainpurposeofKahneman’s2004paper?A.Toexplainwhypeoplemakepoordecisions.B.Tostudyhowframingaffectsdecisionmaking.C.Toanalyzetheroleoflogicindecisionmaking.D.Toparedifferentdecisionmakingmethods.9.Howdoesthiseffectinfluencepeople’sdecisionmaking?A.Byfocusingonlogicalcontent. B.Byenhancingtheiranalyticalskills.C.Byprovidingmoreaccurateinformation. D.Bychangingthewaychoicesarepresented.10.Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?ATheindividualchoices. B.Thepresentationofoptions.C.Thedecisionmakingprocess. D.Thesizeoftheparticipantgroups.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardTverskyandKahneman’sstudies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.DMostofusknowwhatitfeelsliketoblush(臉紅).Thefacebeeswarmandred,andweexperienceselfconsciousemotions,suchasembarrassment,shyness,shame,andpride.ItisperhapsnowonderthatCharlesDarwinreferredtoitas“themostspecialandthemosthumanofallexpressions”.Butwhydoweblush,andwhatarethemechanismsbehindit?Toanswerthesequestions,researchersinvestigatedblushingbylookingattheactivatedbrainareasinanMRIscannerwhilemeasuringthecheektemperature—anindicatorofblushing.Tocauseablushingresponseinacontrolledexperimentalsetting,theparticipantsattendedthelabfortwoseparatesessions.Duringthefirstsession,theywereaskedtosingdifficultkaraokesongs,andinthesecondsession,theywatchedrecordingsoftheirownsingingwhiletheirbrainactivityandphysiologicalresponsesweremeasured.Asexpectedtheresearchersfoundthatparticipantsblushedmorewhilewatchingtheirownrecordingsinparisontootherparticipants’recordings.Therelatedbrainareasweresomewhatsurprising.Blushingwasassociatedwithincreasedactivityinthecerebellum,anareamostknownforitsroleinmovementandcoordination(協(xié)調(diào)).Theresearchersalsofoundincreasedactivationintheearlyvisualareas,suggestingthatthevideosoftheirownsingingcapturedtheblushingparticipants’attentionthemost.Surprisingly,therewasnoactivationinareastraditionallyknowntobeinvolvedinunderstandingthementalstateofoneselforothers.“Basedonthis,weconcludedthatthinkingaboutothers’thoughtsmaynotbenecessaryforblushingtooccur,”Nikolicconcludes.“Blushingmaybeapartoftheautomaticexcitementyoufeelwhenyouareexposedandthereissomethingthatisrelevanttotheself.”Blushingitselfisveryinterestingbecauseit’suniversal.However,therearesomepeoplewhodevelopaphobiaofblushing,suchasthosewithsocialanxietydisorder.Whenweunderstandthemechanismsofblushing,wecanbettertargetthebadfeelingofblushingaswell.Asidefromthat,it’sinterestingtoknowmoreaboutblushingingeneral,sinceithappensveryoftenandisamonpartofoureverydaylives.12.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthetwoseparatesessionsintheexperiment?ATomeasurefacialtemperatureduringblushing.B.Toanalyzethebrain’sresponsetoselfexposure.C.Toparebrainactivityindifferentsocialsituations.D.Tocauseblushingbycreatingembarrassingsituations.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutblushinginparagraph3?A.Itcanenhancepersonalattention. B.Itmayconnectwithselfexposure.C.Itactivatesvisualareasinthebrain. D.Itarisesfrommindingothers’thoughts.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phobia”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Fear. B.Interest. C.Habit. D.Anger.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Socialimpactsofblushing. B.Themethodstostudyblushing.C.Thehiddentruthbehindblushing. D.Effectivewaystoavoidblushing.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MaintainingaHealthyWeightManyfactorscanaffectyourweight,includingyourgenes,age,gender,lifestyle,familyhabits,cultureandsleep.____16____Regardless,followinganutritiouseatingpatternandexercisingregularlycanhelpkeepyourbodyashealthyaspossibleasyouage.Readontolearnwhyweightmaychangeasyougetolder.Whydoesweightchangeasweage?Asweage,metabolism—howthebodygetsenergyfromfood—canchange.Thismeansthatsomeolderadultsmustbeemoreactiveoreatfewercaloriestomaintaintheiridealweight.____17____Thiscanhappenifyouhavelessofanappetite,difficultyleavingthehousetobuyfood,painwhenchewingorswallowing.Whyshouldolderadultsmaintainahealthyweight?Maintaininganormalweightiscrucialforhealthyaging.Beingoverweightinolderadultscanleadtomorehealthproblems.Theseincludeheartdisease,highbloodpressure,stroke,anddiabetes.____18____Howarefoodexercise,andcaloriesconnected?Stayingactiveandchoosinghealthyfoodscanhelpyoumaintainagoodweight,boostenergy,andreducehealthrisks.Choosenutrientrichfoodsandaimfor150minutesofexerciseweekly.____19____Yourbodyneedsacertainnumberofcalorieseachday,dependingonyouractivitylevelandotherfactors,tomaintainyourcurrentweight.HowmuchphysicalactivitydoIneed?____20____Aimforatleast150minutesofheartpumpingactivityeachweek.Youcanbreakupthisoutoverthecourseofsevendays.Ifyoucan’treachthisgoalimmediately,beasactiveaspossible.Doingsomethingisbetterthannothing.A.Otherolderadultsmayloseweightunintentionally.B.Changeyourusualfoodsintohealthieralternatives.C.You’dbettertalkwithyourdoctorbeforeworkingout.D.Exerciseandphysicalactivityaregoodforjustabouteveryone.E.Someofthesefactorscanmakeithardtoachieveahealthyweight.F.Theenergyyougetfromthefoodsanddrinksismeasuredincalories.G.Losingweightormaintainingahealthyweightcanhelpdecreasetheserisks.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Onasunnyautumnmorning,Emilyexploredthewoodsbehindhergrandmother’shouse.Theairwasfilledwiththesmelloffallenleavesandbirdsongs.Emilylovedvisitinghergrandmother,whosehouse____21____ontheedgeofthismagicalforest.Each____22____wasanadventure,filledwith____23____ofwoodlandcreaturesandhiddentreasures.Today,Emilywasdeterminedtofindtheoldoaktreehergrandmotheroften____24____.Thistree,accordingtohergrandmother,wastheheartoftheforestandhometocountlessstories.Asshewalkeddeeperintothewoods,thetreecoverabove____25____,castingspottyshadowsontheforestfloor.Emily’sexcitement____26____witheachstep.Afterwhatfeltlikehours,Emily____27____amassivetreewithroughrootsandatrunkso____28____thatitwouldtakethreepeopletoencircleit.Sheknew____29____thatthiswasthefamousoak.Itsbranchesstretchedoutlikewelingarms,andshefeltasenseofwonderand____30____.Emilysatdownatthebaseofthetree,feelingitsancientbarkunderherfingers.Sheclosedhereyes,lettingthepeacefulfeelingoftheforest____31____overher.Inthatmoment,shefeltconnectedtosomethingmuchlargerthanherself,atimeless____32____betweennatureandmankind.Asthesunbeganto____33____,castingagoldenlightacrossthewoods,Emilyknewshehadfoundher____34____,notingoldorjewels,butinthedeep____35____oftheforestandthestoriesitwhispered.21.A.hung B.sat C.moved D.shone22.A.lesson B.flight C.party D.visit23.A.books B.dreams C.ideas D.tales24.A.spokeof B.pointedat C.lookedfor D.thoughtabout25.A.disappeared B.opened C.thickened D.lowered26.A.grew B.lessened C.sank D.appeared27.A.planted B.spotted C.decorated D.appreciated28A.narrow B.slim C.tall D.wide29.A.eventually B.gradually C.instantly D.absolutely30.A.respect B.frustration C.responsibility D.guilty31.A.take B.wash C.get D.hand32.A.conflict B.distance C.bond D.petition33.A.rise B.set C.hide D.burn34.A.secret B.passion C.treasure D.confidence35.A.impression B.freshness C.fancy D.calm第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everyyear,theworldneedsmoreenergy.Ascountriesdevelopandpopulationsgrow,energydemandrises.Historically,coal,oilandgashavebeenprimarysources,buttheirusecauses____36____(pollute)andclimatechange.Luckily,manycountriesareswitchingfromdirtyfossilfuelstoclean,greenandrenewableenergysources.Fossilfuelslikecoalandoilreleaseharmfulgases,likecarbondioxide,whichadd____37____globalwarming.Plus,thesefuelswillrunouteventually.Once____38____sourcehasbeenusedup,anothermust____39____(find),andfindingnewsourcesbeesmoredifficultandexpensiveovertime.Withnoemissionsorwaste,renewableenergysourcescause____40____(limit)damagetotheenvironment.Theyarerenewablebecausetheycanbe____41____(natural)replacedandcanthereforebeconsumedwithouttheriskof____42____(use)themup.Canrenewablesreallybethefutureofenergy?Ourmodernworldhasbeenbuiltonfossilfuels,soitistough____43____(change)quickly.ButChinaandothersusemorerenewables.Giventheproblemsofclimatechange,thereislittledoubt____44____theywillcontinuetogrow.Newbatterytechnology,forexample,solvestheproblemofbringingelectricityfrom_____45_____(distance)sourcestocities.Alongwithourbeingmoreawareofourenergyconsumptionandwaste,acleanandgreenenergyfutureispossibleandnecessary.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，本學(xué)期你選修了一門學(xué)校新開設(shè)的課程，請(qǐng)你給英國朋友James寫一封郵件分享你的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)。內(nèi)容包括：(1)課程介紹；(2)學(xué)習(xí)感受。注意：(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearJames,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Jenny,anelevenyearoldgirl,hadalwaysbeenshyandquiet.Sherarelyspokeupinclassandoftenfoundherselffeelinginvisible.Oneday,herteachera