專題17上海高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教學(xué)指導(dǎo)-2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解教學(xué)指導(dǎo)2023高考總復(fù)習(xí)題試卷結(jié)構(gòu)型簡(jiǎn)介總體分析存在問(wèn)題測(cè)量目標(biāo)教解題思路學(xué)步驟真題分析如何備課模考分析01題型簡(jiǎn)介大題結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試題型題量在總分中所占分值聽(tīng)短對(duì)話多項(xiàng)選擇10題20題140分短文或長(zhǎng)對(duì)話多項(xiàng)選擇10題語(yǔ)言知識(shí)語(yǔ)法短文填空10題20題詞匯選詞填空10題讀完形填空多項(xiàng)選擇15題30題語(yǔ)篇閱讀多項(xiàng)選擇11題選句填空4題讀寫(xiě)綜合梗概寫(xiě)作1題1題寫(xiě)單句表達(dá)中譯英4題4題篇章表達(dá)指導(dǎo)性寫(xiě)作1題1題2022年高考(上海卷)試卷結(jié)構(gòu)2017年高考英語(yǔ)（上海卷）測(cè)量目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)口語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力閱讀寫(xiě)作●能在語(yǔ)境中正確識(shí)別和理解不同語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)等所表達(dá)的意義;●能在語(yǔ)境中正確理解和運(yùn)用詞匯;●能在語(yǔ)境中正確識(shí)別、理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí);●能在語(yǔ)境中正確理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的交際功能?！衲苓\(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)音知識(shí)和朗讀技能，用正確的語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)朗讀句子和文章;●能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言意念、功能，根據(jù)情景要求進(jìn)行詢問(wèn)以獲得所需的信息;●能對(duì)人物或事件進(jìn)行口頭描述、解釋或評(píng)述;●能聽(tīng)懂日常會(huì)話用語(yǔ)，并對(duì)此作出應(yīng)答;●能根據(jù)所聽(tīng)材料內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題，并表達(dá)個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)、感受或作出評(píng)論?！衲塬@取并理解話語(yǔ)中的事實(shí)信息;●能根據(jù)話語(yǔ)中的事實(shí)信息進(jìn)行分析判斷;●能推斷話語(yǔ)中隱含的意思;●能歸納話語(yǔ)的主旨大意●能理解文章的基本內(nèi)容;●能根據(jù)上下文正確理解詞語(yǔ)和句子;●能推斷文章中的隱含意思;●能理解作者的寫(xiě)作意圖;●能歸納段落或文章的主旨大意;●能理解句子、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系?！衲苓\(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)譯出正確通順的句子;●能根據(jù)題意正確、連貫、貼切地進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)?！衲苡米约旱恼Z(yǔ)言概括所讀材料?？傮w分析您的內(nèi)容打在這里，或者通過(guò)復(fù)制您的文本后，在此框中選擇粘貼，并選擇只保留文字。您的內(nèi)容打在這里，或者通過(guò)復(fù)制您的文本后，在此框中選擇粘貼，并選擇只保留文字。您的內(nèi)容打在這里，或者通過(guò)復(fù)制您的文本后，在此框中選擇粘貼，并選擇只保留文字。1)字?jǐn)?shù)：A篇·348+B篇·267+C篇·4182)題材：科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)3)體裁：記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文4)題型：詞義猜測(cè)題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、主旨大意題、態(tài)度題選擇粘貼，并選擇只保留文字。添加標(biāo)題推斷題舉例69.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat“PattyPoem”leadsthewriterto_______.【2016A篇】70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.【2016B篇】74.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhether_______.【2016C篇】69.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutsnowmenfromthepassage?【2015A篇】76.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.【2015C篇】75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______.【2014C篇】主旨題舉例77.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?【2015C篇】70.Inthefilmreview,whatisparagraphAmainlyabout?【2015B篇】77.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.【2014B篇】69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?【2014A篇】75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?【2013C篇】75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?【2012C篇】閱讀題型舉例閱讀教學(xué)中學(xué)生自認(rèn)存在的問(wèn)題0403閱讀一定要通讀全文，通讀全部選項(xiàng)02閱讀做不好一定是時(shí)間太少01閱讀做不好一定是詞匯量太少閱讀做不好是平時(shí)刷題太少閱讀教學(xué)中學(xué)生實(shí)際存在的問(wèn)題0403長(zhǎng)難句問(wèn)題02完全沒(méi)有技巧01時(shí)間分配問(wèn)題看錯(cuò)題目閱讀教學(xué)中教師存在的問(wèn)題教學(xué)重點(diǎn)就是單詞和語(yǔ)法，把閱讀課變成了單詞課、語(yǔ)法課。閱讀課上的導(dǎo)入活動(dòng)方法較單一，很少能激發(fā)學(xué)生去深入地思考有關(guān)閱讀材料的各種問(wèn)題。教師在閱讀課上的讀后活動(dòng)效果不佳，很難能達(dá)到提高邏輯思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力目標(biāo)。教師沒(méi)有教會(huì)學(xué)生概括文章主旨或段落大意，文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)，作者寫(xiě)作目的等能力。沒(méi)有教會(huì)學(xué)生略讀，精讀，跳讀，猜測(cè)等閱讀策略02教學(xué)步驟2015高考C篇[1段]OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.“Brutuswasnotanhonorableman,”hesaid.“Hewasatraitor(叛徒).Andhemurderedsomeoneincoldblood.”TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcrueltywhenotheroptionswereavailabletohim.Hemadeabaddecision,theysaid—atleastasitwaspresentedbyShakespeare—totaketheleadinmurderingJuliusCaesar.AndthoughoneoftheexecutivesacknowledgedthatBrutushadthegoodoftherepublicinmind,Caesarwasneverthelesshissuperior.“Youhavetounderstand,”theexecutivessaid,“ourpolicyistoobeythechainofcommand.”[2段]Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporateAmericahavebeenexploitingShakespeare’swisdomforprofitableends.NonemoresothanhusbandandwifeteamKennethandCarolAdelman,well-knownadviserstotheWhiteHouse,whostartedupatrainingcompanycalled“MoversandShakespeares”.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhighlevelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.Theyconductbetween30and40workshopsannually,focusingonhalfadozendifferentplays,mostlyforcorporations,butalsoforgovernmentagencies.[3段]Theworkshopsalltakethesameform,focusingonasingleplayasakindofcasestudy,andusingindividualscenesasspecificlessons.In

JuliusCaesar,forexample,Cassius’sslyprovocation(狡詐的挑唆)ofBrutustotakeuparmsagainstCaesarwasthebasisforadiscussionofmethodsofteambuildingandgrassrootsorganizing.[4段]AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogrammescontainplentyofShakespearetraditionandbackground.Theirworkshopon

HenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationofHenry’swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases(偏向):theirreadingof

HenryV

minimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.AdelmanshadlittlegoodtosayaboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall"couldn'tmakehismindupaboutthings.[5段]Manyoftheparticipantspointedtoveryspecificelementsintheplaythattheyfelttoberelated.Caesar’spride,whichledtohismurder,andBrutus’smistakesinleadingthetraitorsafterthemurder,theysaid,raisevitalquestionsforanyoneservinginabusinesswhenandhowdoyouresisttheboss?

（459words）73.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdidalltheexecutivesthinkofBrutus?A.Cruel.

B.Superior.

C.Honorable.

D.Rude.74.Accordingtothepassage,theAdelmansetup“MoversandShakespeares”to________.A.helpexecutivestounderstandShakespeare’splaysbetterB.giveadviceonleadershipbyanalyzingShakespeare’splaysC.providecasestudiesofShakespeare’splaysinliteratureworkshopsD.guidegovernmentagenciestofollowthecharactersinShakespeare'splays.75.WhydotheAdelmansconductaworkshoponHenryV?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcatchingopportunities.B.Toencouragemasterfulleaderstoplanstrategiestowin.C.Toillustratetheharmofprejudicesinmanagement.

D.Towarnexecutivesagainstpowermisuse.76.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.theAdelmans’programprovesbiasedastherolesofcharactersaremaximized.B.executivesfeelboredwithtoomanyspecificelementsofShakespeare’splays.C.theAdelmanswillmakemoreprofitsiftheyareprofessionalscholars.D.Shakespearehasplayedanimportantroleinthemanagementfield.77.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.A.Shakespeare’splays:ExecutivesreconsidercorporatecultureB.Shakespeare’splays:AnessentialkeytobusinesssuccessC.Shakespeare’splays:AlessonforbusinessmotivationD.Shakespeare’splays:Dramatictrainingbringsdramaticresults2016高考C篇[1段]Enough“meaninglessdrivel”.That’sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.[2段]TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee’sreport,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternational

standardorkitemark(認(rèn)證標(biāo)記)toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.[3段]“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone,”saysAndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.[4段]Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis.“weneedtothinkthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice,”saysMiller.[5段]Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?“Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywould,”saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.“Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation.”Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.[6段]Otherorganizationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew.“Westilldon’tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time,”hesays.[7段]Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedon’tknowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays.[8段]Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon’texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn’tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.

(405words)73.Whatdoesthephrase“meaninglessdrivel”inparagraphs1and3referto?A.Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmakepeoplesignupto.B.WarningsfromtheUKgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites.C.Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly.D.Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms.?74.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhether_______.A.socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyonthekitemarkschemeB.peoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythinkC.akitemarkschemewouldbeworkableonanationwidescaleD.thekitemarkwouldhelpcompaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodels75.AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause_______.

A.theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldB.thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC.theinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureD.itremainsunknownhowusers’datawillbetakenadvantageof76.Thewriteradvisesusersofsocialmediato_______.A.thinkcarefullybeforepostinganythingontosuchwebsitesB.readthetermsandconditionsevenifthereisakitemarkC.takenofurtheractioniftheycanfindakitemarkD.avoidprovidingtoomuchpersonalinformation77.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Saynotosocialmedia?B.Newsecurityrulesinoperation?C.Acceptwithoutreading?D.Administrationmatters!0504030201StepOneStepTwoStepThreeStepFourStepFive閱讀理解教學(xué)步驟初步預(yù)判關(guān)鍵詞→定位段定位段→定位句定位句match選項(xiàng)句選定答案自我檢查1標(biāo)記段落數(shù)2審查題數(shù)3預(yù)判答案所在段落初步預(yù)判2018閔行一模[1段]Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.“OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.”saidNevilleAlexander,DirectoroftheProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaattheUniversityofCapeTown.[2段]InresponsetothespreadofEnglishandtheincreasedmulti-languagetrendsarisingfromimmigration,manycountrieshaveintroducedlanguagelawsinthelastdecade.Insome,theuseoflanguagesotherthanthenationallanguageisbannedinpublicspacessuchasadvertisingposters.Oneofthefirstsuchlegalprovisionswasthe1994“Toubonlaw”inFrance,andtheideahasbeencopiedinmanycountriessincethen.Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftenconsideredasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.[3段]ItisespeciallydifficultfornativespeakersofEnglishtounderstandthedesiretomaintainthe“purity”ofalanguagebylaw.SincethetimeofShakespeare,Englishhascontinuallyabsorbedforeignwordsintoitsownlanguage.Englishisoneofthemostmixedandrapidlychanginglanguagesintheworld,butthathasnotbeenabarriertoacquiringsuperiorityandpower.AnotherreasonforthefailureofmanynativeEnglishspeakerstounderstandtheroleofthestateregulationisthatithasneverbeentheAnglo-Saxonwayofdoingthings.Englishhasneverhadastate-controlledauthorityforthelanguage,similar,forexample,totheAcademicFran?oiseinFrance.[4段]Theneedtoprotectnationallanguagesis,formostwesternEuropeans,arecentphenomenon—especiallytheneedtoensurethatEnglishdoesnotunnecessarilytakeovertoomanyfields.Publiccommunication,educationandnewwaysofcommunicationpromotedbytechnology,maybekeyfieldstodefend.63.NevilleAlexanderbelievesthat__________.A.mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinallAfricancountriesB.globalizationhasresultedintheeconomicfailureofAfricaC.globalizationhasledtotheriseofmulti-languagetrendD.lackofmother-tongueeducationcanleadtoeconomicfailure64.Theunderlinedword“futile”(inparagraph2)mostprobablymeans“__________”.A.workableB.practical C.useless D.unnecessary65.WhydomanyEnglish-speakingcountriesnotsupportthelanguageprotectioneffortsdescribedinthepassage?A.Theythinklanguageprotectionlawsareineffective.B.Theywanttheirlanguagetospreadtoothercountries.C.Theyhavealonghistoryoftakingwordsfromotherlanguages.D.Itreducesalanguage’sabilitytoacquireinternationalimportance.66.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Englishhastakenoverfieldslikepubliccommunicationandeducation.B.ManyaspectsofnationalculturearethreatenedbythespreadofEnglish.C.Mostlanguageexpertsbelieveitisimportanttopromoteanationallanguage.D.Europeanshavelongrealizedtheneedtoprotectanationallanguage.段落數(shù)=題目數(shù)2018浦東一模Dentalhealth:Brushwithconfidence[1段]Childrenshouldbetaughttobrushtheirteethregularly.Butthesuspicionremainsamongsomepeople,dentistsincluded,thatevenso,certainchildrenaredoomedtodevelopdentalcavities.Thehypothesisbehindthisfearisthatsomecombinationsofgenesmaygiverisetothesortsoforalbacteriawhichareresponsibleforcavities.Iftrue,thatwouldbesadfortheyoungstersconcerned.ButastudyjustpublishedinCellHostandMicrobe,byAndresGomezandKarenNelsonoftheJ.CraigVenterInstitute,inSanDiego,suggestsitisn’ttrue.[2段]Themouthishometomanyspeciesofmicrobes.Mostaregood.Some,though,arewellknowntosecreteacidicwasteproductswhenfedsugar.Thisacidityweakensteeth,causingthemtodecay.Totrytofindoutwhetherachild’sgenesplayanyroleinencouragingsuchacid-secretingbugs,DrGomezandDrNelsonsetupanexperimentwithtwins.[3段]Their“volunteers”were280pairsoffraternaltwinsand205pairsofidenticaltwins,allagedbetweenfiveand11,whohadnottakenantibioticsduringtheprevioussixmonths.Thechildrenwereaskedtostopbrushingtheirteeththeeveningandthemorningbeforethecrucialmomentofdatacollection.Thiswaswhentheresearchersswabbedthechildren’sgingivalsulci(thecleftsbetweenteethandgums,inwhichbacteriacollect)tofindoutwhatwasthere.Thechildrenalsohadtheirteethscoredbydentistsasbelongingtooneofthreecategories:havingnosignsofcurrentorpreviousdentalcavities;havingsignsofcurrentorpreviouscavitiesaffectingtheenamel(atooth’shard,outerlayer);orhavingsignsofcavitiesthatpenetratedtheenamelandaffectedtheunderlyingdentineaswell.[4段]DrGomezandDrNelsonfoundthat,thoughidenticaltwinssharedmanygroupsofbacteriawhichwerenotsharedbyfraternaltwins,noneofthesewasatyperesponsibleforcavities.Moreover,similaritiesinbacterialfloraweregreatestamongfive-toseven-year-olds,weakeramongseven-to-nine-year-oldandweakestamongnine-to-11-year-olds.Thissuggeststhatanyrolegenesdoplayinregulatingthemouth’secologyfadeswithtime.[5段]Farfromsupportingtheideathatsomechildrenarefatedtosufferfromcavitiesnomatterhowwelltheybrushtheirteeth,theseresultsmakeitclearthatthepowertocontrolthegrowthoftherelevantbacteriaisverymuchwithinreachofchildrenandtheirparents.Brushing,however,maynotbetheonlyapproach.Avoidingsugaryfoodsisobviouslyderigueur.Itseemslikely,though,thatwhichotherfoodsachildeatsmayhelpshapehisoralecosystem,too.Thisisanareaofongoingresearch.But,asintheintestines（腸道）,sointhemouth,scientificmedicineisatlastcomingtogripswiththefactthatthemixtureofmicrobespresentisbothimportantandcapableofmanipulation,tothebenefitofthehost.段落數(shù)＞題目數(shù)，無(wú)主旨題63.Whatdoes“hypothesis”refertoinparagraph1?A.Children’sfailuretobrushtheirteethproperlyleadstotoothdecay.B.Somechildrenareprogrammedtodeveloptoothdecay.C.Youngstersaresuspiciousoftheeffectivenessoftooth-brushing.D.Somegenesaremorelikelytoleadtodentalcavities.64.DrGomezandDrNelsonconductedanexperimenttofindout_________.A.whethergeneshaveanythingtodowithdentaldecayB.whichgroupoftwinsaremorelikelytohavedecayedteethC.whatkindsoffoodstendtogiverisetotoothdecayD.whytheecosystemoftheintestinesissimilartothatofthemouth65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisUNTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Scientistsarenotyetsurehowecosystemofthemouthisformed.B.Therolegenesplayincontrollingecosystemofthemouthweakenswiththetime.C.Thechildrenareclassifiedintothreegroupsaccordingtothedegreesofdentalcavities.D.Identicaltwinsarenotasgeneticallyclosetoeachotherasfraternaltwins.66.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theexistenceofmultiplemicrobesbenefitschildren’soralecosystem.B.Whatachildeatsenhancesthehealthfulnessofachild’soralecosystem.C.Cuttingdownonsugarintakeisthemostlikelywaytopreventtoothdecay.D.Parentsareinnopositiontohelptheirchildrenmaintainhealthyoralecosystem.段落數(shù)＞題目數(shù)段落數(shù)＞題目數(shù)，有篇章題[1段]Morethanfivemilliondifferentkindsoforganisms(生物體)liveontheEarth.Forthousandsofyears,humanshavesearchedforwaystoorganizethisdiversity(多樣性).Intheeighteenthcentury,aSwedishprofessor,physician,andnaturalistnamedCarolusLinnaeusdevelopedthesystemofnamingandclassifyingorganismsthatweusetoday.[2段]Linnaeuscontributedtothemodernclassificationoforganismsintwoways.Hefirstdevelopedaconventionfornaminglifeforms.[3段]BeforeLinnaeuscameupwithastandardizedsystemofnaming,therewereoftenmanynamesforasinglespecies,andthesenamestendedtobelongandconfusing.LinnaeusdecidedthatallspeciesnamesshouldbeinLatinandshouldhavetwoparts,oneindicatingthegenus(plural:genera),agroupthatincludessimilarspeciesandoneindicatingthespecificnameofthespecies.Whenwrittenalone,thespecificnameismeaninglesssincemanydifferentspeciesindifferentgenerahavethesamespecificname.Thespecificnamefamiliaris,forexample,iscommonlyusedtodescribespecies.Therefore,whenusedbyitself,itwouldnotdescribeanyoneorganism.Whenthegenusisalsogiven,however,asinCanisfamiliaris,weknowthatthenamereferstoaspecificorganism:thedomesticdog.[4段]Linnaeuswasalsotheoriginatorofmoderntaxonomy,asystemofclassifyingnaturebasedonhierarchical(分層的)groupings.Linnaeusfirstgroupedlifeformsintothreebroadgroups,calledkingdoms.Thesekingdomswereanimals,plants,andminerals.Hedividedeachofthesekingdomsintoclasses,classesintoorders,ordersintogenera(genusissingular)andthengeneraintospecies,groupingorganismsaccordingtosharedphysicalcharacteristics.[5段]AlthoughmoderntaxonomistsstillusethehierarchicalstructureofLinnaeus’sclassificationsystemaswellashismethodofgroupingorganismsaccordingtoobservablesimilarities,theyhaveaddedhierarchicallevelsandsignificantlychangedLinnaeus’soriginalgroupings.Thebroadestleveloflifeisnowadomain.Alllivingthingsfitintoonlythreedomains.Withineachofthesedomainstherearekingdoms.Eachkingdomcontainsphyla(singularisphylum),followedbyclass,order,family,genus,andspecies.[6段]InadditiontotheLinnaeankingdomsofplantsandanimals,biologistsrecognizeprokaryotes,protists,andfungiasseparatekingdoms.Theprokaryotesaretheoldestandmostabundantgroupoforganisms.Theyarealsothesmallestcellularorganisms.Commonbacteria,whichhavebeenknowntosurviveinmanyenvironmentsthatsupportnootherformoflife,fallintothiscategory.Theprotistkingdomismadeupofavarietyofsingle-celledorsimplemulticellularorganisms.Protistsdonothavemuchincommon.Theyare,essentially,thoseorganismswhichdonotfitintoanyotherkingdom.Fungicomposeathirdkingdom.Likeplants,thecellsoffungihavecellwalls,givingthematube-likestructure.However,fungidonotproducetheirowncarbonasplantsdo.Rather,theyacquirenutrientsbyabsorbinganddigestingcarbonproducedbyotherorganisms.Yeastsandmushroomsareexamplesoffungi.63.Thewritergivesthescientificnameofthedomesticdoginparagraph3inorderto__________.A.demonstrateLinnaeus’smethodofclassificationB.introducetheneedforabettersystemofnamingorganismsC.criticizethecomplexityofLinnaeus’snamingsystemD.illustratethenecessityofincludingtwopartswhennamingorganism64.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.ThehierarchicalstructureofLinnaeus’ssystemforclassifyingisnolongerinuse.B.Linnaeus’soriginalsystemofclassificationconsistedof3domains.C.Linnaeus’soriginalsystemofclassificationisusedtodaywithlittlemodifications.D.Moderntaxonomistshaveaddedcategoriesandregroupedorganisms.65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutprotists?A.Theydonotsharethecharacteristicsofanyoftheotherfourkingdoms.B.Theyaregroupedtogetherbasedonsimilarcharacteristics.C.Theyarelimitedtosingle-cellorganisms.D.Theyacquirenutrientsbyeatingotherorganisms.66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheFatherofModernTaxonomy B.ClassifyingOrganismsC.DevelopmentinLifeForms D.Linnaeus’sClassificationSystem段落數(shù)＞題目數(shù)，有篇章題總結(jié)：出題原則出題順序與段落順序一致每個(gè)段落0-2題出題原則答案不出定位段原則Besttitle題答案不在段落0504030201StepOneStepTwoStepThreeStepFourStepFive閱讀理解教學(xué)步驟初步預(yù)判題干關(guān)鍵詞→定位段定位段→定位句定位句match選項(xiàng)句選定答案自我檢查3.Thewritergivesthescientificnameofthedomesticdoginparagraph3inorderto__________.【2018徐匯一模】A.demonstrateLinnaeus’smethodofclassificationB.introducetheneedforabettersystemofnamingorganismsC.criticizethecomplexityofLinnaeus’snamingsystemD.illustratethenecessityofincludingtwopartswhennamingorganism[3段]BeforeLinnaeuscameupwithastandardizedsystemofnaming,therewereoftenmanynamesforasinglespecies,andthesenamestendedtobelongandconfusing.LinnaeusdecidedthatallspeciesnamesshouldbeinLatinandshouldhavetwoparts,oneindicatingthegenus(plural:genera),agroupthatincludessimilarspeciesandoneindicatingthespecificnameofthespecies.Whenwrittenalone,thespecificnameismeaninglesssincemanydifferentspeciesindifferentgenerahavethesamespecificname.Thespecificnamefamiliaris,forexample,iscommonlyusedtodescribespecies.Therefore,whenusedbyitself,itwouldnotdescribeanyoneorganism.Whenthegenusisalsogiven,however,asinCanisfamiliaris,weknowthatthenamereferstoaspecificorganism:thedomesticdog.[3段]BeforeLinnaeuscameupwithastandardizedsystemofnaming,therewereoftenmanynamesforasinglespecies,andthesenamestendedtobelongandconfusing.LinnaeusdecidedthatallspeciesnamesshouldbeinLatinandshouldhavetwoparts,oneindicatingthegenus(plural:genera),agroupthatincludessimilarspeciesandoneindicatingthespecificnameofthespecies.Whenwrittenalone,thespecificnameismeaninglesssincemanydifferentspeciesindifferentgenerahavethesamespecificname.Thespecificnamefamiliaris,forexample,iscommonlyusedtodescribespecies.Therefore,whenusedbyitself,itwouldnotdescribeanyoneorganism.Whenthegenusisalsogiven,however,asinCanisfamiliaris,weknowthatthenamereferstoaspecificorganism:thedomesticdog.1、題干中有段落信息+有關(guān)鍵詞1.FastTrackisaimedto_____.【2018崇明一?！緼.improvechildren’sacademicskills B.helpthechildrenwithbehaviordisordersC.identifytheproblematicchildren D.classifychildrenintodifferentgroups[2段]DukeUniversityresearcherslookedataprogramcalledFastTrack,whichwasstartedinthe1990sforchildrenwhowereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.2、題干中無(wú)段落信息+有關(guān)鍵詞2.NeilBernsteinthinksthat_____.【2018崇明一?！緼.empathicchildrenaremorelikelytohavehigheremotionalintelligenceB.thefindingsofthestudiesdisagreewithwhathehasfoundinhisworkC.empathyisequallyessentialineducatingandsocializingchildrenD.self-controlandsocialskillsarenotasimportantasempathy[7段]ToNeilBernstein,apsychologistinWashington,D.C.,whospecializesinchildandadolescentbehaviordisorders,theresearchers’findingsseemtomatchwhathe’sseenamongthegeneralpublicinworkingwithchildrenformorethan30years.Andwhilehesaysheagreeswiththeimportanceofteachingself-controlandsocialskills,hewouldaddempathytothelist,too.3、題干中無(wú)段落信息+無(wú)關(guān)鍵詞【例65】64.“Keeptheteacheratbay”(paragragh3)meansthewayhomeworkisdone____.【2017嘉定一模】A.imposesenormousmeaninglessevaluatingworkonteachersB.blocksteachersfromknowingmoreabouttheirstudentsC.displaysthegreateffortsstudentsmaketosatisfytheirteachersD.showsachievementsteachersexpecttoaccomplishintheirwork65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?【2017嘉定一?！緼.Homeworkishardlyfunctioningasisnaturallyexpected.B.Parentsneedtostandawayfromtheirchildren’shomework.C.Studentspreferdoing