2025版高考英語大二輪復習專題一語法填空與短文改錯第二部分語法精析第三節(jié)名詞冠詞和數(shù)詞學案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1第三節(jié)名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞考向分析熱考點語法填空：名詞考查重點為單復數(shù)，變動詞和形容詞；冠詞是考查熱點，多關注固定結(jié)構(gòu)；數(shù)詞考查較少。短文改錯：名詞重點考查可數(shù)名詞未用復數(shù)和不行數(shù)名詞誤用復數(shù)；冠詞的誤用和漏用都要關注；數(shù)詞考查基數(shù)詞變更為序數(shù)詞。新考向2024全國卷中削減了對名詞單復數(shù)的考查，加強了對名詞變動詞或形容詞的考查。題型一關于名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞的語法填空1．Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedineq\x(various)(activity)onEarthDay.(2024·北京)答案activities解析考查名詞復數(shù)。依據(jù)設空前的修飾詞various可知，此處要用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填activities。2．MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2024·浙江)答案dishes3．Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromeq\x(all)(cause)．(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名詞復數(shù)。cause表示“緣由，起因”時是可數(shù)名詞，前面有all，故填cause的復數(shù)形式。4．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadeq\x(some)unintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名詞復數(shù)。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個例子overweightandheartdisease可知名詞effect用復數(shù)形式effects。5．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案crowds解析考查名詞復數(shù)。crowd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒有限定詞，故應用復數(shù)形式。6．Shehasturneddowneq\x(several)(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案invitations解析考查名詞復數(shù)。several表“幾個”，其后要用名詞invitation的復數(shù)形式。7．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledouteq\x(ahandfulof)small(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2024·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名詞復數(shù)。ahandfulof一把，幾個，后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。ahandfulofcarrots幾個胡蘿卜。8．Recent(study)eq\x(show)thatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案studies解析考查名詞復數(shù)。依據(jù)后面的謂語動詞show，表示復數(shù)形式，故主語也應是復數(shù)形式。提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，確認不須要變更詞性，就可以考慮用名詞復數(shù)形式。一些標記詞可以快速確認。1．修飾詞①oneof＋名詞復數(shù)。②大于2的基數(shù)詞，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，several，all，both，other，a(large)numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名詞復數(shù)。③some后假如名詞可數(shù)，要用復數(shù)。2．謂語動詞：假如所填的名詞作主語，謂語動詞是復數(shù)形式are，were，have或動詞原形，則用名詞復數(shù)。3．特殊的復數(shù)名詞belongingsn．財產(chǎn)possessionsn．財產(chǎn)congratulations慶賀surroundingsn．環(huán)境findingsn．發(fā)覺good/badmannersn．有禮貌/沒禮貌taketurns輪番inalldirections四面八方inruins嚴峻受損；破敗不堪1．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoeq\x(a)(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案belief解析考查名詞。依據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。2．Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder)．(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案wonderful解析考查形容詞作表語。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動詞is之后應用形容詞作表語，故填wonderful。3．Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofeq\x(an)interesting(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案competition解析考查名詞。由空前的aninteresting可以確定空格處應當填名詞形式。故填competition。4．Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)eq\x(stories)aboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案traditional解析考查形容詞?？崭裉幮揎椕~stories，應用形容詞，tradition的形容詞形式為traditional，故填traditional。5．OtherAmericanstudiesshowedeq\x(no)(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2024·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名詞。no是形容詞，修飾名詞，connect的名詞形式為connection表示“聯(lián)系，關聯(lián)”，為可數(shù)名詞，故填connection/connections。6．Schooluniformseq\x(are)(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2024·浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。are是系動詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。7．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyeq\x(and)(meaning)collegeexperience.(2024·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience，故此處也要用形容詞形式。故填meaningful。8．Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.(2024·浙江)答案weight9．Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexerciseseq\x(to)(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案strengthen解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變動詞。此處不定式短語作目的狀語，故填strength的動詞形式strengthen。10．Runningischeap，easyandit’salways(energy)．(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變形容詞。連系動詞is后接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。11．AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)eq\x(fertilizerconsumption)...(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案global解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。修飾名詞短語fertilizerconsumption應用形容詞，名詞globe的形容詞形式是global。12．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)eq\x(who)studiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案scientist解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞構(gòu)詞法。由空后的who可知，定語從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞。scientist科學家。(一)提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，如須要變更詞性，依據(jù)語境確認用哪種詞性。構(gòu)詞法——常見的詞根詞綴①-en動詞后綴strength→strengthen加強fright→frighten使膽怯 length→lengthen延長②-fy動詞后綴beauty→beautify美化qualification→qualify使取得(資格)class→classify分類③-ize/-ise動詞后綴apology→apologiz(s)e致歉memory→memorize記住④常見形容詞后綴eq\x(名詞＋-y)sun→sunny陽光足夠的fog→foggy有霧的wealth→wealthy富有的health→healthy健康的noise→noisy吵鬧的eq\x(動詞＋-able)advise→advisable明智的，可取的comfort→comfortable舒適的accept→acceptable可接受的eq\x(名詞＋-al)education→educational有教化意義的season→seasonal季節(jié)的addition→additional附加的，額外的accident→accidental意外的eq\x(名詞＋-en)wood→wooden木制的gold→golden金色的eq\x(動詞＋-ent)differ→different不同的insist→insistent堅持的depend→dependent依靠的eq\x(名詞＋-ish)fool→foolish愚蠢的self→selfish自私的child→childish孩子氣的eq\x(動詞＋-ive)act→active主動的impress→impressive印象深刻的eq\x(名詞＋-ful)power→powerful強有力的peace→peaceful和平的beauty→beautiful漂亮的wonder→wonderful很棒的help→helpful有幫助的eq\x(名詞＋-less-ful的反義)home→homeless無家可歸的hope→hopeless無望的help→helpless無助的eq\x(名詞＋-ous)fame→famous出名的envy→envious艷羨的humor→humorous幽默的ambition→ambitious有野心的caution→cautious謹慎的eq\x(名詞＋-ly)friend→friendly友好的order→orderly有秩序的time→timely剛好的month→monthly每月的day→daily每天的eq\x(動詞＋-ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)promise→promising有前途的reward→rewarding值得的last→lasting持續(xù)的appeal→appealing吸引人的invite→inviting迷人的eq\x(特殊變更)variety→various多種多樣的value→valuable寶貴的benefit→beneficial有益的energy→energetic充溢活力的⑤名詞以-ce結(jié)尾，形容詞以-t結(jié)尾confidence→confident自信的elegance→elegant優(yōu)雅的patience→patient有耐性的evidence→evident明顯的intelligence→intelligent有才智的，智能的violence→violent暴力的，猛烈的(二)提示詞是動詞，首先分析句子并依據(jù)語境標記詞確認是否須要填名詞。1．句子結(jié)構(gòu)①設空作主語，或者作及物動詞、動詞短語或介詞的賓語，填名詞。②系動詞之后，含義是“什么”，用名詞。2．語境標記詞①冠詞＋(形容詞＋)名詞。②形容詞性物主代詞、全部格、數(shù)詞、量詞、形容詞之后，往往用名詞。③and/but/or并列連詞連接并列成分。3．動詞變名詞規(guī)律①常見的名詞后綴-ness，-ment，-tion，-ance，-sion②describe→description描述permit→permission允許apply→application申請；應用argue→argument爭辯conclude→conclusion結(jié)論depend→dependence依靠③動詞＋-al變成名詞arrive→arrival到達approve→approval批準；贊同withdraw→withdrawal撤回；取款dispose→disposal處理propose→proposal建議；求婚survive→survival幸存1．Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案the解析考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案a解析考查冠詞。依據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個玩笑”可知，此處joke為泛指，且joke的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭故填a。3．Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.(2024·浙江)答案the解析句意為：每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。4．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案the解析考查冠詞。此處特指過去的25年，故用定冠詞the。5．Unexpectedly，I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案the解析考查冠詞。atthetopofone’slungs用最洪亮的聲音，放聲大叫，為固定搭配。6．Asresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠詞。asaresult結(jié)果。7．Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案a解析考查冠詞。句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。8．ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2024·浙江)答案a解析考查冠詞。awonder一個奇跡。1．定冠詞the①上文提及，獨一無二，一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞前，西洋樂器前，序數(shù)詞前，最高級前，用定冠詞the。②含有修飾限定詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中③“the＋adj.”表示一類人the＋定語＋名詞the＋名詞＋定語從句/非謂語作定語thevery/only＋名詞thesame2．泛指，表“一個”用a/an。往往沒有修飾限定詞，a/an＋(形容詞)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞①首字母是元音字母，但發(fā)輔音，用冠詞a，如auniversity，a＋useful/usual/unique/united/European/one-eyed/one-way＋名詞②以u開頭，但用an(往往是un-否定前綴)：an＋unusual/unhappy/unforgettable＋名詞，anumbrella雨傘③首字母是輔音字母但發(fā)元音：anhour，anhonor，an＋honest＋名詞3．固定搭配中的冠詞①定冠詞thecatch/hit/take＋sb.＋介＋the＋身體部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在過去的……日/月/年，makethemost/bestof充分利用，inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下，beinthehabitof有……的習慣，atthesametime同時，atthetopof在……的頂端，forthetimebeing短暫，theotherday＝afewdaysago幾天前，ontheway在途中，inthelongterm/run長遠看來，themore...，themore...句型②不定冠詞a/anhaveagoodtime玩得興奮，makealiving謀生，asaresult因此，forawhile一會，inahurry匆忙地，inaword總之，atadistance離一段距離，awasteof...奢侈，amatterof...……的問題，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；駕馭，makeanapology致歉，payavisitto探望，keepaneyeon照看；關注③抽象名詞詳細化：表示一個……的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureone→first，two→second，three→third，five→fiftheight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→twelfth，twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth題型二關于名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞的短文改錯1.eq\x(All)thefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案player→players解析考查名詞的數(shù)?！皃layer(運動員)”為可數(shù)名詞，all(全部的)后須要用player的復數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。2．SinceIwasakid，I’veconsideredeq\x(different)jobIwouldliketodo.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案job→jobs解析考查名詞的數(shù)。“job(工作；職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應當用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。3．Iwishtohaveachainofcafesineq\x(manydifferent)city.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案city→cities解析考查名詞的數(shù)。manydifferent后跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。4．LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraiseeq\x(dozensof)chicken.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案chicken→chickens解析考查名詞的數(shù)。dozensof很多，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。5．Aftersupper，wewouldplaycardgamesofeq\x(all)sortinthesittingroom.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案sort→sorts解析考查名詞的數(shù)。all后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。ofallsorts各種各樣的。6．Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromeq\x(textbooks)，andmistakeaswell.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案mistake→mistakes解析考查名詞單復數(shù)。mistake是可數(shù)名詞，且由textbooks可知此處所指的“錯誤”不止一個，應用其復數(shù)形式。7．Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案word→words解析考查名詞單復數(shù)。依據(jù)后面引號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容可知word應當用復數(shù)形式words。8．Besides，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案informations→information解析考查名詞的數(shù)。information是不行數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式。1．不行數(shù)名詞furniture家具information信息progress進步advice建議equipment設備knowledge學問homework家庭作業(yè)housework家務活word＝news消息luggage/baggage行李air空氣space空地；空間room空間；余地2．不用冠詞①月/季/星期/節(jié)假(day構(gòu)成)/洲/呼語/頭銜/職務(作表語、補語、同位語時)/三餐/球類慣用語/學科/棋類②與by連用的交通工具前零冠詞bysea，bycar，byair③固定詞組atwar在交戰(zhàn)中inpeace處于和平狀態(tài)ingoodcondition狀況良好catch/losesightof看(不)到doharmto對……有害inplace在恰當?shù)奈恢?．Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmeandalmosthitme.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案football之前加a解析考查冠詞。一般狀況下，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前需加限定詞，football為可數(shù)名詞，且其發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故需加不定冠詞a，表示泛指。2．Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.(2024·全國Ⅲ)答案an→a解析考查冠詞的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在輔音音素前。unique的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，其前應用a。故把an改為a。3．Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案countryside之前加the解析考查冠詞。gotothecountryside表示“去鄉(xiāng)下”，是固定搭配。4．Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案the→a解析考查冠詞。此處表示泛指而非特指。5．Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案first之前加the或my解析詞法錯誤。句意為：我仍舊記得第一天有多艱難。表示第幾天，序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the或者用限定詞進行修飾。6．Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案第一個a→an/one解析詞法錯誤。hour的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，前面要用不定冠詞an。表示“一個小時”可以用anhour也可以用onehour。1．漏用定冠詞the2．定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an的混用3．有冠詞和沒有冠詞含義有區(qū)分①infrontof在……前面(在范圍之外)/inthefrontof在……前部(在范圍之內(nèi))②incontrolof限制/inthecontrolof被……限制③inchargeof管理/inthechargeof受……管理④inword口頭上/inaword總而言之⑤takeplace發(fā)生/taketheplaceof代替⑥outofquestion＝beyondquestion毫無疑問/outofthequestion＝impossible不行能⑦byday在白天/bytheday按天計算⑧inpossessionofsth.擁有某物/inthepossessionofsb.為某人所擁有⑨inplaceof代替/intheplaceof在……地方1．Toeveryone’ssurprising，theballwentintothenet.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案surprising→surprise解析考查固定搭配。toone’ssurprise意為“使某人驚異的是”。故將surprising改為surprise。2．Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteacherverymuch.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案five→fifth解析考查序數(shù)詞。年級、班級是按數(shù)字依次排列的，所以“在幾年級”中的數(shù)詞須要用序數(shù)詞，前面要有定冠詞。故將five改為fifth。3．WhenIwaslittle，F(xiàn)riday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.(2024·全國Ⅱ)答案Friday’s→Friday解析考查名詞作定語。Fridaymorning/afternoon/night星期五的上午/下午/晚上。4．Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.(2024·全國Ⅰ)答案eighteen→eighteenth解析考查序數(shù)詞。表達多少歲生日用序數(shù)詞，因此eighteen應當改為eighteenth。1．名詞全部格表示和名詞之間的所屬關系；構(gòu)成“one’s＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。2．名詞作定語修飾另外一個名詞，表示材料、類別或用途。3．表示依次或等級，用序數(shù)詞。4．分數(shù)：基數(shù)詞為分子，序數(shù)詞為分母。分子大于一，分母序數(shù)詞＋s。增分訓練增分單句訓練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter-schoolprograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.(2024·湖南師大附中模擬)答案a解析第一次提到這個調(diào)查，表示“一個”，用a/an，又因為new的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。2．Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.(2024·山東煙臺萊山試驗中學模擬)答案an解析此處是泛指一條無名的長而狹窄的街道，所以用不定冠詞。因為unnamed的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以用an。3．Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensive(assess)ofeachapplicant.(2024·山東濰坊二模)答案assessment4．InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof(tradition)culture.(2024·河南鄭州質(zhì)檢)答案traditional解析依據(jù)后面的名詞可以確認前面須要填形容詞。所以填traditional。5．Despiteavague(describe)oftheremotemountainvillage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)。特殊留意describe變成名詞是不規(guī)則變更，其名詞形式為description。6．Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，we’ll(strength)theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.(2024·河南名校聯(lián)盟沖刺卷)答案strengthen解析此處須要動詞與and后的live并列作謂語，所以應變?yōu)閟trengthen表示“加強；強化”。7．Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutoplaywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)．(2024·湖南六校聯(lián)考)答案creativity解析介詞of后跟名詞，故用名詞形式creativity“創(chuàng)建力”。8．ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)．(2024·山東濰坊模擬)答案majority解析通過the可以推斷，須要填名詞形式。9．TheyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsomeofsunniestweatherintheUK.(2024·山西新絳汾河中學三模)答案the解析后面有最高級，意為“陽光最足夠的天氣”，所以判定須要用定冠詞the。10．Andhehasseenrapid(grow)inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety)backgrounds.(2024·山東試驗打靶)答案growth；various解析rapid為形容詞，空格處應為hasseen的賓語，所以grow應變?yōu)槊~形式growth；其次個空格處，由后面的名詞backgrounds推斷，此處須要填形容詞，所以變?yōu)樾稳菰~形式various。Ⅱ.易錯練習1．Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(apply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject-specificwrittenadmissionassessment.(2024·四川成都七中三診)答案applicants解析句子缺少主語，可以推斷須要填名詞。依據(jù)含義推斷，此處說的是申請者，須要用復數(shù)形式，所以填applicants。2．Expertsnotethat(chemical)againstthewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.(2024·四川綿陽三診)答案chemicals解析通過分析可知that從句中缺少主語，所以chemical此處用作名詞。謂語動詞為are，所以應當用復數(shù)形式。3．Beijing，thecapitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此處作名詞，意為“畢業(yè)生”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表復數(shù)概念，故填graduates。4．Francesentasenior(represent)tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2024.答案representative解析此處是“a＋adj.＋n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填representative。5．Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value)inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名詞變形容詞。become為系動詞，所以此處用形容詞形式作表語。Ⅲ.單句改錯(除注明，其余每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．Byusingthesesimpletechnique，I’veimprovedmyefficiencyandmadeagooduseofmytime.(兩處錯誤)(2024·山東滕州滕東中學調(diào)研)答案technique→techniques；去掉a解析these后面須要用名詞復數(shù)，所以改成techniques；makegooduseof為固定搭配，沒有冠詞。2．EverytimeIreadthepoem，asad-lookingwomanstandingintherainandwindseemstoappearinthefrontofme，waitingforherhusbandtoreturn.(2024·山東濰坊二模)答案去掉frontof前的the解析inthefrontof在……的前部(在范圍之內(nèi))；infrontof在……的前面(在范圍之外)。3．ThepoemisTheAwaitingStonebyWangJian，oneofthemostfamouspoetintheTangDynasty.(2024·山東濰坊二模)答案poet→poets解析oneof＋名詞復數(shù)，所以poet應為復數(shù)，意為“唐朝最聞名的詩人之一”。4．ItookhimtomanylocalplaceofinterestandwealsowenttothetheatertowatchashowofPekingOpera.(2024·山東肥城檢測)答案place→places解析many提示后面應當用名詞復數(shù)。placeofinterest的復數(shù)是把place變成復數(shù)。答案happinesses→happiness解析happiness歡樂，是不行數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式。6．LastMonday，ithitmethatmybelovedgrandmotherbirthdaywasaroundthecorner.Idecidedtomakeheranuniquepresent.(兩處錯誤)(2024·湖南懷化二模)答案grandmother→grandmother’s；an→a解析由語境知，此處指奶奶的生日，故此處須要用全部格，所以grandmother改成grandmother’s；unique的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以只能用冠詞a。7．We’llclimbMangshanMountaininthemorning，onwhosetopwe’llhaveapicnicatthenoon.(2024·山東德州平原四模)答案去掉noon前的the解析atnoon在中午，noon前沒有冠詞。8．OnlywithpractisingoverandoveragaindoIbelieveIcancatchupwithotherfantasticplayeroneday.(2024·河南鄭州畢業(yè)檢測)答案player→players解析other后面須要用名詞復數(shù)，所以改為players。9．Thencamevariousperformance，includingsinging，dancingandkungfu.(2024·安徽合肥檢測)答案performance→performances解析various修飾名詞，須要用名詞復數(shù)，所以改為performances。10．Whileworking，helearnedthatanothermembersofourcommunityhadbeenveryillandhiswifewaslookingforsomeoneshecouldhiretocleanthehouse.答案members→member解析考查名詞。依據(jù)后文的敘述及another可知，這里應當指的是社區(qū)里的另外一個成員生病了，所以應當運用單數(shù)，故應把members改為member。增分寫作訓練——名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞在寫作中的應用1．IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof＋抽象名詞＝be＋形容詞)(2024·全國Ⅰ)IpossessagoodknowledgeofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2．Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpractice，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國Ⅱ)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregularpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3．Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同義句改寫)(2024·全國Ⅲ)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.強化練(五)Ⅰ.語法填空A(2024·吉林遼源二模)Chinese-AmericancommunitygroupsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié))onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCity’seasternmostborough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)．Co-sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceandConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature)recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，abook4.(write)basedonConfucius’teachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base)necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one)InternationalConfuciusCulturalFestivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius(551BC－479BC)．Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，andfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10.(consider)oftheirsocialstatus.語篇解讀本文介紹了孔子文化節(jié)的慶?；顒蛹霸摴?jié)日的意義，同時也對孔子做了介紹。1．答案as解析考查介詞。此處指慶?？鬃游幕?jié)活動不僅是作為一個壯麗的儀式來紀念世界聞名的中國哲學家。表示“作為”用介詞as。2．答案tocelebrate解析考查動詞不定式。此處指這個活動還是與當?shù)仄渌鐓^(qū)一起慶祝中國文化的機會。此處是不定式作chance的定語，故填tocelebrate。3．答案features解析考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一樣。此處指這個文化節(jié)以背誦《弟子規(guī)》為特色，與上下文時態(tài)一樣用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語thefestival是單數(shù)，故填features。4．答案written解析考查非謂語動詞。句中abook與動詞write是被動關系，指書被寫。此處用過去分詞作定語表被動，故填written。5．答案basic解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞necessities用形容詞，指基本的須要。故填basic。6．答案living解析考查非謂語動詞。句中介詞for后用動詞-ing形式作賓語，故填living。7．答案first解析考查序數(shù)詞。此處由定冠詞the限制，依據(jù)文章開頭“holdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié))onSept.28”可知今年是其次屆，去年是第一屆。故填first。8．答案an解析考查冠詞。此處指孔子是一位杰出的教化家和哲學家，表示“一個”且extraordinary首字母發(fā)元音。故填不定冠詞an。9．答案that/who解析考查強調(diào)句型。本句是“Itis...that/who...”強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)的是主語he，故用that/who引導。10．答案consideration/considering解析考查詞性變換。此處指孔子接收來自各行各業(yè)的學生，而不考慮他們的社會地位。介詞without后加名詞，再加of結(jié)構(gòu)，故填名詞consideration。B(2024·四川重點中學評估)Sincechildhood，I11.(see)actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieChan，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武術(shù)).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13.(learn)taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpeople14.(practise)taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，Irushedtotheteacher’sofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option)course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldusthattaichi16.(favor)foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18.(rule)thattheteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline(自律)andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19.(serious)andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whichwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossiblepossible.AndIwilldo.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者講解并描述的是自己到中國實現(xiàn)自己兒時學習中國功夫的幻想。)11．答案haveseen解析考查時態(tài)。since引導的時間狀語常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。12．答案Where解析考查連詞。本句話其實改編自諺語“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway(有志者事竟成)”。13．答案tolearn解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作表語，不定式和動名詞都可以作表語，但是依據(jù)后面的“andmaster”可知，and連接并列的非謂語動詞作表語，master前省略了to，故本空應用不定式。14．答案practising解析考查非謂語動詞。本句為“see＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語someolderpeople與practise之間是邏輯上的主動關系，且依據(jù)后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，賓補動作正在發(fā)生，故用practise的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。15．答案optional16．答案isfavored解析考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。taichi與favor之間是邏輯上的被動關系，故此處用被動語態(tài)。雖然主句用了一般過去時，但是依據(jù)語境可知，賓語從句描述的是客觀事實，故從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。下一句的時態(tài)也是示意。17．答案to解析考查介詞。berelatedto...與……有關，是固定搭配，故填介詞to。18．答案rules解析考查名詞復數(shù)。由后面的謂語動詞were可知，此處主語要用名詞的復數(shù)形式。19．答案seriously解析考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞。take...seriously仔細對待……。20．答案it解析考查代詞。assb.put(s)it是常用句型，意為“正如某人所說的那樣”。Ⅱ.短文改錯21(2024·甘肅重點中學聯(lián)考)WelcometoourEnglishCorner.ThisCornerwassetupthreeyearsbefore.EverySundaymorning，studentsfromdifferentschoolandsomeforeignersoftentakepart.Gatheraroundhere，wepractisespokenEnglishbytalkingabouteverythingweareinterested.WealsoexchangemyexperienceinEnglishstudy.Weallhaveagoodtimehere.Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenheresinceitissetup.Wethinkthattheyhavelearnedalotofbytakingpartinactivitieshere.However，itisareallysupplement(補充物)toourEnglishclass.IfyouwanttoknowmuchabouttheCorner，youmaytalktothestudentshere.答案WelcometoourEnglishCorner.ThisCornerwassetupthreeyearseq\f(before,ago).EverySundaymorning，studentsfromdifferenteq\f(school,schools)andsomeforeignersoftentakepart.eq\f(Gather,Gathering)aroundhere，wepractisespokenEnglishbytalkingabouteverythingweareinterestedeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(in)).Wealsoexchangeeq\f(my,our)experienceinEnglishstudy.Weallhaveagoodtimehere.Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenheresinceiteq\f(is,was)setup.Wethinkthattheyhavelearnedalotofbytakingpartinactivitieshere.eq\f(However,Besides)，itisaeq\f(really,real)supplement(補充物)toourEnglishclass.Ifyouwanttoknoweq\f(much,more)abouttheCorner，youmaytalktothestudentshere.Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2024·上海長寧區(qū)二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU．S.withnojoblinedup.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與摯友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她確定一個人去。途中她遇見了五個背包客，這些背包客邀請她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經(jīng)驗了美妙的幾天，并和他們成了好摯友。22．By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.A．sickofridingonabumpybusB．nervousofmeetingstrangersC．upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD．sorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解題。依據(jù)前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被摯友放鴿子了，被放鴿子確定是悲觀的，C項(因為突然的變更而感到懊喪的)最符合作者此時的心情，所以選C。23．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A．Courageousbutdisrespectful.B．Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C．Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D．Homelessbutlighthearted.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“‘Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？’oneofthebackpackersoffered.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游，說明他們很熱心；依據(jù)“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.”可知這些背包客旅游閱歷很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。24．Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat.A．shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB．itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC．sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD．itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游時，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感說了“好”，也就是說她的第六感讓她信任她能和這些背包客相處得很好，才會答應他們的邀請，故選A。25．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B．Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C．Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D．Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Theworldopeneduptom