閱讀理解之詞義猜測題策略與技巧課件-高三下學(xué)期英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

高考英語閱讀理解之詞義猜測題技巧TheskillsforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReadingLearningAims1.Concludetheskillsofguessingwordsaccordingtosentences.2.Applytheseskillscorrectlyandflexibly.3.Drawthemindmapoftheseskills.2.Applytheseskillscorrectlyandflexibly.Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means_______.impossible當(dāng)豬在飛??Ifyoucomeacrossunfamiliarwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Ignore

themandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuess

themeaning

How

toguessthemeaningsofwordsIntroductionofSomeimportantskills語境法Skill

1Guessthemeanings模仿2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.

（并列、近義關(guān)系）傲慢的（轉(zhuǎn)折、反義關(guān)系）3.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.極大地，巨大的（因果關(guān)系）Yourfinding?1.Childrenoftentrytoemulate,orcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision邏輯關(guān)系：同義，反義，因果一、1coordination(并列，同義或近義關(guān)系)2adversativeandcontrast(轉(zhuǎn)折和對比即反義關(guān)系)3Causeandeffect（因果關(guān)系）LogicalRelations(邏輯關(guān)系)Summarybycontrast/compareto/onthecontrary怎么有邏輯？

but/still/yet/however/otherwise/unlike/instead/ratherthan...although/though/as/while/evenif/eventhoughbecause/as/since/for/asaresult(of)/therefore/hence,/so/so...that/such...thatand/or//as…as/justas/similarlyononehand...ontheotherhand/foronething...foranotherthing/some...other+n/some...anotherSummaryCanyoulistsomesignalwords?轉(zhuǎn)折：

因果：對比：

并列：

signalwords2020年全國Ⅱ卷·30Thefurtradekeptnutria(海貍鼠)incheckfordecades,

but

whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.PracticemakesperfectOnenonprofitorganization，whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment，iskeepingtabsonmorethan2，000productionsthisyear.（2020年全國III卷，B篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean？A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.PracticemakesperfectSkill

21.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.Guess：3.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.期刊Yourfinding?（下定義）（從句）(符號/舉例）啞劇變戲法的人二、Explanation1Definition2Clauses3Examples4SymbolsSummarylike,suchas,forexample/instance…怎么解釋？

be/becalled/bedefinedas/mean/refertothat’stosay/inotherwords/namely…標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號：從句：Summary是/稱作、意思是：

換言之/即：

例如、像：

“_______”、“:”定從，同從signalwordsThere’salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise，nosmelloffuel，justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.（2020年5月天津卷，C篇）Theexpression“addedbonus”referstothefactthatelectricplanes.A.givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC.offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalonesPracticemakesperfect29.Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees______.A.competeforsurvivalB.protecttheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherD.providesupportfordyingtreePracticemakesperfectSkill

3Commonsense：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測詞義。

在閱讀的過程中

有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等。Commonsense1.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.2.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.波紋n.

麻醉劑(藥)利用常識法解題Forthosewhocanstomachit，workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst，accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.（2020年江蘇卷，C篇）Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“”.A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered邏輯關(guān)系解釋說明文化常識語境法構(gòu)詞法Skill

4三、

構(gòu)詞法

(formation)123Synthesismethod(合成法)Derivationmethod(派生法)Transformmethod(轉(zhuǎn)化法)Summary1合成法指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞。婆婆/岳母頑固的1.HowhappyIamwithmymotherinlaw.2.Oldhabitsdiehard利用構(gòu)詞法解題AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch，boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），itsthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.（2020年新高考全國I卷，D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto？A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.2派生法（加前，后綴）Commonprofixes：Commonsufixes：in/im-:incorrectimpossiblemini-

:miniskirt,minibusre-

:rewrite,reuse,reconsiderdis-:disagree,dislike,disappear,mis-:misunderstand,misleadfore-:foretell,forecastover-:overwork,overcoat,overuse-erteacher,worker,container-orvisitor,sailor,instructor-tioneducation,satisfaction-mentdevelopment,movement-ionaction,solution,conclusion-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful，careful-ablecomfortable,acceptable…派生法1.Mary,ofcourseyouareoverweight.Youeattoomuchjunkfood.Evenworse,youexcerciseinfrequently.2.“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.”3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)---熟詞生意）1.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloud

yourjudgment,oryouwillmakeawrongdecision.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.Guess：模糊狼吞虎咽刮刮卡刮刮卡刮刮卡刮刮卡刮刮卡刮刮卡QQQQ3Q5學(xué)習(xí)大禮包Q1Q4（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）Chooseyourfavoriteluckynumberandfinishthetaskinit,andmaybeyouwillgetasurprise.Gametime紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)40學(xué)習(xí)大禮包1.WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsman.［典型例題］(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·29)愛瘋英語A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”mean?CWhichkindofskills?433.Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs——andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords”takingoninparagraph4mean?”A.learningfromB.lookingdownC.workingwithD.competingagainst［典型例題］(2021?全國卷Ⅲ)DWhichkindofskills?Still，55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephone（座機(jī)）athomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphones，accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline，athi