新發(fā)展英語(yǔ)（第二版）綜合教程2 課件 Unit 12 On the Way

OntheWayUnit12新發(fā)展英語(yǔ)2StudyFocusDirectstudents’attentiontothepolitenessontheroad.2.Giveexamplesabouttheharmbroughtaboutbythecarculturetooursociety.3.Preparestudentsforadebate“Takingabusordrivingacar,whichisbetter?”4.LearnhowtowriteFoundNotes.5.Learnaboutviewsonself-drivingCars.

CONTENTS

IntensiveReadingSkillsBuildingFastReadingPartⅠPartⅡPartⅢPartⅠIntensiveReadingPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension1.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.(1)Travelingbycarorbus,whichdoyouprefer?(2)Doyouhaveanyspecialexperienceontheroad?PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension2.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressions.(1)Shehadaprettytoughchildhood,withoutevenenoughfoodtoeat.(2)Istoppedandwaitedforhertocatchup.(3)Wewererelievedtohearyouwerenothurtinthataccident.(4)Badluckledtohisfailure.Butotherfactorsarealsoatplay.PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningBMW(BavarianMotorWorks)德國(guó)寶馬汽車公司，全稱為巴伐利亞機(jī)械制造廠股份公司，是德國(guó)一家世界知名的高檔汽車和摩托車制造商，總部位于慕尼黑，在中國(guó)內(nèi)地與香港地區(qū)擁有寶馬的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)。該公司所制造的汽車產(chǎn)品主要以廠名縮寫(xiě)B(tài)MW作為品牌商標(biāo)，并以豪華舒適、富有駕駛樂(lè)趣與優(yōu)異的操控表現(xiàn)而著稱。PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningDropYourCar,GetontheBus—WarmYourHeart1.Perfectlycivilpeoplebehindawheellosetheirabilitytohavecompassionforothers.Butoddlyenough,whenthebarrierofthecarislifted,humanbeingsprovetheydoloveoneanotherinstinctivelyandcompassionately.Translation1.現(xiàn)代文明社會(huì)中的駕車者正喪失同情他人的能力。但奇怪的是，當(dāng)汽車的隔閡被移除，人們確實(shí)出于本能地對(duì)他人富于同情與愛(ài)心。Pre-readingPreparationTextPartⅠReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.Looknofurtherthanpublictransportationtoseehowthisloveandcompassionarehonoredelsewhereontheroad.Translation2.只需把目光轉(zhuǎn)向公共交通，就能看到這種同情與愛(ài)心是如何被踐行的。Pre-readingPreparationTextPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning3.Awomanboardingabus,strugglingtoliftababycarriage,isapttobequicklyaidedbyanotherpassenger.Translation3.一位費(fèi)力地抬著嬰兒車登上公交車的女士，往往很快就會(huì)得到另一位乘客的幫助。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning4.SeveraltimesI’veseenpassengersgiveotherpassengerstheirbuspasseswhenthosewithoutthefarewereinatoughsituation.Translation4.我曾多次看到，有乘客因缺錢買車票而焦急時(shí)，其他乘客把自己的車票給了他們。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning5.Busriders,seeingpeoplebehindrunningforthebusasitpullsaway,calloutandaskthedrivertowaitandstop,orthey’llstandinthedoorwayandnotmoveuntiltherunnercatchesup.Translation5.?公交車離站時(shí)，如果車上乘客看到后面有人跑著追車，就會(huì)大聲告訴司機(jī)等一等，或者站在車門口不動(dòng)，直到跑著的人追上車。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning6.Busridersoftenputotherpeoplefirst,empathizingwiththepersonrunningdesperatetomakeit.Translation6.公交乘客往往會(huì)替別人考慮，同情拼命追車的人。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning7.Therestofusdon’tmindthewait;we’veallbeenthatpersonrunningorthepersonstandinginthedoorway.Wedon’tcomplainwhenthebuswaitsforarunner;wenod,relieved,silentlycheeringwhenthepersonboundsbreathlesslyupthebussteps.Translation7.車上的其他人也不介意等會(huì)兒。我們都曾跑著追車，也曾站在車門口替追車的人留門。汽車等著的時(shí)候，我們并不抱怨。當(dāng)那個(gè)人氣喘吁吁地跳上車時(shí)，我們點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，松口氣，暗暗叫好。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning8.Passengersqueueupatbuses.Wedon’tpush,yell,curse,orcomplain,evenif—perhapsespeciallyif—itisparticularlycold,orwet,ormiserableoutside.Wechatwithoneanother,telljokes,respectoneanother’ssilence.Weshowpity,comparenotes,smileatoneanother’schildren.Evenwhenweannoyoneanother,weriseaboveourownirritation.Translation8.乘客在車站排隊(duì)等候。我們不擠，不叫，不罵，不怨。即使外面天氣很陰冷，很潮濕，非常糟糕，尤其如此。我們一起閑聊，講笑話，也尊重彼此的沉默。我們表達(dá)關(guān)心，交流感想，沖別人的孩子微笑。即使我們彼此惹惱了對(duì)方，也能遏制自己的怒火。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning9.Butsomethinghappenswhenpeopledrive;asenseofentitlementtakesoverasthedrivertalksonhercellphoneanddrivesthroughtheredlightinaschoolzone.Asenseofself-importance

takesholdofthedriverashisBMWrushestopassinthewronglane,indifferenttotheharmhisactionsmaycause.Translation9.但是，開(kāi)車就不同了。開(kāi)車人打著手機(jī)在學(xué)校附近闖紅燈卻覺(jué)得理所當(dāng)然。駕著寶馬從不該走的車道飛馳而過(guò)，不管會(huì)造成什么后果，那是自命不凡的感覺(jué)占了上風(fēng)。。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning10.Theimmediatehonkingandcursingwhenacardoesn’tinstantlysurgeforwardatthechangingofalightisunnecessary.So,too,theragefromdriversifacarslowstoletapassengercrossinacrosswalk.Translation10.前車在信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)如果沒(méi)有馬上向前沖，后面的人就立刻鳴笛罵街，這沒(méi)有必要。前車放慢速度讓行人通過(guò)人行橫道，后車司機(jī)就怒不可遏，這也是多余。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning11.Arebusriderskinderpeoplethancardrivers?Ordotheybecomejustasimpatientandself-centeredwhentheythemselvesdrive?Whatisatplay.here?Isittheisolatingnatureofdrivingacar?Isitfearofsomekindthatpushesdriverstoignorelawsandsafetyofothers?And,ifso,isthisafearoflosingtheirplaceontheroad—oradeeperfearoflosingtheirplaceinthesocialorder?Translation11.那么公交乘客是否比開(kāi)車人更友善呢？當(dāng)公交乘客去開(kāi)車時(shí)是否也會(huì)變得同樣缺乏耐心，自私自利呢？究竟是什么在起作用呢？是開(kāi)車時(shí)孤立排他的特性使然？是某種恐懼迫使駕車人無(wú)視法規(guī)和他人的安危嗎？如果是這樣，這是不是來(lái)源于對(duì)失去在路上位置的擔(dān)憂，或是失去在社會(huì)秩序中的地位的恐懼？Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning12.Ourcarculturehasbeendestroyingussinceitbegan:destroyingourenvironment,destroyingoursenseofcommunity.Ridingthebusseemstorestoresomethinginsideofus.Translation12.我們的汽車文化從一開(kāi)始就在破壞我們的社會(huì)：污染我們的環(huán)境，摧毀我們的團(tuán)結(jié)意識(shí)。坐公交車似乎能讓我們內(nèi)心的某種東西復(fù)原。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning13.Nomatterhowfastwedrive,orhowmanyplaceswego,orhowimportantweprideourselvesonbeing,whatwereallyneedfromoneanotherisloveandwarmth.Withoutthese,webecomefuriousandlonely.Withoutthese,wearecoldandaloneinaworldthathearsusnomorethanweheartheworld.Translation13.無(wú)論我們把車開(kāi)得多快，或者去到多少地方，或者自以為有多了不起，我們真正需要的是彼此的愛(ài)和溫情。沒(méi)有這些，我們會(huì)變得暴躁、孤獨(dú)。沒(méi)有這些，我們就成了冷漠自大的孤家寡人，我們聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)世界，世界也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)我們。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning14.TheothermorningIwascold,reallycold,afterwaitingalongtimeforabus.Isatdowninatwo-personseatbymyself,relievedtobeonthewarmbus,butstillshivering.Alargemansatdownbesideme,andthesenseofrelieffromhiswarmthwaswonderful.Ididn’tneedtobeaheadofanyone,andIwasn’tafraidoffallingbehindanyone.Beingbesidesomeonewasgrace,nothingmore,nothingless.Translation14.一天早上，我在車站等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的車，感覺(jué)特別的冷。上車后我獨(dú)自在一張雙人位上坐下，舒了口氣，總算暖和了，但還在發(fā)抖。一個(gè)高大的人在我身邊坐下，由他的溫暖帶來(lái)的放松感簡(jiǎn)直太棒了。我不需要超過(guò)任何人，也不懼怕落后于別人。與人為伴是一種優(yōu)雅，不多不少，恰到好處。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning1.Perfectlycivilpeoplebehindawheellosetheirabilitytohavecompassionforothers.(para.1)peoplebehindawheel:?指開(kāi)車人，駕駛員，wheel為方向盤的意思。如：Fathergotbehindthewheelandtheystartedbackhome.父親開(kāi)車，他們啟程回家。Pre-readingPreparationBackcompassion:n.同情；憐憫。形容詞：compassionate，副詞：compassionately。如：Fathergotbehindthewheelandtheystartedbackhome.父親開(kāi)車，他們啟程回家。PartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.Awomanboardingabus,strugglingtoliftababycarriage,isapttobequicklyaidedbyanotherpassenger.(para.3)此句中awoman是主語(yǔ)，boardingabus是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾awoman；strugglingtoliftababycarriage是分詞作表示伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ)。Pre-readingPreparationBackboard:vt.上（船、車或飛機(jī)等）We’dbetterboardthebusnow.我們最好現(xiàn)在就上車。PartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningbeaptto:傾向于，易于a.SnowisapttofallinChicagoinNovember.11月的芝加哥經(jīng)常下雪。b.Acarelesspersonisapttomakemistakes.粗心的人容易犯錯(cuò)誤。Pre-readingPreparationBackaid:v.幫助，援助TheyencouragedandaidedhiminhisEnglishcourse.他們鼓勵(lì)并幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。PartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning3.Busriders,seeingpeoplebehindrunningforthebusasitpullsaway,calloutandaskthedrivertowait,stop,orthey’llstandinthedoorwayandnotmoveuntiltherunnercatchesup.(para.5)Pre-readingPreparationBack此句中seeingpeople…pullsaway是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、結(jié)果等。如：a.Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們立刻出發(fā)去上海。（現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whenhearing）b.Beingspring,theflowersareinfullbloom.春天來(lái)了，百花盛開(kāi)。（現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Itbeingspring;Asitisspring）c.Hewalkeddownthehill,singingtohimself.他從小山上走下來(lái)，一路哼著小曲兒。（現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Hewalkeddownthehillandsangtohimself.）PartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningrider:n.騎（馬、自行車）的人，乘客a.Theriderformedagoodrelationwiththeracinghorse.騎手和賽馬之間建立了良好的關(guān)系。b.Theridermustpaytheamountshownonthemeter.乘客必須按表付費(fèi)。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningseesb.doingsth.:看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事比較：seesb.doingsth.指“看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。seesb.dosth.指“看見(jiàn)某人做了某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。如：a.Shesawthekidsplayinghappilyontheplayground.她看見(jiàn)孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上快樂(lè)地玩耍。b.Shesawthekidsplayhappilyontheplayground.她看著孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上快樂(lè)地玩耍。類似的動(dòng)詞還有observe,notice,watch,hear等。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningpullaway:（尤指車輛）移動(dòng)Hejumpedontothebusjustasitwaspullingaway.他剛跳上車，車就開(kāi)走了。Backcallout:叫喊，大聲說(shuō)；召集a.Theboycalledoutforhelptothepeopleontheshore.男孩大聲向岸邊的人呼救。b.Doctorsareoftencalledoutinthemiddleofthenight.醫(yī)生常常在午夜被請(qǐng)出去出診。常見(jiàn)的與call相關(guān)的詞組有：callfor邀約；要求，需要calloff取消callon訪問(wèn)，拜訪callup打電話；召集；使人想起callat訪問(wèn)（某地）callback回電話callin招來(lái)，召集PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning4.Busridersoftenputotherpeoplefirst,empathizingwiththepersonrunningdesperatetomakeit.(para.6)此句中Busridersoftenputotherpeoplefirst

是主句，empathizing

是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。running

是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾theperson。BackPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningput…first:

把……放在第一位a.Wealwaysputqualityfirst.我們總是把質(zhì)量放在第一位。b.Itisnotwiseofyoutoputalwaysyourselffirst.你總是把自己放在第一位，這是不明智的。Backmakeit:及時(shí)到達(dá)；成功a.We’retoolate;Idon’tthinkwe’llmakeit.我們晚得太多了，我想我們不能及時(shí)到達(dá)了。b.He’sneverreallymadeitasanactor.他當(dāng)演員從未有所成就。PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning5.Wedon’tcomplainwhenthebuswaitsforarunner;wenod,relieved,silentlycheeringwhenthepersonboundsbreathlessupthebussteps.(para.7)complain:抱怨，發(fā)牢騷；投訴a.Heisalwayscomplainingabouttheweather.他總是抱怨天氣不好。b.Youcancomplaintothemanagerabouttheservice.你可以向經(jīng)理投訴服務(wù)質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。常用搭配：complaintosb.aboutsth.BackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningrelieve:vt.減輕，解除；援助，救濟(jì)a.Theinjectioncanrelievepain.注射這一針能止痛。b.Knowingthattheirsonwasstillaliverelievedtheanxiousparents.知道兒子還活著，焦慮的父母感到了寬慰。c.Rescueworkersweresenttorelievethecoalminers.搶救人員被派去解救煤礦工人。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningcheer:a.v.（使）振奮，（使）高興；歡呼，喝彩a)Cheerup!Mydearfriend.振作起來(lái)！我親愛(ài)的朋友。b)Everyonecheeredthenewsthatthewarwasover.所有人都為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束的消息而歡呼。b.n.歡呼，喝彩；振奮；（用復(fù)數(shù)形式）干杯wordsofcheers鼓勵(lì)的話cheer-leader（美）拉拉隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)Hereceivedaheartycheerfromtheaudience.他博得了聽(tīng)眾的由衷歡呼。Cheers!祝福！祝健康！干杯！Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningbreathless:adj.氣喘吁吁的，呼吸困難的；使人屏息的a.abreathlessflight驚心動(dòng)魄的飛行b.Willyoufeelbreathlessafterexercisingforalongtime?長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)動(dòng)后你會(huì)覺(jué)得喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)嗎？Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning6.Passengersqueueupatbuses.Wedon’tpush,yell,curse,orcomplain,evenif–perhapsespeciallyif–itisparticularlycold,orwet,ormiserableoutside.(para.8)queueup:排隊(duì)Peoplearequeuingupfortheticketsfortheconcert.人們正排隊(duì)購(gòu)買音樂(lè)會(huì)的門票。queue:n.（排隊(duì)等候的人或車輛等的）行列，長(zhǎng)隊(duì)jumpthequeue插隊(duì)Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningevenif:即使，縱然；雖然，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，放在主句前或主句后。如：EvenifIambusy,Iwillattendthemeeting.雖然忙，我也要參加會(huì)議。Iwillcomeevenifitrains.即使下雨我也會(huì)來(lái)。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningmiserable:adj.痛苦的，悲慘的；可憐的a.What’sup?Youlookmiserable.怎么啦？你看上去很痛苦的樣子。b.Thelossofhisdogmadehimmiserable.丟失愛(ài)犬讓他很傷心。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning7.asenseofentitlementtakesoverasthedrivertalksonhercellphoneanddrivesthroughtheredlightinaschoolzone.(para.9)asenseof:……感a.asenseofhumor幽默感b.asenseofachievement成就感c.asenseofduty責(zé)任感d.asenseofbelonging歸屬感Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningtakeover:接替，接管，取而代之a(chǎn).JimwilltakeovermyjobwhileIamonholiday.我度假時(shí)吉姆接管我的工作。b.Weshouldtakeoverandcarryforwardthefinetraditionofthepast.我們應(yīng)該把過(guò)去的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)接過(guò)來(lái)，傳下去。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesDetailedLearningzone:n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域；地帶a.abusinesszone商業(yè)區(qū)b.ShenzhenisaspecialeconomiczoneofChina.深圳是中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesPartⅠDetailedLearning8.Asenseofself-importance

takesholdofthedriverashisBMWrushestopassinthewronglane,indifferenttotheharmhisactionsmaycause.(para.9)

self-importance:n.自大，自視過(guò)高Becauseofherself-importance,shealwayslookeddownonthewivesofherhusband’scolleagues.她自以為了不起，總是瞧不起丈夫同事們的老婆。Self-可以與名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成合成名詞或合成形容詞，表示自身的、對(duì)自身的、靠自身的，如：self-dependence（自力更生），self-study（自學(xué)），self-support（自立），self-governing（自治的），self-satisfied（自滿的），self-educated/self-taught（自學(xué)的），self-made（自制的；白手起家的）。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesPartⅠtakeholdof:控制住，握住a.Hecameoverandtookholdofmyhand.他過(guò)來(lái)抓住我的手。b.Hetookholdofthecompanyafterthedeathoftheboss.老板去世后他掌控了公司的大權(quán)。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠlane:n.車道，跑道；（鄉(xiāng)間）小路，小巷；（都市的）胡同a.Onelaneisclosedwhilethey’repavingtheroad.一條車道因道路鋪設(shè)而被封閉。b.Thereweremanysmalllanesinthequietvillage.寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村里有許多小道。c.Itisalonglanethathasnoturning.（諺）路必有彎。（指事情必有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，常用于安慰人）Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ比較：street:街道；所有城鎮(zhèn)、都市內(nèi)的各類公共通道的總稱。alley:小巷，胡同。常指路面狹窄而有時(shí)不通的street，它在樓群之間或背后，是為郵遞送貨，收運(yùn)垃圾，停放車輛而開(kāi)辟的。avenue:一般指較長(zhǎng)和寬的路；兩側(cè)往往有樹(shù)和住宅，常指城市里兩側(cè)或一側(cè)有建筑物的大馬路。road:含義比較廣，可以包括有泥土、煤渣鋪成的賽車道路到現(xiàn)代化公路的所有道路，還可以引申為任何通向目的地的道路。lane:指窄的road，可以指鄉(xiāng)村道路或城市里的巷、弄，還可以指輪船的航道，飛機(jī)固定的航線，賽跑中為選手劃定的跑道?，F(xiàn)在多指在復(fù)式車道上或公路上為朝同一方向行駛的車輛劃分的一條、兩條或更多條的分道。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠindifferent:adj.冷漠的，不關(guān)心的，不積極的。常后接介詞to。如：a.Hepretendstobeindifferenttopraise.他假裝對(duì)表?yè)P(yáng)毫不在意。b.Jackwasindifferenttohispersonalappearance.杰克不在乎自己的外貌。Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningBackPartⅠ9.So,too,theragefromdriversifacarslowstoletapassengercrossinacrosswalk.(para.10)此句是一個(gè)省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的倒裝句，完整的句子應(yīng)為Soistheragefromdriversifacarslowstoletapassengercrossinacrosswalkunnecessarytoo.其中，theragefromdrivers是主語(yǔ)，isunnecessary是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。意為當(dāng)前車給行人讓路時(shí)后車怒不可遏同上文一樣是不必要的。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠso引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前面的肯定陳述也適用于后者，有“A如此，B也如此”的意思，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。a.Theycanleavenow,socanwe.他們現(xiàn)在可以離開(kāi)了，我們也能。b.Helovesthegirl.Sodoesshe.他愛(ài)這個(gè)女孩，這個(gè)女孩也愛(ài)他。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ10.Ourcarculturehasbeendestroyingussinceitbegan.(para.12)此句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。該時(shí)態(tài)由have(has)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠa.I’vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshestillhasn’tcome.我已等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，但她還沒(méi)有來(lái)。b.Sinceshelefthome,Ihaven’tbeensleepingatallwell.自她離開(kāi)家，我一直睡得不好。比較：a.Ihavethoughtitover.我已經(jīng)考慮過(guò)這件事了。b.Ihavebeenthinkingitover.我一直在考慮這件事。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ11.Ridingthebusseemstorestoresomethinginsideofus.(para.12)此句中主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞ridingthebus。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞特征，在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以受形容詞、代詞和名詞的修飾，前面也可以加冠詞。a.Sayingiseasierthandoing.說(shuō)比做容易。b.Yourdrinkingsomuchwineisnotgoodforhealth.你喝酒太多對(duì)身體不好。有時(shí)可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞后置。Itisnousewaitinghere.在這里等是沒(méi)用的。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠrestore:v.恢復(fù)，使回復(fù)；修復(fù)，重建a.restoreoldcustoms回復(fù)古老的風(fēng)俗b.Hishealthisentirelyrestored.他的健康完全恢復(fù)了。c.Heisemployedtorestoretheoldpaintings.他被雇來(lái)修復(fù)古畫(huà)。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠre-是一個(gè)常用前綴。它可以加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前面，構(gòu)成新的名詞或動(dòng)詞。re-通常表示以下兩方面的意義：a.表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回來(lái)，返回），recall（回憶，召回），retract（縮回，取回）。b.表示“再”、“重新”、“重復(fù)”的意思。例如：review（復(fù)習(xí)），reunion（團(tuán)圓，重聚），restart（重新開(kāi)始），reconstruction（重建）。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ12.Nomatterhowfastwedrive,orhowmanyplaceswego,orhowimportantweprideourselvesonbeing,whatwereallyneedfromoneanotherisloveandwarmth.(para.13)在本句中，主句是whatwereallyneedfromoneanotherisloveandwarmth。從句是nomatterhow引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“無(wú)論如何”。與此類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere等。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠa.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hestillcouldn’tfinishthejobontime.不管他多么努力，他始終無(wú)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。b.Nomatterwhathappens,weshallneverlosehope.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，我們都不能失去信心。c.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytheschoolregulations.不管是誰(shuí)，都必須遵守校規(guī)。d.Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwouldkeepyourcompany.不管你到哪里，我都會(huì)陪著你。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠprideoneselfon:以…自豪，自夸a.Ipridemyselfonknowingfourlanguages.我以懂四種語(yǔ)言而自豪。b.Themanpridedhimselfonhisfinancialsuccess.他以自己在金融領(lǐng)域的成就而自豪。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ13.Withoutthese,webecomefuriousandlonely.Withoutthese,wearecoldandaloneinaworldthathearsusnomorethanweheartheworld.(para.13)lonely和alone的區(qū)別a.詞性上的差異lonely只能用作形容詞，在句子當(dāng)中可以擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“荒涼，偏僻”，多修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞；alone既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞，在句中可擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能用作定語(yǔ)。如：Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠa)Hefeltverylonelywhenhelefthisfamily.當(dāng)他離開(kāi)家后，他感到非常孤獨(dú)。b)Motherwasaloneinthehouse.媽媽獨(dú)自待在屋里。c)Myunclelivesalone.我叔叔孤身獨(dú)居。d)Helivesinalonelyvillage.他住在一個(gè)荒涼的小村莊里。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠb.感情色彩和詞義上的差異lonely作形容詞，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，指“孤獨(dú)的”，用于人時(shí)，指一種心理狀態(tài)，突出內(nèi)心里感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞。側(cè)重于因缺少朋友、同情、友誼等產(chǎn)生的一種悲傷和憂郁的感情。alone作形容詞，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，只是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，表示“獨(dú)自的，單獨(dú)的”，側(cè)重于獨(dú)自一人，無(wú)同伴，無(wú)其他人在場(chǎng)，顯得孤立無(wú)援。沒(méi)有感情色彩，只強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀狀態(tài)。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠa)Wearenotalone;wehavefriendsallovertheworld.我們并不孤立，我們的朋友遍天下。b)ThechildrenoftencometoseeGrandpaZhang,sohedoesnotfeellonely.孩子們常來(lái)看張爺爺，所以他不感到寂寞。c)Iwasaloneintheroom,butIdon’tfeellonely.我獨(dú)處一室但并不覺(jué)得寂寞。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠnomorethan:和……一樣不；僅僅，只不過(guò)a.Icouldnomoredothatthanyou.你不能做這件事，我也不能做。b.Thewhaleisnomoreafishthanthehorseis.如同馬一樣，鯨魚(yú)也不是魚(yú)。c.Heisnomorethanasinger.他只不過(guò)是一個(gè)歌手。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ14.Ididn’tneedtobeaheadofanyone,andIwasn’tafraidoffallingbehindanyone.(para.14)fallbehind:落在后面Borisisfallingbehindallthetopplayers.鮑里斯正落后于所有的頂尖選手。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠReadingAnalysisInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationChoosethebestoptiontocompleteeachstatementandanswereachquestionaccordingtothetext.1Theword“empathizingwith”inparagraph6isclosestinmeaningto

.A.stressingon.B.showunderstandingofC.complainingaboutD.showingangertoPre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionTeamWorkTextPartⅠReadingAnalysis2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanexplainbusriders’waitingforthepersonwhoisrunningforthebus?A.Theyhavebeenthepersonsrunningforthebus.B.Theyhavebeendrivers.C.Theyhavebeenthepersonsstandinginthedoorway.D.BothAandC.3.Whydosomedriverstalkontheirphonewhiledrivingthroughtheschoolzone?A.Theyarenotawareofit.B.Theythinkitisnothingserious.C.Theyhavesomeurgentaffairstodealwith.DTheyhavepoorknowledgeoftrafficrules.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationTeamWorkTextPartⅠReadingAnalysis4.Whatdocardriversusuallyfeelwhenacarinfrontofthemslowstoletapedestriancrosstheroad?Angry.Calmed.Indifferent.Relieved.5.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassage?Peopleshouldbemorepoliteontheroad.Thecarculturehasdonegreatharmtooursociety.Ridingabusinsteadofdrivingacarcanbringusloveandwarmth.Busridersarekinderpeoplethancardrivers.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.Whatwillprobablyhappenwhenawomanisstrugglingtoliftababycarriageontoabus?(2)Whydosomebuspassengersgivetheirbuspassestootherpassengers?Becausebusridersoftenputotherpeoplefirst,passengersgiveotherpassengerstheirbuspasseswhenthosewithoutthefarewereinatoughsituation.Sheisapttobequicklyaidedbyanotherpassenger.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkTextPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.(3)Whatdobusridersdowhentheyseepeoplebehindrunningforthebusasitpullsaway?(4)WhydoestheBMWdriverrushtopassinthewronglane?Becauseasenseofself-importancetakesholdoftheBMWdriver,heisindifferenttotheharmhisactionsmaycause.Theycalloutandaskthedrivertowait,stop,orthey’llstandinthedoorwayandnotmoveuntiltherunnercatchesup.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkTextPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.(5)Whatdoes“something”inthelastsentenceofparagraph12referto?(6)Whydoestheauthorpreferbustoprivatecar?Becauseourcarculturehasbeendestroyingourworldsinceitbegan:destroyingourenvironment,destroyingoursenseofcommunity,whileridingthebuscanbringbackloveandwarmthinsideofus.Itisloveandwarmthfromoneanotherthatweallneed.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkTextPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary2Writeabriefsummaryofthetext.Compareyoursummarywiththatofyourpartner.Drivingcarshasbecomeaprevailingfashionintoday’ssociety.However,oncepeopleseatsthemselvesbehindthewheel,theywillchangethemselvesintocold,lonelyandirritablepersons,indifferenttotheharmtheirbaddrivinghabitsmaycause.So,according