道岔控制電路原理鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)課件

道岔控制電路原理天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理每組單動(dòng)或雙動(dòng)道岔都有一套道岔控制電路。道岔控制電路包括道岔啟動(dòng)電路和道岔表示電路兩部分。道岔啟動(dòng)電路是動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)換道岔的電路；道岔表示電路是反映道岔位置的電路。在提速區(qū)段和高速區(qū)段基本使用五線制交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路。（一）轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路概述1.道岔啟動(dòng)電路的技術(shù)條件（1）道岔區(qū)段有車占用或道岔區(qū)段軌道電路發(fā)生故障時(shí)，道岔不能轉(zhuǎn)換。對(duì)道岔的此種鎖閉稱為區(qū)段鎖閉。（2）進(jìn)路在鎖閉狀態(tài)時(shí)，進(jìn)路上的道岔不能再轉(zhuǎn)換。對(duì)道岔的此種鎖閉稱為進(jìn)路鎖閉。（3）道岔一經(jīng)啟動(dòng)，就應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換到底，不受車輛進(jìn)入影響，也不受車站值班員的控制。（4）道岔啟動(dòng)電路接通后，由于電路故障使道岔未轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，應(yīng)能自動(dòng)斷開啟動(dòng)電路。（5）道岔轉(zhuǎn)換途中受阻使道岔不能轉(zhuǎn)換到底時(shí)，應(yīng)保證經(jīng)車站值班員操縱能使道岔轉(zhuǎn)回原位。（6）道岔轉(zhuǎn)換完畢應(yīng)能自動(dòng)切斷啟動(dòng)電路。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleEachgroupofsingle-actingordouble-actingturnouthasasetofturnoutcontrolcircuit.Theturnoutcontrolcircuitincludestwoparts:turnoutstartcircuitandturnoutindicationcircuit.Theturnoutstartingcircuitisthecircuitofswitchmachineandswitch;theturnoutindicatingcircuitisthecircuitreflectingthepositionofturnout.Thefive-wireACswitchmachinecontrolcircuitisbasicallyusedinthespeedsectionandhigh-speedsection.1.Overviewofswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.TechnicalconditionsofturnoutstartingcircuitBasedonthebasicrequirementsofensuringthesafetyoftrainoperation,andcombinedwiththecontinuousrevisionandimprovementofalargenumberofoperationalpractices,thefollowingtechnicalconditionsarefinallyconfirmedfortheturnoutstartcircuit.(1)Turnoutsectionoccupiedbycars,orturnoutsectiontrackcircuitfailure,thesectionoftheturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledblocklocking.(2)Theapproachroadinthelockedstate,theapproachroadturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledapproachlocking.(3)Oncetheturnoutisstarted,itshouldbefinishworking,notaffectedbythevehicleentry,andnotcontrolledbythestationdutyofficer.Otherwise,whenthevehicleenterstheturnoutsection,iftheturnoutstopsoriscontrolledbythestationwatchmanandturnsback,itmaycausederailmentorcrowdedturnoutaccident.High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(4)Aftertheturnoutstartcircuitisconnected,duetocircuitfailure(suchasswitchcircuitcontrolcontact,motorcarbonbrushpoorcontact)sothattheturnoutisnotrotating,shouldbeabletoautomaticallydisconnectthestartcircuit,soastoavoidtheeliminationofthefaultduetotheneighboringlinetrainvibrationandotherreasonscausedbytheturnoutconversion.(5)Theswitchisblockedonthewaytoconversion(suchasthetipoftherailandthestockrailtrackseamwithballast,etc.)sothattheswitchcannotbeconvertedtothecloure,shouldensurethatthestationwatchmanmanipulationcanmaketheswitchturnbacktotheoriginalposition.(6)Turnoutconversionshouldbeabletoautomaticallycutoffthestartcircuit.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理2.道岔啟動(dòng)電路的操縱方式對(duì)道岔有兩種操縱方式，一種是對(duì)道岔進(jìn)行進(jìn)路方式操縱，另一種是對(duì)道岔進(jìn)行單獨(dú)操縱。進(jìn)路方式操縱是指選路過程中使進(jìn)路內(nèi)各個(gè)道岔的DCJ或FCJ勵(lì)磁吸起并自閉，利用DCJ或FCJ吸起接通道岔啟動(dòng)電路。道岔單獨(dú)操縱，指值班員人工直接操縱道岔到定位或反位。3.道岔啟動(dòng)電路的基本原理如圖所示為辦理由X至ⅠG的接車進(jìn)路時(shí)，從道岔轉(zhuǎn)換到開放信號(hào)過程中電路的時(shí)序邏輯關(guān)系。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.ManipulationmethodofturnoutstartcircuitTherearetwowaystomanipulatetheturnout,oneistomanipulatetheturnoutintheapproachway,andtheotheristomanipulatetheturnoutseparately.Intheprocessofroadselection,theDCJorFCJofeachturnoutintheroadismagnetizedandself-closed,andtheDCJorFCJisusedtostarttheturnoutcircuit.Separatemanipulationofturnoutmeansthatthedutyofficerdirectlymanipulatestheturnouttothepositioningorreversepositionmanually.Figure6-1showsthetiminglogicrelationshipofthecircuitintheprocessofswitchingfromtheturnouttoclearingsignalwhenpreparingaroutefromXtoⅠG.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理（三）交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路1.為滿足列車提速后對(duì)行車安全的要求，在車站正線改換為提速道岔后，道岔轉(zhuǎn)換采用ZDJ9型交流電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)或ZYJ7型電動(dòng)液壓轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)。這些設(shè)備有以下共同特點(diǎn)：（1）道岔機(jī)械鎖閉采用外鎖閉裝置。（2）尖軌分動(dòng)。兩根尖軌由連動(dòng)改為分動(dòng)，減少了轉(zhuǎn)換力。（3）尖軌和可動(dòng)心軌采用多點(diǎn)牽引，可實(shí)現(xiàn)全程密貼和全程夾物檢查，確保了行車安全。（4）以三相交流電動(dòng)機(jī)作為動(dòng)力，控制電路原理基本相同。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.Acswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.Inordertomeettherequirementsoftrainsafetyafterthespeedincrease,afterthestationmainlineischangedtospeedincreaseturnouts,theturnoutsareconvertedbyZDJ9ACelectricswitchmachineorZYJ7electrichydraulicswitchmachine.Theequipmenthavethefollowingcommonfeatures.(1)Externallockingdeviceisusedforturnoutmechanicallocking.(2)Tonguerailsplitting.Thetwotonguerailsarechangedfromlinkedtosplit,reducingtheconversionforce.(3)Thetonguerailandmovablefrograilusingmulti-pointtractioncanrealizethewholecloseandthewholeclipcheck,toensurethesafetyoftraffic.(4)Three-phaseACmotorisusedforpowersupply,andthecontrolcircuitprincipleisbasicallythesame.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理2.道岔斷相保護(hù)器交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)采用三相交流電源，供電電壓為380V。為防止在三相交流電源斷相情況下燒壞電動(dòng)機(jī)，在交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路中設(shè)有道岔斷相保護(hù)器DBQ，道岔斷相保護(hù)器電路如圖所示。DBQ由3個(gè)電流互感器、橋式整流器和保護(hù)繼電器BHJ3部分組成。3個(gè)電流互感器的一次側(cè)線圈分別串聯(lián)在三相交流電路中，二次側(cè)線圈首尾相連，經(jīng)橋式整流后，輸出端接保護(hù)繼電器BHJ。道岔斷相保護(hù)器電路圖一相斷電時(shí)DBQ示意圖改進(jìn)型DBQ電路ZBHJ電路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.PhasebreakprotectorofturnoutTheACswitchmachineadoptsthree-phaseACpowersupplywith380V.Inordertopreventthemotorfromburningoutincaseofthree-phaseACpowerfailure,thecontrolcircuitoftheACswitchmachineisequippedwithaturnoutphase-breakingprotectorDBQ,andthecircuitoftheturnoutphase-breakingprotectorisshowninFigure6-62.DBQconsistsofthreecurrenttransformers,bridgerectifierandprotectionrelayBHJ.Theprimarysidecoilsofthethreecurrenttransformersareconnectedinseriesinthethree-phaseACcircuit,andthesecondarysidecoilsareconnectedatthebeginningandend,andtheoutputisconnectedtotheprotectionrelayBHJafterthebridgerectifier.circuitdiagramofturnoutphasebreakprotectorSchematicdiagramofDBQincaseofpowerfailureofonephaseModifiedDBQcircuitZBHJCircuit高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理3.ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔控制電路如圖所示為ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔控制電路，采用鉤式外鎖閉裝置，不帶密貼檢查器。ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔啟動(dòng)電路包括：1DQJ勵(lì)磁電路、1DQJF勵(lì)磁電路、2DQJ轉(zhuǎn)極電路和電機(jī)電路。（1）ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔啟動(dòng)電路當(dāng)進(jìn)路方式操縱道岔由定位向反位轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，使1DQJ經(jīng)3—4線圈勵(lì)磁吸起，其電路為：KZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF1DQJ吸起后，1DQJF隨之吸起，其電路為：KZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJF吸起后接通2DQJ轉(zhuǎn)極電路，其電路為：KZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFHigh-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.ZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutcontrolcircuitFigure6-10showsthecontrolcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnout,whichadoptshooktypeexternallockingdevicewithoutclose-fittingchecker.ThestartingcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutincludes:1DQJenergizedcircuit,1DQJFenergizedcircuit,2DQJturningpolecircuitandmotorcircuit.(1)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutstartingcircuitWhentheapproachroutemanipulatestheturnoutfrompositioningtoreversingposition,itmakes1DQJexciteandsuckupby3-4coils,andthecircuitisKZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFAfter1DQJisenergized,1DQJFisthenenergized,andthecircuitisKZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJFsucksupandturnsonthe2DQJtranspolarcircuit,thecircuitisKZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理（2）ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔表示電路交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔表示電路用道岔表示繼電器線圈與半波整流二極管并聯(lián)的方式構(gòu)成。定位表示時(shí)，DBJ勵(lì)磁電路在電源負(fù)半周接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)33-34—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)15-16—二極管Z2—1—R2—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)36-35—繞組B—繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。負(fù)半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)11-12—繞組C—繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。反位表示時(shí)，F(xiàn)BJ勵(lì)磁電路在電源正半周時(shí)接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)41-42—電動(dòng)機(jī)繞組C—電動(dòng)機(jī)繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。負(fù)半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)23-24—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)45-46—R2—二極管Z1—2—轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)接點(diǎn)26-25—電動(dòng)機(jī)繞組B—電動(dòng)機(jī)繞組A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(2)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuit

ACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuitiscomposedofturnoutindicatingrelaycoilandhalf-waverectifierdiodeinparallel.TheDBJenergizedcircuitisswitchedoninthenegativehalfofthepowersupplywhenthepositioningisindicated.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—switchcircuitcontrol33-34—switchcircuitcontrol15-16—DiodeZ2—1—R2—switchcircuitcontrol36-35—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—switchcircuitcontrol11-12—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Whentheinversepositionisindicated,theFBJenergizedcircuitisturnedonwhenthepowerisinthepositivehalf-cycleofthepowersupply.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—switchcircuitcontrol41-42—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—switchcircuitcontrol23-24—switchcircuitcontrol45-46—R2—DiodeZ1—2—switchcircuitcontrol26-25—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理ZDJ9型交流轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleControlCircuitofZDJ9ACSwitchMachine高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理4.ZYJ7型電液轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)道岔控制電路ZYJ7型電液轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)控制電路，室內(nèi)電路與ZDJ9型交流電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)相同，室外電路略有差別。如圖是定位時(shí)1、3排接點(diǎn)閉合，若定位時(shí)2、4排接點(diǎn)閉合，則只室內(nèi)電路需將X2與X3，X4與X5互換，二極管極性互換即可。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple4.ZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitch

machineturnoutcontrolcircuitTheindoorcircuitofZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitchmachineisthesameastheindoorcircuitofZDJ9typeACelectricswitchmachine,andtheoutdoorcircuitisslightlydifferent.Figure6-11showsthatthecontactpointsofrows1and3areclosedwhenpositioning,ifthecontactpointsofrows2and4areclosedwhenpositioning,itisonlynecessarytointerchangeX2andX3,X4andX5,andinterchangethediodepolarity.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電路工作原理客運(yùn)專線車站道岔控制電路：（1）尖軌用道岔控制電路客運(yùn)專線車站道岔可采用ZDJ9型電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)，也可采用ZYJ7型電液轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)，其道岔控制電路的原理與前面的提速道岔控制電路基本相同。（2）心軌用控制電路可動(dòng)心軌控制電路根據(jù)道岔要求設(shè)置3個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)，其動(dòng)作原理和控制電路與尖軌相同。（3）表示繼電器電路表示繼電器每個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)各設(shè)置1臺(tái)DBJ和FBJ，再設(shè)置1套總表示繼電器，當(dāng)各個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)的表示繼電器全部吸起后，通過各個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)表示繼電器前接點(diǎn)串聯(lián)給主組合中的總的道岔表示繼電器DBJ和FBJ。（4）道岔同步保護(hù)電路道岔同步保護(hù)電路尖軌和心軌各設(shè)1套，尖軌用1QDJ和lZBHJ，心軌用2QDJI和2ZBHJ。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleStationturnoutcontrolcircuitofpassengerdedicat