2025高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)強化練 高考題型組合練作業(yè)13 人與動植物類說明文

2025高考英語大二輪專題強化練高考題型組合練作業(yè)13

人與動植物類說明文作業(yè)13人與動植物類說明文

A

（2020?全國I）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employees

wereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastep

further-changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,even

unusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhen

they'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We're

thinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery

day,“explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano?steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesinto

self-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant,slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlamps

onaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethis

distanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants?lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D?Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?

語境猜詞

①productive（派）=product+ive

②one-off（合）=one+off

③transmission（派）=transmi（t）+ssion

④pollution-free（合）=pollution+free

B

（2023?全國甲）

Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflicted

comeroftheAmericanpsyche-werevere（敬畏）themevenastheygiveusfrightening

dreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhat

theymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.

“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,“saysbearbiologist

ChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseenina

centuryormore,they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumber

of50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruel

andcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheir

formerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpecies

Act.

Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.Theirrecoveryhasbeenso

successfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies,which

wouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturneddueto

@lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

Obviously,ifprecautions（預(yù)防）aren'ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimes

killingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand

attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Putting

electricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveat

gettinggrizzliesaway."Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpass

throughwithoutlearningbadhabits,“saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbears

inandaroundMissoula.

5.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?

A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.

B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.

C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.

D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.

6.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?

A.TheEuropeansettlers?behavior.

B.Theexpansionofbears,range.

C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.

D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.

7.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?

A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.

B.Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.

C.Thevoiceofthebiologists.

D.Thelocalfarmers'advocates.

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.

B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.

C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.

D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.

語境猜詞

①flood熟義：加洪水，水災(zāi)

生義（文義）：v._____________________

②de-list（派）=de+list_____________________

③overturn（合）=over+turn

④lawsuit（合）=law+suit___________________________________________________

⑤attractant（派）=attract+ant

C

（2024?江蘇連云港高三二模）

Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Popular

theoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate（確定方向）bythemoonandmistakelamps

formoonlight,orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchers

believetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattracted

tolightfromfaraway,butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.

AccordingtoDrSamFabian,studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon'entomologist,

mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt（傾斜）theirbackstowhereveris

brightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktold

insectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Moths

foundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelamps

endlessly,theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.

（2）

Fabianandhiscolleaguesfilmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosreveal

thattimeandagain,mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights,whichappearedto

greatlychangetheirflightpaths."Ifthelightisabovethem,theymightstartorbitingit,butifit's

behindthem,theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall,“Fabiansaid.

Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdecline

ininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasily

caughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime,causingthemto

beddownandskipanight'sfeeding.

Thereare,Fabianbelieves,helpfullessonsfromtheresearch."Whatthistellsusisthatthe

directionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?For

we'refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld,andartificiallightatnightisoneof

thefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline,“Fabiansaid.

9.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown“inparagraph1mean?

A.Popularizedwidely.B.Discussedopenly.

C?Definedaccurately.D.Exploredacademically.

10.WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian,sstudy?

A.Becausetheycan'tkeeptheirbalance.

B.Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.

C.Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.

D?Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.

11.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?

A.Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.

B.Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.

C.Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.

D?Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects,eatingbehavior.

12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.

B.Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.

C.Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.

D.Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.

語境猜詞

①entomologist（派）=entomolog（y）+ist

②Him熟義：加電影，影片

生義（文義）：o._____________________

③popularize（派）=popular+ize

語境猜詞答案

A.①多產(chǎn)的，高效的②一次性的③傳輸，傳送④無污染的

B.①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤銷④訴訟，起訴⑤引誘物，引誘劑

C.①昆蟲學(xué)者②錄制，拍攝③宣傳，推廣；使普及

答案精析

語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了綠色植物的積極作用，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程

師們研發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，

指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。

1.D［段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段的主題句（第二句）“Recentstudieshavefoundpositive

effects.并結(jié)合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物的積極作

用。故選D。］

2.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedonto

theirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater.”可知，葉子上的傳感器用來顯示植物什么

時候缺水。故選A。］

3.C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeused

tolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.”可知，有朝一日新技術(shù)能

夠讓植物為房間提供照明，甚至使街道兩旁的樹木變?yōu)樽晕夜╇姷穆窡?。又根?jù)最后一段最

后一■句"Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy."可知，發(fā)光植

物可以避免遠(yuǎn)距離輸電帶來的損耗，從而節(jié)省能源。綜上可知，發(fā)光植物可以降低能源消耗。

故選C。］

4.C［標(biāo)題歸納題。本文重點介紹了發(fā)光植物對生活照明的影響，預(yù)測發(fā)光植物有可能取代

路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的效果。故C項“發(fā)光植物會取代燈嗎”是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。］

語篇解讀本文是說明文，講述了美國灰熊從瀕危物種恢復(fù)到了2000多頭，但也帶來了一

些問題。

5.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，美國人對灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故選A。］

6.C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法

律的保護，灰熊的數(shù)量有了增長。故選C。］

7.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句可知，是保護組織的反對阻止了美國魚類和野

生動物管理局將灰熊從瀕危物種名單上除名。故選A。］

8.B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知，灰熊數(shù)量增長雖然會帶來一些麻煩，但是如

果采取一些預(yù)防措施，人和灰熊可以和諧相處。故選B。］

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于昆蟲夜晚趨光的研究以及其意義。

9.C［詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語下文可知，對于昆蟲為何會在夜間聚集在燈光周圍這一問

題沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，只有一些理論猜想，而且科學(xué)家仍在探索這一現(xiàn)象，故可推知畫線短語所

在句意為“關(guān)于為什么昆蟲在夜間會圍繞著燈這一科學(xué)問題從未得到準(zhǔn)確解釋”，由此推測

畫線短語意為“準(zhǔn)確解釋”，與C項意義相近。故選C。］

10.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，正常情況下飛蛾將背向最亮處即天空傾斜，以此保

持水平飛行，而當(dāng)飛蛾背向路燈傾斜，由于路燈的光源是散射的，而它飛行的角度仍然采用

與在月光下的飛行相同的角度，這就使它圍著路燈散射的光源打轉(zhuǎn)，故是不正確的飛行姿勢

導(dǎo)致飛蛾無休止地繞著燈轉(zhuǎn)。故選B。］

11.A［推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，這項研究結(jié)果的意義是告訴我們可以改變?nèi)嗽旃?/p>

的方向，使昆蟲不被困住，從而更好地保護昆蟲。故選A。］

12.B［主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其第二段可知，文章

主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲因進(jìn)化而在夜間無休止地圍繞人造

光轉(zhuǎn)，這啟示我們可以改變?nèi)嗽旃獾姆较颍玫乇Ｗo昆蟲，

所以B項“為什么人造光和進(jìn)化會困住昆蟲？”符合題意。

故選B。］作業(yè)14人與環(huán)境類說明文

A

（2021?全國乙）

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans-between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenter

oceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalleduStrawpocalypse,“apairof

1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveral

volunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshopping

centerinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceof

plasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemto

drinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat's

partofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafew

minutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds,a

1truckload?sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titledTruckloadofPlastic,“Von

Wongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentied

togethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruck②allatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

1.WhatareVbnWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.WhateffectwoulduTruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists?OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

語境猜詞

①truckload（合）=truck+load

②allatonce_____________________

B

（2024?安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考）

Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencing

moreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,

peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem-amethodofencouraging

precipitation（降水）bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.

Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness."Myearliest

experiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail（冰雹）innortheastColorado.We

didn'thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,

thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore

②unpredictable,“saidhe.

Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfrom

cloudseeding.ltmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginone

placeanddon?tinanother,it'simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.As

cloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterof

opinion,“saysKatjaFriedrich,aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.

Additionally,it'snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthe

chanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn'tanoptionduetothe

lackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontoprevent

droughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.

Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,the

chemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefound

themslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe

③long-termimpacts,asthereisn'tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateinthe

environmentover10years.

5.Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?

A.Toincreasegrainoutput.

B.Toslowdownglobalwarming.

C.Toreducechemicalsintheair.

D.Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.

6.HowisArlenHuggins'earliestexperienceinparagraph2?

A.It'seffective.B.It'sunsuccessful.

C.It'ssatisfying.D.It's@fruitful.

7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich?sattitudetowardscloudseeding?

A.Favourable.B.Opposed.

C.Unclear.D.Doubtful.

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Droughtcurrentlyposestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.

B.Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.

C.Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.

D.Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.

語境猜詞

①effectiveness（派）=effect+ive+ness

②unpredictable（派）=un+predict+able

③long-term（合）=long+term

④fruitful（派）=fruit+ful

⑤pose熟義：兒姿勢

生義（文義）：a_____________________

C

（2024?湖南長沙二模）

TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhave

alwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkon

theseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.

ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificial

intelligence,andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmit

informationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthe

computerscreen.ltsliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.

Onebig①breakthroughintheriver'sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”.Accordingto

WangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmart

stoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyare

buriedinimportantdike（堤壩）locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones."Upon

feelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquick

response,“Wangsaid.

“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,

puttingtheirlivesatrisk,“saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.^Nowthesmartstonescando

thisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.,,

Andinthesky,drones（無人機）areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedrones

becomeexpertpatrollers（巡邏員）oftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodprevention

projects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothe

drones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.uResearchers

thenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodel

helpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches（未雨綢

繆），"saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiver

Basinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpectto

seetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.

9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?

A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.

B.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.

C.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.

D.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.

10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver?sdigitalgovernance?

A.Theyrecordwaterquality.

B.Theyimprovetheriver?sbeauty.

C.Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.

D.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.

11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?

A.Entertainingtourists.

B.Collectinginformationondikeconditions.

C.Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.

D.Testingwaterquality.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Complete.B.Basic.C.Beautiful.D.Natural.

語境猜詞

①breakthrough（合）=break+through

②governance（派）=govern+ance

③battendown____________________

語境猜詞答案

A.①一卡車（的量）②突然地；同時

B.①有效性，效力②無法預(yù)測的③長期的④成果豐碩的⑤造成，引起

C.①突破，重大進(jìn)展②管理，治理③準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對可能的麻煩或困難

答案精析

語篇解讀藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong非常關(guān)注塑料污染的問題，他用回收的廢舊塑料垃圾

創(chuàng)作巨型雕塑，以喚醒和提高人們的環(huán)保意識。

1.C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一'段最后一句"Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,

forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.“可知，藝術(shù)家Von

Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，即關(guān)注塑料垃圾

造成的問題。故選C。］

2.A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的"Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteis

recycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled."可知，全球僅有9%的塑料廢棄物被回收利用,

而且作者特別說明了塑料吸管因為體積小和重量輕而無法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段

討論塑料吸管的問題是為了說明塑料吸管回收的困難。故選A。］

3.B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，TruckloadofPlastic這一作品直觀展現(xiàn)了塑料

污染的嚴(yán)重性，會令人不安，故選B。］

4.D［標(biāo)題歸納題。通覽全文可知，作者主要講述了藝術(shù)家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑

以唉起人們對環(huán)保問題的關(guān)注，故選D。］

語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講了雖然人工增雨被認(rèn)為是解決干旱問題的一種方

法，但是人工增雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環(huán)境問題和受氣候條件的制約。因此，雖然人

工增雨可能會在一些條件下對緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實用性和可行性仍有待討論。

5.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一'段"Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouraging

precipitation（降水）...chemicalsintoclouds.（在我們?nèi)找孀兣氖澜缋?，干旱是一個日益嚴(yán)重的

問題。所有大陸都經(jīng)歷了更多的長時間無雨期，導(dǎo)致森林火災(zāi)和作物生長不良。因此，人們

正在研究人工增雨來解決這個問題——一種通過將某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的小顆粒送入云層來促進(jìn)降

水的方法）”可知，人工增雨是為了應(yīng)對干旱無雨的天氣。故選D。］

6.B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat（我最早的實踐是

在科羅拉多州東北部使用人工增雨來減少冰雹的數(shù)量。我們運氣不好）”可知，ArlenHuggins

最初的實踐沒有成功。故選B。］

7.D［觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中KaijaFriedrich的話“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveandits

effectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion（由于人工增雨成本鬲昂，其有效

性也不確定，因此其實用性仍有待討論）”可知，KatjaFriedrich對人工增雨的做法持懷疑態(tài)

度。故選D。］

8.C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhether

precipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.（問題是，很難知道降水是否直接來自人工增

雨）”可知，研究人員現(xiàn)在無法判斷降雨是否是由人工增雨帶來的。故選C。］

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數(shù)字事生體的創(chuàng)建目的、運行方式和發(fā)展。

9.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一■段"TheYellowRiveris...Andfloodcontrolandprevention...by

givingtheriveradigitaltwin.（黃河是中華文明的搖籃。洪水的控制和預(yù)防一■直是保障黃河沿岸

人民幸福生活的關(guān)鍵?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們可以通過給黃河創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)字?jǐn)伾w來更好地解決這

些問題）”可知，創(chuàng)建黃河數(shù)字?jǐn)伾w的主要目的是加強洪水的控制和預(yù)防工作。故選D。］

10.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"Theyareburiedin...ofdikestones.（它們被埋在重要的

堤壩上，以記錄和報告堤壩石塊的活動）”以及第四段過去，研究人員必須冒著生命危險，

親自到現(xiàn)場了解堤壩的情況，'來自該局的趙瀟雄說道。'現(xiàn)在智能石頭可以幫我們更安全、

更快速且更精確地完成這項工作。'”可知，智能石頭監(jiān)測和報告堤壩的狀況。故選C。］

11.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"Ontheroutesdesigned...floodprevention

projects.（在工程師設(shè)計的路線上，無人機成為河流的專業(yè)巡邏員，監(jiān)視河堤和防洪工程）”可

知，無人機在黃河數(shù)字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防狀況信息。故選B。］

12.A［詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，在水下和空中，智能系統(tǒng)正在幫助保護黃河

流域的各個方面，據(jù)水利部表示，在未來，我們可以期待為這條重要河流建設(shè)一個更全面的

數(shù)字系統(tǒng)。由此猜測，畫線詞意為“全面的”。故選A。］

作業(yè)15書籍作品介紹及書評類說明文

A

（2023?新課標(biāo)H）

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject——thebook,

representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageof

thereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcame

intobeing.Inartists?representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanity

thatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks"，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathome

oratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描

繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes-absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamoment

ofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswe

canallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），

wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasured

objectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecome

inexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialfor

artworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomakethe

printedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,but

itremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbe

activatedbyauser:thecoverop