專題03 閱讀理解【基礎(chǔ)深耕】中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)（全國）

01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航0304題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測目錄CONTENTS核心精講·題型突破

01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航考情分析近三年中考英語閱讀理解單選題，文體覆蓋記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文，選材貼近生活、緊跟熱點。文章篇幅200-400詞，題量15-20題，每題2分，分值占比高?？键c分布1.細(xì)節(jié)理解：最基礎(chǔ)高頻，考查對具體信息的捕捉，如時間、地點、人物行為等。2.推理判斷：要求依據(jù)文本合理推斷作者意圖、態(tài)度、文章走向等，考查邏輯思維。3.主旨大意：考查概括中心思想、選擇標(biāo)題、判斷段落大意，檢驗綜合歸納能力。4.詞義猜測：通過語境、構(gòu)詞法猜測生詞含義?？挤ㄅc比重1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題：占比約40%，題干給出信息，學(xué)生文中定位作答。2.推理判斷題：約占30%，從故事結(jié)局推人物性格等，選項迷惑性強。3.主旨大意題：比重約20%，概括內(nèi)容或選標(biāo)題，需把握整體脈絡(luò)。4.詞義猜測題：占比約10%，根據(jù)上下文和常識選含義。命題規(guī)律1.語篇選材：聯(lián)系生活，關(guān)注社會、文化、科技，如環(huán)保、人工智能等話題。2.考點設(shè)置：考點均勻，綜合考查多種題型與閱讀技巧、思維能力。3.干擾項設(shè)置：有迷惑性，常見偷換概念、范圍偏差、無中生有等。備考建議1.增加閱讀量：廣泛閱讀英語報刊、雜志、小說，培養(yǎng)語感，提升閱讀速度與理解能力。2.掌握閱讀技巧：學(xué)會略讀、掃讀、精讀，針對不同題型采用不同方法。3.積累詞匯：豐富詞匯量，掌握用法與搭配。4.分析錯題：分析原因，針對改進，避免再錯。5.限時訓(xùn)練：模擬考試，適應(yīng)節(jié)奏，提高答題效率。0202知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03核心精講·題型突破考點一

應(yīng)用文JoinUs!Differentclubsmakeourschoollifecolorful.Whichonewouldyouliketojoin?VolunteerClubWearegoingtovisittheoldpeople’shomethisSaturday.Wewilldosomecleaningfortheoldandmakedumplingswiththem.Let’smeetat9:00a.m.attheschoolgate.Wewilltakethebusthereandreturnat4:00p.m.Call379516tojoinus.BasketballClubCanyouplaybasketball?Doyouwanttolearndifferentbasketballskills?Doyouwanttoenjoyexcitingmatches?Ourclubopensat4:00p.m.everyTuesday.Remembertowearsportsshoes.Call543715ifyouareinterested.HikingClubWearegoingtothecountrysideforahikethisSunday.Wecanenjoythebeautyofnatureandhaveapicnicthere.Wewillcomebackat3:30p.m.Let’smeetattheschoolgateat8:00a.m.Call592873ifyouwanttojoinus.DIYClubIfyouareaDIYlover,comeandjoinus!Hereyoucanmake,repairanddecoratethingsyourselves.You’llhavelotsoffunhere.Theclubisopenfrom2:00p.m.to5:30p.m.everyMonday.Call593782formoreinformation.（2024·江蘇淮安·中考真題）03核心精講·題型突破考點一

應(yīng)用文1．Amy,amemberofVolunteerClub,willgettotheoldpeople’shome________.A．bybus

B．byplane

C．bytrain

D．onfoot2．IfTonyjoinsBasketballClub,hecangothere__________.A．a(chǎn)tweekends

B．everyMonday

C．everyday

D．everyTuesday3．Johnwantstohaveapicnicatweekends.Hecanjoin__________.A．VolunteerClub

B．BasketballClub

C．HikingClub

D．DIYClub4．Youcancall__________toknowmoreaboutDIYClub.A．592873

B．543715

C．379516

D．5937825．Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindtheposter?A．Inarestaurant.

B．Inaschool.

C．Inahotel.

D．Inasupermarket.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了幾個俱樂部。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ourclubopensat4:00p.m.everyTuesday”可知每周二去籃球俱樂部。故選D。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wewilltakethebusthereandreturnat4:00p.m”可知他們要坐公交車去。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HikingClubWecanenjoythebeautyofnatureandhaveapicnicthere”可知如果想野餐，可以參加徒步旅行俱樂部。故選C。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Call593782formoreinformation.”可知可以打電話593782了解更多關(guān)于DIY俱樂部的信息。故選D。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Let’smeetat9:00a.m.attheschoolgate”以及“Let’smeetattheschoolgateat8:00a.m.”可知文章可能出現(xiàn)在學(xué)校。故選B。03核心精講·題型突破命題特點現(xiàn)在中考英語閱讀理解的內(nèi)容更趨生活化、信息化、時代化，較多涉及廣告等實際應(yīng)用文體。應(yīng)用文是貼近日常生活的文體，包括通知、廣告、申請書等，形式多樣，題材各異，是近年來考查得比較多的一種文體。廣告應(yīng)用文語言地道，多采用簡單句，很少用句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的長、難句，因此讀起來比較容易。但是此類文章篇幅較長，信息較多，而且很多是對解題來說無用的信息。因此在解題時要注意掌握技巧。解題技巧1.抓住廣告的標(biāo)題：我們要把廣告各部分的標(biāo)題瀏覽一遍，明白廣告的目的。如果廣告開頭有導(dǎo)語，一定要認(rèn)真閱讀，因為開頭一般概括文章大意。然后再看試題，帶著試題到文章中尋找答案。這就好比我們在生活中閱讀報刊中的廣告一樣，先看廣告部分的分類標(biāo)題，然后再帶著自己的需要去尋找所需信息。最后根據(jù)問題在文中找相關(guān)線索，排除錯誤選項，

得出最佳答案。03核心精講·題型突破2.廣告文章的閱讀一般采取跳讀、略讀等快速閱讀法，快速瀏覽信息，搜索對比。對文中信息的快速處理能力是考查閱讀理解能力的重要方面。3.先看問題再讀文章：做一般的閱讀理解題時是先看文章還是先看試題應(yīng)視個人的習(xí)慣和具體情況而定。但是廣告文體文章比較長，此時我們不必記住所有信息，可以先閱讀題目，帶著問題閱讀，多注意細(xì)節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物或數(shù)據(jù)等，簡明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。解題策略考生必須掌握應(yīng)對應(yīng)用文閱讀的一些常見技巧或方法，這樣有利于快速、準(zhǔn)確地答題。

盡量多積累一些非考綱單詞和一些常見的縮寫詞語，由于應(yīng)用文中常常出現(xiàn)大量的縮寫詞和一些生詞，這就要求同學(xué)們平時要在老師的指導(dǎo)下，有意識地盡量多積累一些非考綱單詞和一些常見的縮寫詞語。1.夯實基礎(chǔ)03核心精講·題型突破表通信和影視設(shè)備：Te1.=telephonenumber，Ph.=phone表媒體：VOA=Voice

of

America，BBC=BritishBroadcastingCorporation表學(xué)歷、職業(yè)：MA=MasterofArts，BSdegree=bachelor’sdegree(學(xué)士學(xué)位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=veryimportantpersons表國家、組織、地點：theUSA=theUnitedStatesofAmerica，thePRC=thePeople’sRepublicofChina，WTO=WorldTradeOrganization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain表方向：s=south，n=north，w=west，e=east其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal

computer等等。表時間，路程，數(shù)量：am=morning，pm=afternoon，Mon=Monday，Jan.=January，hr=hour，hrs=hours，P.W.=perweek，ml=mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum03核心精講·題型突破2.宜采用＂題干定位法＂應(yīng)用文閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能滿足各種人對信息的需求，但在高考試題中，常常是就某一點提問，以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾全部仔細(xì)閱讀，因為材料中有很多冗余無效信息。做此類題時，宜采用＂題干定位法＂，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，按照題目順序依次有針對性地結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，閱讀相關(guān)部分，快速尋找有效信息，再把原文和選項相比較。當(dāng)問題與材料相同的時候，對號入座；如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實等。要注意根據(jù)所提問題采用尋讀、跳讀的方法，這樣往往可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。03核心精講·題型突破3.補全成分法

省略詞和省略句在應(yīng)用文閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，對于影響語境理解的省略情況，我們應(yīng)結(jié)合全文語境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補全，從而更加準(zhǔn)確地理解。例如：Driverwanted.根據(jù)文意，可將該句補充為＂A

driverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司機。)＂。4.排除法排除法在應(yīng)用文閱讀中也應(yīng)用得較多，即排除與文章內(nèi)容不一致的錯誤信息，從而確定正確選項。04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測1．Thematerialisprobablytakenfrom________.A．a(chǎn)websitefortravelling B．a(chǎn)webpagefordecorationC．a(chǎn)websiteforattractions D．a(chǎn)webpageforairlines2．Whichcountryistheusergoingto?A．Japan. B．France. C．America.D．Russia.3．WhatdoweknowaboutHotelDuo?A．Itssuitehasakitchen. B．It’slesspopularamongpeople.C．Itdoesn’tneedprepaymenttobook. D．Ithastwobathrooms.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一個關(guān)于旅行的網(wǎng)站。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)網(wǎng)站最上面的信息“B;Stay;Flight...Register;Signin”可知，本文主要介紹了一個關(guān)于旅行的網(wǎng)站，可以預(yù)定住宿、航班等。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Search”中的信息，目的地是“Paris(巴黎)”，所以用戶要去法國，故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HotelDuo”部分的信息，“Freecancellation;noprepaymentneeded(免費取消;不需要預(yù)付預(yù)訂費)”可知，它不需要預(yù)付預(yù)訂費，故選C。（2025·江蘇鹽城·一模）04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測（2025·廣東深圳·一模）Whatmoviesareyougoingtowatchduringyourholiday?Ifyoulikecomedicmoviesoractionmovies,thefollowingfourmoviesareallveryexcitingandfuntowatch.NeZha2Releasedate:January29,2025TheanimatedmovieNeZha2isgoingtoamazeyouwithitscolorfulworld.ThismoviecontinuesthelegendofthebraveandnaughtyNeZha.Withhismagicalpowersandcourage,hetriestoprotecthisfriendsandtheworldfromenemies.It’scertainthatthemoviewillmakeyouthinkaboutwhatisimportantinlife.

OperationDragonReleasedate:January29,2025TheactionmovieOperationDragonwillmakeyourheartracewithitsexcitingfightscenes.Themovieisaboutagroupofspecialforcessoldierswhocarryoutadangerousmission.Facingvariousdifficultiesandpowerfulenemies,theyneverbackdownandfinallysucceedwiththeireffortsandexcellentskills,whichshowsthespiritofpatriotismandthecourageoftheheroes.

DetectiveChinatown1900Releasedate:January29,2025ThedetectivemovieDetectiveChinatown1900isgoingtotakeyoubacktotheolddays.Themovieisfullofmysteriousplotsandsmartdeductions(推理).Thestoryfollowsayoungdetectivewhotriestosolveaseriesofstrangecasesin1900.Hemeetsdifferentpeopleanduseshiswisdomtofindoutthetruth.Themovieisfulloflaughterandsuspense(懸疑).

BoonieBears:ReboottheFutureReleasedate:January29,2025TheanimatedmovieBoonieBears:ReboottheFutureisgoingtobringyoualotofwarmth.ThemovieisfulloftheinterestingadventuresofthebearsandLoggerVick.Itshowstheimportanceoffriendshipandenvironmentalprotection.ThestoryisaboutLoggerVickandthebearsfixingfutureworldandmakingthefuturebetter.04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測1．Whichofthefollowingmoviesareanimated?A．NeZha2andBoonieBears:ReboottheFuture.

B．OperationDragonandDetectiveChinatown1900.C．NeZha2andDetectiveChinatown1900.

D．OperationDragonandBoonieBears:ReboottheFuture.2．Whichmoviewouldbestsuittheaudiencewhoenjoyhumorouselements?A．NeZha2. B．OperationDragon.C．DetectiveChinatown1900. D．BoonieBears:ReboottheFuture.3．WhatisthefocusofthemovieBoonieBears:ReboottheFuture?A．Theimportanceoffriendshipandenvironmentalprotection.B．TheinterestingadventuresofthebearsandLoggerVick.C．HowLoggerVickandthebearstraveltothefuture.D．Thefunnyandheartwarmingscenesinthemovie.4．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“mission”inthemovieOperationDragon?A．goal B．task C．purpose D．rule5．Wheremaythisarticlebefrom?A．Astorybook. B．Asportsreport.C．Acrimenovel. D．Afilmadvertisement.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了四部電影的基本信息。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheanimatedmovieNeZha2isgoingtoamazeyouwithitscolorfulworld.”以及“TheanimatedmovieBoonieBears:ReboottheFutureisgoingtobringyoualotofjoyandwarmth.”可知，《哪吒2》和《熊出沒·重啟未來》是動畫電影，故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themovieisfulloflaughterandsuspense.”可知，《唐探1900》這部電影充滿歡笑，有幽默元素，適合喜歡幽默內(nèi)容的觀眾，故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itshowstheimportanceoffriendshipandenvironmentalprotection.”可知，這部電影的重點是友誼和環(huán)境保護的重要性，故選A。4．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“carryoutadangerousmission”可知，這里指執(zhí)行危險的任務(wù)，mission意為“任務(wù)”，與task意思相近，故選B。5．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了四部電影的基本信息，所以文章最有可能來自電影廣告，故選D。03核心精講·題型突破考點二

記敘文（2024·北京·中考真題）

Theschoolyearbegan.Aspresidentoftherecyclingclub,Scottwasthinkingaboutnewactivitiestoencourageotherstudentstobecomemoreenthusiastic(熱心的)aboutrecycling.Hisclubhadhelpedtorecyclealotofwasteforthepastfiveyearsandhehopedthatthisyeartheywoulddoevenbetter.

Scottwenthomeonedayandlookedonline,hopingtofindideasforeventstheclubcouldorganizeatschool.Duringhisresearch,helearnedthattheamount(數(shù)量)ofelectronicwaste,ore-waste,isincreasingrapidly.Scottwasupsetwithhimselffornotnoticingthisproblemsooner.Atthatmoment,hebegantodevelopaplan.

“ThereisaspecialprojectIwantustoworkonthisterm,”Scottannounced(宣布)attherecyclingclubmeetingthenextday.“Wehaveallheardaboute-waste,butrecentlyIlearnedaboutthebadeffectsit’shavingonourenvironment.”Hewentontotelltheclubmembersthathewantedthemtoorganizeane-wastedrive—adaywhenstudentsandtheirfamiliescoulddropoffunwantedelectronicstoberecycled.“Nowlet’sgettowork!”Forseveralweeks,therecyclingclubwasbusypreparingfortheupcominge-wastedrive,ore-driveasitwassooncalled.Thebigdayfinallyarrived,andScottwasnervous.Heandtheothermembersarrivedatschoolearlytomakesurethateverythingwouldgosmoothly.Everyonewaitedeagerly,hopingthatstudentsoftheschoolwouldtakepartintheevent.

Itwasn’tlongbeforethefirstcarspulledintotheschoolparkinglot.Afterawhile,morepeoplearrived.Phones,TVsets,computersandkeyboardssoonbeganpilingup(堆積).Attheendoftheevent,Scottheardsomeonesuggestthattheschoolshouldhaveane-driveeventeveryterm.Scottsmiled,realizingthatasimpleactioncouldtrulyhavealastinginfluence.03核心精講·題型突破考點二

記敘文1．WhatdidScottlearnduringhisresearchonline?A．Studentsareenthusiasticaboutrecycling.

B．Thereisalotofwasterecycledeveryyear.C．Theamountofe-wasteisincreasingrapidly.

D．Therearemanyrecyclingclubsinthecountry.2．HowdidScottfeelatfirstonthatbigday?A．Proud.

B．Upset.

C．Excited.

D．Nervous.3．WhatdidScottrealizeattheendofthee-driveevent?A．Environmentalproblemscouldbesolved.

B．Asimpleactioncouldbringalong-termeffect.C．Teamworkisvaluableforthesuccessofevents.

D．Familymembersareinterestedinschoolactivities.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了Scott制定電子產(chǎn)品回收計劃的執(zhí)行過程以及它所產(chǎn)生的積極作用。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Duringhisresearch,helearnedthattheamount(數(shù)量)ofelectronicwaste,ore-waste,isincreasingrapidly.”可知，Scott了解到電子垃圾的數(shù)量正在迅速增加。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Thebigdayfinallyarrived,andScottwasnervous.”可知，在重要的日子到來時，Scott很緊張。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Scottsmiled,realizingthatasimpleactioncouldtrulyhavealastinginfluence.”可知，Scott意識到一個簡單的舉動可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。故選B。03核心精講·題型突破命題特點人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的常考材料之一。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞鐵事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強。

2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時間、地點和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。解題技巧1.要快速瀏覽全文，圈出重要的連接詞（如and，but等），掌握主旨和大意，特別注意文章的主題句里出作者的寫作思路。03核心精講·題型突破2.要盡快瀏覽短文后的思考題，盡量帶著題目中的問題再讀文章。3.

完成事實細(xì)節(jié)題要先劃出題干中的主謂賓，然后利用這些詞去文中找到定位句。4.

要把有關(guān)于who，what，where，how，why等方面內(nèi)容圈出來，5.遇到推理判斷題時，要注意作者態(tài)度和命題人的意圖，尤其注意關(guān)系連接詞和符號變化，不要憑個人直覺胡亂猜測。解題策略：1.猜詞題。（1）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義。（2）根據(jù)上下文、前后句的意思來猜測詞義（3）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。（4）通過同義詞、反義詞及或并列詞的關(guān)系猜測詞義。03核心精講·題型突破（5）通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞（否定前綴：un-in-dis-im；-名詞后綴：-ment，er,or,ress,ist等等）。（6）通過前后給出的定義句或解釋句來推測詞義。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。（1）首先瀏覽也把你題目看清題目要求理解什么細(xì)節(jié)，還是那句話，畫題干關(guān)鍵詞。（2）然后有選擇性的在文中找出相應(yīng)的段落，句子或短語。（3）認(rèn)真分析比對，選出正確答案。注意同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同句復(fù)現(xiàn)等。3.主旨題無論是在段落中還是文章中是明顯還是隱蔽，主旨的提出主要有四種情況，（1）首段或首句開門見山提出核心問題。03核心精講·題型突破（2）文章中間段或段落中間句給出中心，（3）段落末句或文章末段對全段或全文進行總結(jié)概括，得出段落主題句或文章主旨句。（4）文章或段落中不明確給出中心，考生要根據(jù)各段中心或各句的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，自己推出的主旨。（5）文章出現(xiàn)頻率極高的詞，很有可能與主旨或標(biāo)題關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)；選主旨句或標(biāo)題時，過于絕對、過于片面、過于寬泛的不選。4.判斷題（1）注意是選擇錯誤的還是正確的選項；（2）劃出選項中的主謂賓、連詞等關(guān)鍵詞，回到文中仔細(xì)比對。03核心精講·題型突破5.推理題（1）判斷原則：注意包含infer，imply，conclusion，conclude，summary等詞的題目多為推理題。（2）通讀全文，尤其是首尾段，迅速把握主旨；（3）通讀選項，每個選項都要勾畫關(guān)鍵詞，做到能理解選項的大致意思即可；（4）迅速找到選項所在的段落，重點關(guān)注段落中心句和邏輯關(guān)系，推理題的答案一般是對文章或段落中心句的同義替換；（5）命題方式：一般是正話反說，反話正說，無中生有，關(guān)鍵詞替換，張冠李戴等。04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測（2025·吉林·一模）IntheWarringStatesPeriod,thereweremanyshiningnamesintheriverofhistory.LianPoandLinXiangruwereamongthem.BothofthemweregeneralsoftheStateofZhao.Theybothdidalotofgoodthingsfortheircountry.LianPowasgoodatfightingagainstenemiesinthewarwhileLinXiangruwasstrongingivingwisesuggestionstotheking.Oneday,LinXiangrutookalotoftroubletogetavaluablejade(璧)backfortheking.Thenthekinghighlypraisedhim.LianPofeltunhappyandsaid,“I’llmakeLinXiangrufeelashamedandfoolishthenexttimeImeethim.”LinXiangruheardofthisfromothers.Inordernottocausetrouble,hetriedhisbesttoavoidmeetingLianPo.BecauseLinXiangruputthebenefitofthecountryfirst,hethoughtthatanytroublebetweenhimandLianPowouldbeusedbytheenemyoftheircountry.Sohekeptsilent.LaterwhenLianPorealizedhismistake,hewassoashamed(羞愧的)thathewenttoLinXiangru’shomecarryingbrambles(荊條)onhisbackandaskedforpunishment.LinXiangruwelcomedhimwarmlyandconsideredhimashisbestfriend.1．LianPoandLinXiangruwereboth________.A．kings B．soldiers C．generals D．enemies2．AfterhearingwhatLianPosaidfromothers,LinXiangru________.A．saidsorrytoLianPo B．toldtheking C．keptsilent D．visitedLianPo【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了戰(zhàn)國時期的廉頗負(fù)荊請罪的故事。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LianPoandLinXiangruwereamongthem.BothofthemweregeneralsoftheStateofZhao”可知，他們都是趙國的將軍。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sohekeptsilent.”可知，藺相如保持了沉默。故選C。04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測3．Accordingtothepassage,itisTRUEthat________.A．thekingpreferredLianPotoLinXiangru B．LianPodidn’trealizehismistakeatlastC．LianPogotavaluablejadebackfortheking D．LinXiangruputbenefitofthecountryfirst4．Whichpicturebestdescribesthestory?A．B．C．D．5．WhichwordscanbestdescribeLinXiangrufromthepassage?A．Wiseandgenerous(慷慨的). B．Friendlyandkind.C．Humorousandhelpful. D．Outgoingandhard-working.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了戰(zhàn)國時期的廉頗負(fù)荊請罪的故事。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BecauseLinXiangruputbenefitofthecountryfirst”可知，藺相如將國家利益放在第一位。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LaterwhenLianPorealizedhismistake,hewassoashamedthathewenttoLinXiangru’shomecarryingbramblesonhisbackandaskedforpunishment.”可知，廉頗意識到了自己的錯誤，羞愧難當(dāng)，背著荊棘到藺相如家里要求懲罰，B項符合。故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“BecauseLinXiangruputbenefitofthecountryfirst,hethoughtthatanytroublebetweenhimandLianPowouldbeusedbytheenemyoftheircountry.”可知，藺相如把國家利益放在第一位，他認(rèn)為他和廉頗之間的任何麻煩都會被他們國家的敵人利用，所以他保持沉默，說明他很明智；根據(jù)“LinXiangruwelcomedhimwarmlyandconsideredhimashisbestfriend.”可知，廉頗負(fù)荊請罪，藺相如熱情歡迎了他，并把他視為自己最好的朋友，說明藺相如寬宏大量。故選A。03核心精講·題型突破考點三

說明文（2024·江蘇常州·中考真題）①Chinapublishedtheworld’sfirsthighlyclearlunargeologic(地質(zhì)的)atlas(地圖集)onApril21.AccordingtotheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),itwillprovideup-to-dateinformationforfuturelunarresearchandexploration.②“Thesemapswillhelpchooselocationsforfuturelunarresearchstations,”O(jiān)uyangZiyuan,awell-knownlunarscientist,said.“TheycanalsohelpusbetterknowabouttheEarthandotherplanetsinthesolarsystem,likeMars.”③Theworldhasseengreatprogressinthefieldoflunarscienceoverthepasthalfacentury.However,thelunargeologicatlasthatwasdevelopedduringtheApolloProgramremainedunchanged.“Aslunargeologicstudiesdevelop,thoseoldmapscannolongersatisfyfutureneeds,”saidLiuJianzhong,aCASresearcher.④Since2012,OuyangandLiuhaveledateamofscientistsfromseveralresearchcentersincompiling(編制)thisatlas.TheirworkwasmainlybuiltoninformationgainedfromChina’sChang’eProgram.Informationfromotherresearchprojectsandinternationaltaskswasalsoused.⑤Thenewgeologicatlas,whichispublishedinbothChineseandEnglish,presentsascale(比例尺)of1:2.5million.Comparedwiththe1:5millionscalelunarmapsfromtheUSin2020,theselargerscalemapsshowmoredetails.Aswellasthegeologichistoryofthemoon,theyprovideinformationonits14typesofstructures(結(jié)構(gòu))and17typesofrocks.Atotalof12,341impactcraters(撞擊坑)and81impactbasinshavealsobeenmarked.⑥Thisatlasissettoservemanyusefulpurposes,suchaslunarresourcesresearchandscienceeducation.LiusaidtheupcomingChang’e-6taskwouldalsousetheatlas.“Ourmapscanhelptheresearchbyprovidingscientificsupport,”heexplained.⑦“Compilingtheatlaswasahugetask,whichincludedyearsofeffortfromalargenumberofresearchers,”saidGregoryMichael,aGermanscientist.“Itwillbeastartingpointforeverynewquestionoflunargeology.”03核心精講·題型突破1．Whatisthegreatvalueofthenewatlas?A．Itisthefirstlunargeologicatlasintheworld.

B．ItprovesthehardworkofChinesescientists.C．Itwillmeetthefutureneedsinlunarstudies.

D．Itisbuiltoninformationfrommanyresearches.2．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A．Thelargesizeandmysteryofthemoon.

B．ThediscoveryofChang’eProgram.C．Thedetailsofthenewgeologicatlas.

D．Thechallengesthescientistsface.3．Howdoesthewriterprove“Thisatlasissettoservemanyusefulpurposes”?A．Bycomparingdifferentpurposes.

B．ByusingChang’e-6taskasanexample.C．ByusingaGermanscientist’swords.

D．Bylistinginformationfromthenewmaps.4．Whatdoes“It”inthelastparagraphreferto(指代)?A．Scientificsupport.

B．Thelunarresearch.

C．Effortfromresearchers.

D．Compilingtheatlas.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了中國發(fā)布的世界上首個高清晰度月球地質(zhì)圖集及其重要性。1．

推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However,thelunargeologicatlasthatwasdevelopedduringtheApolloProgramremainedunchanged.‘Aslunargeologicstudiesdevelop,thoseoldmapscannolongersatisfyfutureneeds,’”可知，舊的月球地質(zhì)圖集已經(jīng)不能滿足未來的需求，而新的圖集將滿足未來月球研究的需求。故選C。2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Comparedwiththe1:5millionscalelunarmapsfromtheUSin2020…impactcraters(撞擊坑)and81impactbasinshavealsobeenmarked”可知，第五段主要介紹了新地質(zhì)圖集的詳細(xì)信息。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LiusaidtheupcomingChang’e-6taskwouldalsousetheatlas.‘Ourmapscanhelptheresearchbyprovidingscientificsupport,’”可知，作者通過使用嫦娥六號任務(wù)作為例子來證明“這個圖集將有很多有用的用途”。故選B。4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“‘Compilingtheatlaswasahugetask…‘Itwillbeastartingpointforeverynewquestionoflunargeology.’”可知，It指代的是“Compilingtheatlas編制圖集”。故選D。03核心精講·題型突破命題特點一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。1.who:問的是這篇文章的主體是誰?(即所要說明和描述的人或事物)2.what:問的是主體做了什么事情?(即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途)3.when和where:是在何時何地發(fā)生的?(即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途)4.how:通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的?5.why:這種特性功能用途的原因是什么?做說明文閱讀理解題的時候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點，把握全文。03核心精講·題型突破解題技巧說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。1.閱讀做標(biāo)記。在閱讀的時候可給段落標(biāo)上序號，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞匯做上記號，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.審清題干。發(fā)掘和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認(rèn)命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。

3.定位閱讀,強化對應(yīng)意識。絕大部分的說明文閱讀題都有一個共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和間接從選段中找到依據(jù)?；卮饐栴}時要注意原文利用和自我加工相結(jié)合。解題策略閱讀說明文體裁的文章時應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息：A.說明的對象B.說明對象的特征C.說明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關(guān)系法；比較對照法；過程分析法）（1）例證法這是用具體例子來說明人或事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律的方法,所用例子必須有代表性、典型性,能體現(xiàn)人或事物的本質(zhì)特征。這是用特殊來說明一般的方法。通常在主題句后,用Forexample或Forinstance等短語引導(dǎo)出具體的例子。03核心精講·題型突破（2）定義法

下定義就是給說明對象一個明確概念。這是科學(xué)而嚴(yán)密的說明方法。它既能揭示事物的本質(zhì)特征,勾勒其大概,描繪其輪廓,同時也能確定事物的范圍和界限。下定義是多方面的,可以給人、事物、思想等下定義。（3）分類法分類法是對同屬不同類或同類而不同種的人或事物,根據(jù)不同性質(zhì)進行分門別類地說明的方法。分類是人類認(rèn)識客觀世界的重要手段之一。分類必須遵守分類規(guī)則,使分類對象具有統(tǒng)一屬性,依據(jù)同一分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并使分類的子項相互排斥,不互相包蘊。（4）因果關(guān)系法事物變化的原因和結(jié)果是緊密相關(guān)的。如果某個現(xiàn)象的存在必然引起另一個現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,那么,這兩個現(xiàn)象之間就具有因果關(guān)系。因果關(guān)系包括由果推因(由結(jié)果去推測原因)和由因推果(由原因去推測結(jié)果)兩種情況。因果關(guān)系符合人們的日常思維邏輯,因而在寫作中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,常用because,as,since,so,nowthat,if...then,thereasonisthat...等表示因果關(guān)系。03核心精講·題型突破（5）比較對照法

有意識地把兩種相反、相對的事物或同一事物相反、相對的兩個方面放在一起,用比較的方法加以描述或說明,指出其相同點,這種寫法叫做比較;指出其不同點,叫做對照。比較和對照各有不同的側(cè)重,但兩種方法經(jīng)常結(jié)合使用。（6）過程分析法過程分析法就是把事物發(fā)展過程分為若干步驟,然后逐一加以分析說明。這種寫法在說明文中使用得相當(dāng)廣泛。過程分析與敘事和因果關(guān)系等寫法有密切關(guān)系,但彼此又有明顯區(qū)別:敘事研究的對象是Whathappens;因果關(guān)系研究的對象是Whyithappens,而過程分析研究的對象是Howithappens。03核心精講·題型突破04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測（2025·江蘇徐州·一模）Isjokingaroundonlyforhumans?Scientistshavenoticedthatanimalsmightalsoplaytricksoneachother!Haveyoueverseenadogtease(戲弄)peoplebylettingthemcomeclosetoitstoyandthenrunningawaywithit?ThefamousscientistCharlesDarwinthoughtthiswasthedog’swayofplayingajoke.Anotherscientist,MarcBekoff,sawdogsplayingwitheachotherbyslowlywalkinguptooneanotherandthenquicklyrunningaway.Hesaidthatdogswantagoodtimeandthatanimalsmightalsofoolaroundtodealwithstress.

Ina2024study,scientistswatchedfourdifferenttypesofapes(猿)andsawtheapesdo18differenttypesofteasingbehaviors.Theyoungapeswouldsneakupbehindtheolderones,pulltheirhair,orstealtheirfood,thenstoptoseetheirresponse(反應(yīng))—justlikewhenkidshidebehindsomethingandsay“Boo!”Researchersthinktheseactionsneedplanningandunderstandinghowothersfeel.So,theabilitytohaveasenseofhumormighthavestartedlonglongago.Butdotheseanimalshaveasenseofhumor?Aretheapesinthestudyjusttryingtogetattention,notjokingaround?Whywouldanimalsteaseandplaytricksoneachother?“Inhumans,humorcanserveasawaytobreaktheiceandconnectwithothers,”saysascientist.“Wedon’tknowifit’sthesameforapesorotheranimals,butit’spossible.”04題型特訓(xùn)·命題預(yù)測1．Whymightanimalsplaytricksoneachotheraccordingtothetext?A．Toshowtheiranger. B．Topracticetheirhuntingskills.C．Toshowtheyaresmarterthanhumans.D．Todealwithstressandconnectwithothers.2．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“______”inParagraph3?A．Butwhataboutpetsinthewild? B．Buthowdowildanimalslive?C．Butwhataboutwildanimals? D．Butwhydowestudywildanimals?3．Whatdoesthephrase“sneakup”inParagraph3mean?A．Runaftersomeonesecretly. B．Movequietlytosurprisesomeone.C．Hitsomeoneandrunawayquickly. D．Laughatsomeoneloudly.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowDogsCommunicatewithHumans? B．TheDevelopingHistoryofAnimals.C．DoAnimalsLovetoJokearound? D．Scientists’NewDiscoveriesaboutWildAnimals.【語篇解讀】本文主要探討了動物是否也會像人類一樣開玩笑或戲弄彼此的行為。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hesaidthatdogswantagoodtimeandthatanimalsmightalsofoolaroundtodealwithstress.”以及“‘Inhumans,humorcanserveasawaytobreaktheiceandconnectwithothers,’saysascientist.‘Wedon’tknowifit’sthesameforapesorotheranimals,butit’spossible.’”可知，動物互相開玩笑可能是為了處理壓力以及與其他動物建立聯(lián)系。故選D。2．推理判斷題。該段討論的是猿類的惡作劇行為，屬于野生動物的研究，前文主要討論寵物，因此橫線處需要過渡到野生動物，選項C符合邏輯。故選C。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“behindtheolderones,pulltheirhair,orstealtheirfood,thenstoptoseetheirresponse(反應(yīng))”可知，此處描述的年輕猿類悄悄接近年長猿類的行為，目的是制造驚喜或嚇唬對方。故選B。4．最佳標(biāo)題題。文章主要講述了動物，尤其是狗和猿類可能具有幽默感，能夠互相開玩笑，C選項符合。故選C。03核心精講·題型突破考點三

議論文（2024·北京·中考真題）Almosteveryonehasexperiencedthefeelingofdiscomfortwhentheiractionsdonotagreewiththeirinnervalues.Aman,forexample,valueswork-lifebalanceyetworks80hourseveryweek,caringlittleabouthisownhealthandfamily.Anotherexampleisaboywhoholdshisparents’lovedearbutgetsangryattheminamomentofstress;orawomanwhohopestolivehealthilybutgivesintotheattractionoffastfoodduringmomentsofweakness.Thisdisagreementcanleadtoseriousresults,suchasworseningrelationships,limitedpersonalgrowth,andself-doubt.Theemotionaleffectsoffeelingoutofcontrolandunabletoliveuptoourownstandardscanalsobedeeplyharmful.Theshameandupsetthatgoalongwiththesefeelingsoftenforceusintosilence,resultinginmoreself-doubt.Onereasonforthissilencemightbethatadmitting(承認(rèn))tothesebehaviorscanfeellikeshowingaweaknessormistakethatsocietytellsusshouldbekepthidden.What’smore,recognizingthisdisagreementrequirescomingfacetofacewithuncomfortabletruthsaboutourselves—aprocessthatisasdiscouragingasitisnecessaryforgrowth.Recognizingandaddressingthesebehaviorscanprovideapossibilityofchange.Bylookingintothecausesofourbehaviors,wecanbegintounderstandouractionsmoreeasilyandworktowardstickingtoourbeliefs.Researchsupportstheideathatrecognizingthisdisagreement,togetherwithmindfulnessandopencommunication,canhelpwiththisprocess.Thesemethodshelpusslowdown,reflect(反思),andchoosebehaviorsthatfollowourvaluesmoreclosely,eveninthefaceofoldhabitsorimmediateneeds.Thekeytodealingwiththisdisagreementliesincompassion(同情)forourselvesandothers.Bydevelopingacultureofopennessandbyunderstandingthechallengesofaligningbehaviorswithbeliefs,wecanbegintobreakdownwhatpreventsusfromhavingconversationandchange.Admittingthatthisdisagreementisasharedpartofthehumanexperiencecanenableustospeakopenly,findsupport,andtakenecessarystepstowardtheagreementbetweenourinnerworldandouractions.Whilethedisagreementbetweenourinnervaluesandactionsmaybecommon,throughreflection,understandingandpurposefulpracti