高中人教新課標(biāo)英語必修1至選修8核心詞匯梳理并重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練含答案

人教新課標(biāo)必修1核心詞匯梳理并重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

必修1

Unit1Friendship

upset,ignore,concern,settle,suffer,recover,addup,

gothrough,setdown,getalongwith,joinin

1.upsetadj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的

山.使不安；使心煩；弄翻；打亂（計(jì)劃等）

sthupsetsb某事使某人心煩意亂

sbupsetsth某人打/弄翻某物

upsetaplan打亂計(jì)劃

beupsetabout/over/atsth為某事煩心

upsetone'sstomach使（腸胃）不適

eg:Hisstrangebehaviourupsethisfather.

Don'tupsetynurselfabouttheexam.

It'supsethimthatnobodyhadbotheredtotellhimaboutit.

Itupsetsmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.

注：upset為表語形容詞，非定語形容詞；其過去式和過去分詞形式仍為upset；現(xiàn)在分詞形

式為upsettingo

2.ignorevt.不理睬；不顧；忽視

ignoresb/sth不理睬某人/某事

ignorancen.無知；愚昧；不知道

beinignoranceof/aboutsth不知道某事

ignorantadj.無知的；愚昧的；不知道的beignorantthat…不知道某事

beignorantof/aboutsth不知道某事

eg:HeignoredallIhc“NoSmoking"signsandlitupacigarette.

Wecan'taffordtoignoretheiradvice.

He'scompletelyignorantaboulmoderntechnology.

3.concern〃.［U］關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂［C］關(guān)心的人或事

vt.涉及；參與；使擔(dān)心，使操心

Itisnoconcernofmine/yours.

concernedadj.關(guān)心的，關(guān)切的，擔(dān)憂的；焦慮的（位于名詞之前）；相關(guān)的（位于名詞之

后）

as/sofaras...beconcerned就…而言；依…之見

beconcernedabout/forsth擔(dān)心…；關(guān)心…

beconcernedin/with與…有關(guān)

beconcernedover/atsth為某事憂慮

concernoneselfabout/for擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心

concerningprep.關(guān)于；有關(guān)

eg:Thereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceontelevision.

ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.

Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.

Thischapterconcernsitselfwiththehistoricalbackground.

注：concerned用作形容詞時(shí)意為“擔(dān)憂的；關(guān)心的”；用作后置定語時(shí)意為“相關(guān)的；有關(guān)

的另外concerning用作介詞時(shí)意為“關(guān)于；對(duì)于"。

4.settlevi.安家；定居；停留

”.使定居；安排；解決

settledown舒適地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安靜/平靜下來

settlein/into習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)

settleon選定，決定

settleup付清賬單

settledadj.穩(wěn)定的；舒適自在的

settlementn.協(xié)議，定居點(diǎn)

eg:Thecompanyhasagreedtosettleoutofcourt.

It'sallsettled-we'releavingonthenineo'clockplane.

Isettledheronthesofaandputablanketoverher.

5.suffervt.遭受,蒙受；Jnpain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardshipLU

及表示疾病的詞。

泣后常跟介詞from,表示“受……折磨；受……之苦，患某種疾病:

sufferern.患病者，受苦者，受難者

sufferingn.(肉體或精神上遭受的)痛苦，疼痛

eg:Manycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledstaff.

Hesufferedamassiveheartattack.

TheRepublicanPartyhasjustsufferedahugedefeatinthepollsrecently.

6.recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得

recoverform康復(fù)，恢復(fù)

recoveroneself恢復(fù)常態(tài)

recoveryn.恢復(fù)，改善

eg:LiuXiangisstillrecoveringfromhisoperation.

Ittookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.

Shehasmadeafullrecoveryfromherillness.

7.addup合計(jì)

add...in...把.…??加進(jìn)去；包括

add...on(to)...附加,加上

add...to...在……中加上....

addto增加；加強(qiáng)（多用于抽象意義）

addupto總計(jì)；總共（不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

inaddition另外

inadditionto...除…“?之外

eg:Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.

Remembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.

Aservicechargeof15%wasaddedontothebill.

8.gothrough經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；仔細(xì)檢查；完成；用完

goafter追趕

goagainst違反，與…不符

goahead先走；開始做；著手干

goby逝去，過去

gooff離開；爆炸

goon繼續(xù)；上場(chǎng)；流逝

goover檢查

passthrough走過；路過

livethrough經(jīng)歷

lookthrough瀏覽；往…里面看

pullthrough（大病、手術(shù)后）康復(fù)

eg:Ialwaysstartthedaybygoingthroughmye-mail.

He'samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe'sgonethrough.

Thingswillgeteasierastimegoesby.

9.setdown放下；記下；登記

setabout(doingsth)著手（做某事）

setout(todosth)開始，著手（做某事）

setaside留出；不顧

setback（把鐘等）往回?fù)埽煌七t

setfree釋放；解放

setoff動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；使爆炸

setout動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；著手；安排，組織

setup開辦；建立；設(shè)立

setanexample樹立榜樣

setfireto...=onfire縱火燒

eg:Passengersmaybesetdownandpickeduponlyattheofficialstops.

Thebadweathersetbackthebuildingprogrammebyseveralweeks.

Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.

注：setabout和setout都可作“開始著手做某事”講，但setabout后加doingsth,而setout

后加todostho

10.getalongwith與…相處；進(jìn)展

getalongwithsb同某人相處

getalongwithsth某事進(jìn)展/進(jìn)行

getabout/around（消息）傳開

get...across講清楚；（使）被領(lǐng)會(huì)

getawayfrom...離開；脫身

get...back收回，找回

get...down記下來；使悲傷

getdownto認(rèn)真做，開始著手做

getin到達(dá)；收割

geton...上車/船/飛機(jī)；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；相處

getover...克服；擺脫

getridof...消滅，擺脫，除掉

getthrough...（電話）接通；用完；通過

gettogether聚會(huì)，聯(lián)歡

eg:She'sneverreallygolonwellwithhersister.

I'mnotgettingonveryfastwiththisjob.

It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.

Yourmeaningdidn'treallyge>across.

11.joinin參力(1；力Fl入

joinup入伍，參軍

入乙

joinupwith(sb)(與某人)聯(lián)合,玄口

joinhands(withsb)(與某人)拉起手；合伙，聯(lián)合

辨析join/joinin/takepartin/attend/participate：

①join表示“加入黨派、組織、社團(tuán)、俱樂部”等,isjointheParty/YouthLeague/army/

club/organizationo

②joinin表示“參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)"，如joininagame/discussion/conversation/walk。

亦可說:joinsbin(doing)stho

③takepartin表示“參加會(huì)議、活動(dòng)”，側(cè)重說明主語參加并發(fā)揮一定作用，part前若有

修飾語，要用不定冠詞，如take(anactive)partinaparty/schoolactivities/physicallabouro

@attend表示“出席或參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、典禮，上課，上學(xué)，聽報(bào)告”，如

attendameeting/asportsmeeting/aconcert/ashow/school/alectureo

?participate為正式用語，和介詞in連用，表示積極地參與。

eg:Shelistensbutsheneverjoinsin.

Ourteacheroftenjoinsusinsinginganddancing.

Howmanycountriestookpartinthe29thOlympicGamesinBeijing?

Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.

練習(xí)：

1.Theprotestersthemeetingbyshoutingandthrowingstonesatthewindows.

A.attendedB.heldC.upsetD.mixed

2.有些司機(jī)就是對(duì)速度限制視而不見。

Somedriverssimply.

3.無視別的國(guó)家的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，伊朗政府仍將繼續(xù)它的核項(xiàng)目。

,Irangovernmentwillgoonwithitsnuclearprogram.

4.Whatthepublicisaboutiswhethermedicalworkersandscientistswillbeabletofinda

cureforthisnewdiseaseinashorttime.

A.concerningB.concern

C.concernedD.toconcern

5.Howarethekidstheirnewschool?

A.settlingB.settlingup

C.settlingintoD.settlingdown

6.AsaresultofthesevereearthquakeinWenchuan,thewholecitygreatlosses.

A.havesufferedfromB.suffered

C.havesufferedD.sufferedfrom

7.經(jīng)濟(jì)呈現(xiàn)出復(fù)蘇的跡象。

Theeconomyisshowing.

8.警方尚未找回被盜的珠寶。

Policehavesofarfailedto.

9.一HasMarycomebackyet?

—Yes.Shehasgotmanybooksfromhereiderschoolmates,which1,000.

A.addupB.adduptoC.addtoD.add

10.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweatherthehelplessnessofthe

crewatsea.

A.addedtoB.resultedfrom

C.turnedoutD.madeup

11.Maybetherearesomethingsamongthegirfspapers,likeherschoolreports,oldphotosandso

on.Canyouthemandgivemewhateveryoufind?

A.gothroughB.goafter

C.gointoD.gowith

12.Thateveninghewhathehadthoughtabouttheresearch.

A.setabout;setdownB.setabout;tosetdown

C.setout;settingdownD.setout;tosetdown

13.1don,tthinkyourspeech__tothecrowd,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.

A.gotbackB.gotaway

C.gotthroughD.gotacross

14.WhenTomwasveryyoung,hewasterriblyfrightenedofdogs,buthesoonthem.

A.gotacrossB.gotoff

C.gotawayD.gotover

15.MysistertheLeaguelastmonthandshehasdecidedto___theactivitytohelpthe

agednextweek.

A.joined;joininB.joinedin;join

C.joined;joinD.joinedin;joinin

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

native,base,command,request,recognize,block,becauseof,comeup,suchas,playarole/

partin9

1.nativeadj.本國(guó)的；本地的；天賦的

他本地人；本國(guó)人

benativeto原產(chǎn)于某地的，土生土長(zhǎng)的

beanativeof土生土長(zhǎng)的本地人

gonative入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，同化

nativeart/dance/peoples土著藝術(shù)/舞蹈/民族

nativewit/intelligence與生俱來的機(jī)智/才智

eg:ThetigerisnativetoIndia.

HeisanativeofBeijing.

Youcanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenthetouristsandthenatives.

2.basevt.以…為根據(jù)

兒基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)

basesthon/uponsth以…為基礎(chǔ)（或根據(jù)）

basesb/sth/oneselfin以…為據(jù)點(diǎn)（或總部等）,把（總部等）設(shè)在

thebaseofacolumn/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座

amilitary/navalbase軍事/海軍基地

basedadj.（以某事）為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)的

baselessadj.無根據(jù)的；無緣無故的

basementn.地下室

eg:Whatareyoubasingthistheoryon?

TheydecidedtobasethenewcompanyinNewYork.

Thetownisanidealbasefortouringthearea.

3.commandn.［C］命令，指令［U］掌握

vt.命令，指揮，支配；博得；贏得

atsb'scommand聽某人指揮

underone'scommand由…指揮

underthecommandofsb在…指揮之下

have(a)commandof掌握；精通（尤指語言）

takecommandof控制

(be)incommandof掌握，控制

commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事

commandthat...(should)do..命令…

eg:Thepoliceanivedandtookcommandofthesituation.

Applicantswillbeexpectedtohave(a)commandofEnglish.

Thecommissionintervenedandcommandedthatworkonthebuildingcease.

注：command后面的賓語從句、表語從句或同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語形式是should+

動(dòng)詞原形或省略shouldo

4.request請(qǐng)求；要求

make(a)requestfor...請(qǐng)求；要求，??

atsb'srequest=attherequestofsb應(yīng)某人之要求

byrequest(of)照需要；依照請(qǐng)求；應(yīng)邀

onrequest一經(jīng)要求

requestsbtodosth請(qǐng)求某人做某事

requestthatsb(should)dosth請(qǐng)求…

requeststhfrom/ofsb向某人請(qǐng)求某物

Itisrequestedthat...據(jù)要求…

eg:HewasthereatIherequeslofhismanager.

Sherequestedthatnoone(should)betoldofherdecision.

Youarerequestednollosmokeintherestaurant.

常用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞口訣：一堅(jiān)持insist；二命令order,command；三建議advise,suggest,

propose；四要求ask,demand,request,requireo

5.recognizevt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)

recognizesb/sthby/from...

根據(jù)…認(rèn)出某人/某事(物)

berecognizedtobe/as被認(rèn)作…/被認(rèn)為是…

Itisrecognizedthat...人們公認(rèn)…

recognitionn.認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)出

outof/beyondrecognition認(rèn)不出來

eg:Drugswerenutrecognizedtobe/asaseriousproblemthen.

Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.

Thebookisnowrecognizedasaclassic.

6.blockn.大塊；大樓；街區(qū)；一批，一組

V.阻塞，擋住

ablockofice/concrete/stone一大塊冰/混凝土/石頭

atowerblock高層建筑

anofficeblock辦公大樓

ablockofshares一大宗股份

blockoff封鎖，堵住

blockout擋住，遮住

blockup塞住，封住

block...from阻止…做…

eg:Hisapartmentisthreeblocksawayfromthepolicestation.

Themainroadsofthecityhavebeenblockedoff.

Thefallentreesblockedusfromgoingintothefloodedarea.

注：表示“阻止…做…”的動(dòng)詞有：block...;(from).../prevent...;(from).../stop...;

(from).../ban...;(from).../keep...from...

7.becauseof因?yàn)?；由?/p>

becauseof是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞；because是連詞，后跟從句。

辨析becauseof/owingto/dueto/onaccountof/thanksto：

這五個(gè)短語都有“由于、因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?，都是介詞短語，因此后面不可接從句。

①becauseof意為“由于，因?yàn)?，強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中一般作狀語。

?owingto與becauseof一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，作表語或狀語。

③dueto引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表語、狀語。作狀語時(shí)與owingto同義，但due

to一般不置于句首。

@onaccountof與becauseof,owingto同義，但語氣較為正式?？勺鳡钫Z、表語。

?thanksto只能用作狀語，可以表達(dá)正面意思，“幸虧”，也可用于諷刺口吻中(近于諷刺

口吻中的“感謝”)。

eg:LiuXianggaveupthecompetitionbecauseofhisinjury.

Thegamewascancelledowingeoheavyrain.

Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.

Itwasagreatsuccess一thanksloalotofhardwork.

8.comeup走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；(太陽(yáng)、月亮等)升起

comeupwith想出；提出

comeabout發(fā)生

comeacross穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)(=comeupon)

comealong一道來；一起去；進(jìn)步；趕快

comeback回來；記起

comeon(風(fēng)、雨等)到來；(演員)出場(chǎng)；趕快；得了吧

comeout出版；出來，出現(xiàn)：結(jié)果是

cometo蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到

eg:Thedaffodilsarejustbeginningtocomeup.

Thesubjectcameupinconversation.

Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.

注：comeup含有“被提出”之意，以物作主語，此時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而comeupwith意為

“提出，想出"，其主語是人。

Icameupwithaproposalanditsooncameupatthemeeting.

9.suchas例如…；像這種的

辨析suchas/forexample/thatis/andsoon：

①suchas…用來列舉事物。通常放在被列舉的事物的前面以及需要說明的事物的后面，意

思是“比如；諸如…之類的"，也與like互換，as后面不能有逗號(hào)。

②forexample…起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用，表明在眾多內(nèi)容中僅舉一個(gè)或少數(shù)幾個(gè)例子，可位

于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如…；舉個(gè)例子…:

③thatis是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和，相當(dāng)于namely,意思是“即，

也就是說:

④andsoon對(duì)幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí)，在說了其中的幾個(gè)以后，用...andsoon進(jìn)行概括，說

明還有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“…等”。

eg:Wildflowerssuchasorchidsandprimrosesarebecomingrare.

ItispossibletocombineComputerSciencewithothersubjects,forexample,Physics.

Wediscussedeverything一whentogo,whattoseeandsoon.

10.playarole/partin在…中擔(dān)任角色；

在…中起作用

playanimportantrole/partin在…方面起重要作用

playtheroleofsb=play/actthepartofsb

(在劇中)扮演某人的角色

playtheleadingrole起主要(帶頭)作用

eg:Clownsplayanimportantrolninacircus.

Sheplaysanactivepartinlocalpolitics.

Themediaplayamajorroleininfluencingpeople'sopinions.

11.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethanever

before.

?morethan+數(shù)詞,表示“超過,多于

②morethan+名詞,表示“不僅是,不只是

③morethan+形容詞/副詞，表示“非常，十分"，與very同義。

④morethan之后接含有can的從句時(shí)，常表示否定意義。此時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是

及物動(dòng)詞，并且與句子的主語為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

@more…than…意為"與其…不如…；是…而不是…”，表示自身的比較。

⑥nomorethan=only意為“只有，僅僅“；notmorethan常用于數(shù)詞之前，意為“至多，

不超過”，其意義相當(dāng)于at(the)mosto

eg:Thereisroomfornomoreehanthreecars.

Shewasfarmoreintelligentthanhersister.

I'mmore(hanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.

Ithadmoretheappearanceofadeliberatecrimethanofanaccident.

練習(xí)：

1.Spanishisthe____languageofmostSpaniards.

A.birthB.homeC.nativeD.natural

2.Withoutfacts,wecan'tformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge

ourthinking.

A.whichtobebasedonB.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobaseD.towhichtobebased

3.Acompetentspeakerofalanguagemusthavea(an)

ofthesedifferentstyles.

A.commentB.observation

C.commandD.response

4.Thisishisonlyrequestthattheroomafterbeingused.

A.becleanedB.wouldbecleaned

C.iscleanedD.willbecleaned

5.Thefamousfilmstarworedarkglassessothatnoonewould__him.

A.reachB.recognizeC.realizeD.know

6.多年來她努力想把她生命中的那一段經(jīng)歷從記憶中抹去。

Overtheyearsshehadtriedtothatpartofherlife.

7.由于傷風(fēng)，我的鼻子不通氣。

Mynosewiththiscold.

8.Dozensoftheforeignvisitorswillhavetowaitanothertwoweeksthedelaysin

obtainingpermits.

A.incaseofB.inspiteof

C.insteadofD.becauseof

9.Tom,togetherwithhisclassmates,becauseoftheschoolrule.

A.waspunished;obeying

B.werepunished;breaking

C.waspunished;breaking

D.werepunished;obeying

10.Theythoughtaboutitforalongtime,butstillcouldn'tasolution.

A.comeoverB.getalongwith

C.comeoutD.comeupwith

11.Afamouswriter'snewbookMyNewLifewill

nextmonth.

A.comeacrossB.comeout

C.comealongD.comeup

12.SeveralChinesefilmsarerisingtointernationalfame,,BrokebackMountaindirectedby

AngLeehaswontheOscarAwards.

A.suchasB.forexample

C.namelyD.thatis

13.ThepartthatChinaintheinternationalaffairsininternationalsociety.

A.plays;iswidelypraisedB.plays;iswidepraised

C.takes;widelypraisedD.takes;widepraised

14.-Anneactsquiteunfriendly.

一Ithinkshe'sunfriendly.

A.moreshythanB.shyerthan

C.moreshyerthanD.shymorethan

Unit3TravelJournal

prefer;persuade,determine,view,changeone'smind,givein,nomatterhow

1.preferw.更喜歡；選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）

prefersth更喜歡…

prefer（sb）todosth更喜歡（某人）做…

preferthat更喜歡［that從句中常用（should+動(dòng)詞原形）

prefersth/doing...tosth/doing…與，??相比更喜歡?,?；寧愿…,不愿…

prefertodo...ratherthando...寧可…也不…

preferencen.偏愛；愛好；喜愛

givepreferencetosb/sth給…以優(yōu)惠；優(yōu)待

inpreferencetosb/sth而不是

eg:Ipreferplayingindefense.

Iwouldpreferthatyou（should）notmentionmyname.

Hepreferstostayathomeratherthangoshopping.

ShewaschoseninpreferencetohersisterasavolunteeroftheBeijingOlympicGames.

注：在preferto...結(jié)構(gòu)中，to后接動(dòng)詞原形；在prefer...to...結(jié)構(gòu)和preference構(gòu)成的短語中

t。都為介詞。

2.persuadevt.勸說；說服

persuadesbtodosth=persuadesbintodoingsth

說服某人做某事

persuadesbnottodosth=persuadesboutofdoingsth

說服某人不做某事

trytopersuadesbtodosth（=advisesbtodosth）

盡力勸說某人做某事（但未勸服）

persuadesbofsth使某人相信…

persuasiveadj.有說服力的；令人信服的

persuasionn.說服；信服；信念

辨析advise/persuade：

advise表示“勸告”的動(dòng)作,不看結(jié)果,而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)說服"；advise既可接動(dòng)詞

的-ing形式作賓語，也可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（必須用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形），而

persuade不能。

eg:Trytopersuadehimtocome.

Iallowedmyselftobepersuadedintoentseingthecompetition.

Iamstillnotfullypersuadedoftheplan'sadvantage.

注：Youcanadvisehimbutyoumaynotpersuadehim.

3.determinevt.&vi.決定;確定;（使）下定決心

determine+n./pron.決（確）定

determinetodosth決定做某事（表示動(dòng)作，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語）

determineon/upon...決定…

determinethat/what...決定…

determinesbtodosth使某人決定做某事

determinesbagainststh使某人決定不做某事

bedeterminedtodosth決心做某事（表示狀態(tài)，可與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用）

determinedadj.堅(jiān)決的，有決心的

determinationn.決心

eg:Wedeterminedtoleaveatonce.

Hisadvicedeterminedmetodelaynomore.

Iamdeterminedtofindoutwhoisresponsibleforthis.

注：determinetodosth在詞義上等于bedeterminedtodostho但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)狀

態(tài)。類似的短語還有：preparefor/bepreparedfor,worryabout/beworriedabouto這類

結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾榉衷~作狀語的用法。

4.viewn.風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解

vt.觀看；注視；考慮

inone'sview在某人看來

comeintoview進(jìn)入視野，看得見

infullview(ofsb/sth)完全看得見

inviewofsth鑒于，考慮到，由于

withaviewtosth/todoingsth為了，指望

eg:Wetaketheviewthatitwouldbewrongtointerfere.

Howdoyouviewyourpositioninthecompany?

Inviewoftheweather,wewillcanceltheouting.

5.changeone'smind改變主意

makeupone'smind下決心，決定

bear/keep...inmind記住

have...inmind考慮；打算

call/bringsthtomind回憶起某事

fixone'smindupon把注意力集中在…

beofone/thesamemind對(duì)…意見一致

beoutofone'smind發(fā)狂，發(fā)瘋

eg:Haveyoumadeupyourmindswheretogoforyourhoneymoon?

Shecouldn'tcalltomindwhereshehadseenhimbefore.

Hewillbearthebeautifulgirlinmindforever.

6.givein屈服；投降；讓步；上交

giveintosb對(duì)某人讓步

giveaway贈(zèng)送；泄露；出賣

giveback歸還

giveoff放出；散發(fā)出（液體、氣體、氣味、能量、熱量、光、聲音）

giveout分發(fā)；用完，筋疲力盡

giveup放棄；停止；認(rèn)輸；把…送交

giveover移交

givewayto給…讓路；對(duì)…讓步

eg:Theauthoritieshaveshownnosignsofgivingintothekidnappers1demands.

Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.

Afteramonththeirfoodsuppliesgaveout.

7.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwould

beaninterestingexperience.

①在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

使用此結(jié)構(gòu)須具備兩個(gè)前提條件：a.不定式作狀語修飾作表語的形容詞；b.不定式和

句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

②不定式作定語時(shí)，當(dāng)在句子中能找到不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與其所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

eg:It'sadifficultquestiontoanswer.

Tomiseasytoplease.

HarryPotterisinterestingtoread.

8.Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.

nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論多么…”，how后緊跟形容詞或副詞，此處

相當(dāng)于however+形容詞/副詞。

疑問詞-ever和nomatter+疑問詞

①whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性

從句。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以換成nomatterwhat/which/who/whom,位置可以在

主句前或后。

②wherever,whenever,however常引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,可以換成nomatterwhere/when/

how,可以防在主句前或后。

③however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句常與倒裝結(jié)合起來。這時(shí)，however起雙重作用，一是引導(dǎo)讓

步狀語從句，二是修飾某一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，而這個(gè)形容詞或副詞要緊接在它之后。

eg:Whoeversaysthatisaliar.（主語從句）

Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.（讓步狀語從句）

Shehasthewindowopen,howevercolditisoutside.（讓步狀語從句）

練習(xí)：

1.Mostpeopleprefer____moneyit.

A.spending;toearning

B.tobespending;tobeearning

C.tospend;toearn

D.havingspent;tohavingearned

2.他試圖勸我去看醫(yī)生，但沒人能說服我！

3.toresumehisformerposition,LiuXiangisactivelyengagedintraining.

A.DetermineB.Todetermine

C.DeterminedD.Determining

4.1wouldliketobuyahousewhichhasa（n）____

overthesea.

A.imageB.viewC.sightD.scenery

5.Thesearethebasicgrammar,whichyoushouldlearn.

A.bymemoryB.byheart

C.inmindD.forgood

6.Whatdisappointeduswasthattheirdeterminationfinally____.

A.gaveoffB.gaveoutC.gaveupD.gavein

7.Hetriedtokeepupacalmappearance,buthistremblingvoicehim____.

A.showed;offB.cleared;up

C.gave;awayD.gave;out

8.Wehaveseveralmodelsofthelatestdesign,youcantakewhicheveryoulike.

A.tochooseB.tobechosenfrom

C.forchoosingfromD.tochoosefrom

9.Theemployersoftengivethejobto____theybelievehaveworkexperiencewithastrong

senseofduty.

A.whoeverB.whomever

C.whoD.thosewho

10.thecause,thehatebetweenthesemengrewdeeperanddeeper.

A.WhatB.WhataboutC.WhateverD.Whatif

Unit4Earthquakes

burst,ruin,injure,bury,judge,rightaway,atanend,anumberof,Itseemsasif...

LburstM&i”.（使）爆裂；（使）裂開；突然出現(xiàn)；爆發(fā)

比突然破裂；爆發(fā)

burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)

burstoutdoingsth=burstinto+n.突然…起來

beburstingtodosth渴望，急著要做（某事）

burstin/into闖進(jìn)，突然破門而入

burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂不可支

eg:TheexcellentperformanceofChinesecompetitorsatthe29thBeijingOlympicGamescaused

burstsofapplause.

Shewasburstinglotellhimthegoodnews.

Theboyburstintotearsonseeingthebigdog.

2.ruin幾［U］毀壞；毀滅，崩潰［C］（8）廢墟、遺址

v.（使）破產(chǎn)，（使）墮落，毀滅

beinruins成為廢墟

betheruinof成為…毀滅（gg落）的原因

bringsbtoruin使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產(chǎn)

come/fallto/intoruin毀滅；崩潰；破壞掉

ruinoneself自取滅亡

ruinone'shealth/fame破壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)

eg:Thebanksteppedintosavethecompanyfromfinancialruin.

Mynewshoesgotruinedinthemud.

Thatonemistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.

辨析destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil：

①destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復(fù)的“破壞、毀壞”程度較深；也可用于損壞抽象的

東西，比如名譽(yù)、計(jì)劃、努力、契約等。

②ruin亦指徹底毀掉，但不含有某種摧毀性的力量進(jìn)行破壞，而含有在一定的過程中逐漸

毀掉的意思。

③damage是程度較小的“破壞、損壞”，一般指被破壞的物品可以重新修復(fù)。

@break是“破壞、打破、打碎”的意思。它表示的范圍極廣，程度也不一?？捎糜谟行蔚?/p>

東西，如石頭、玻璃或瓷器等，也可用于無形、抽象的東西，如法律、沉默、魔力或習(xí)

慣等。

?spoil"破壞，糟蹋”，其重點(diǎn)在于破壞事物原先的結(jié)構(gòu)、和諧性，使原事物不再具有原先

的特點(diǎn)，賓語常是景致、食欲、計(jì)劃等。

3.injurevt.損害，傷害

injuryn.傷，傷口；傷害

doaninjurytosb傷害某人

injuredadj.受傷的，受委屈的

theinjured傷員

aninjuredlook/expression委屈的樣子/表情

injuredpride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感

辨析wound,injure,hurt,harm：

?wound一般指外傷，如刀傷、槍傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。

②injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷，其賓語常為健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能

的損失。

③hurt可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害，特指伴有疼痛的肉體上的傷害；作

不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，是“痛”的意思。

④harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便。

eg:Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.

Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethecompany'sreputation.

Don'tharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.

4.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入

beburiedalive被活埋

burysthin...把…埋到…里

buryone'sfaceinhands雙手掩面

beburiedin]埋頭于；專心于

bury(oneself)inJ

eg:Theirambitionswerefinallydeadandburied.

Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandwept.

Sincesheleft,he'sburiedhimselfinhiswork.

5.judgev.斷定；判斷；判決

兒裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員

judgesb/sthfrom/by...從…來判斷

judgebetweenrightandwrong判斷是非

asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為

judgingby/from從…上看，根據(jù)…判斷

judgementn.判斷，審判，意見，判斷力

inone'sjudgement依某人看來，按某人的看法

eg:Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.

Judgingby/fromherlastletter,theyarehavingawonderfultime.

Hewasoneofthejudgesatthehorserace.

注：judgingfrom/by表示“從…上看，根據(jù)…來判斷”，用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不

受句子主語和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，而不采用過去分詞的形式。

6.rightaway立刻，馬上

表示“立刻，馬上”的結(jié)構(gòu)：

withoutdelay/rightnow/immediately/atonce/innotime/rightoff

辨析rightaway/rightnow：

rightaway”立刻，馬上”，相當(dāng)于atonce,innotime。

rightnow”立即，馬上；此時(shí)此刻“，后一意義比now的語氣強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于at由isverymoment。

eg:Iwantitsentrightaway.

Hecleanedtheroomrightaway.

He'snotintheofficerightnow.

7.atanend結(jié)束，終結(jié)

attheendof在…盡頭，在…末端（指時(shí)間或空間的一個(gè)終點(diǎn)）

bytheendof