形容詞和副詞(帶練習(xí)及答案)

1、,形容詞和副詞,一、形容詞的種類、作用和位置,形容詞用以修飾名詞等表示人和事物的性質(zhì)、特征。通常將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和表語形容詞兩類。,1、性質(zhì)形容詞： 用以直接說明人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征的形容詞，它們有等級變化，也可以用程度副詞來修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和賓語補足語。大部分形容詞都是性質(zhì)形容詞。 1.The sweater is very beautiful. 2.I have a busy day. 3.We keep our classroom clean.,2.表語形容詞 這類形容詞只能作表語，通常不能作定語， 所以被稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞大多 以a開頭，沒有比較等級的變化，也不

2、可用 程度副詞來修飾。 如：afraid（害怕的）,alone（單獨的）, alive（活著的）,asleep（睡著的）, awake(醒著的）,以及well（健康的）, worth（值得的）,unable（不能的）, ill（病了的）等。,例句： 1.The baby is asleep. 2.The girl is afraid of snakes. 3.He feels well today.,注意：表語形容詞不能用very來修飾， 如不能說very asleep,very alone,但可以說： fast asleep,quite alone。,形容詞的位置：形容詞修飾名詞，通常是 放

3、在名詞前面。它們前面常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。如： 1.What an interesting idea! 2.Beijing is a modern city. 3.I have five good friends. 但是:在修飾由no,some,any,every 構(gòu)成的 復(fù)合不定代詞時,形容詞應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后. 如:1.Theres something wrong with my bike. 2.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?,形容詞的位置,二、副詞的種類、作用和位置,副詞是用來說明動作或狀態(tài)的特征

4、、時間、地點、程度、方式等情況。,副詞的種類,1時間副詞 如：now,usually,often,always,sometimes等 2.地點副詞 如：here,there,out,everywhere 3.方式副詞 如：carefully,well,fast,slowly 4.程度副詞 如：very,much,quite,almost 5.疑問副詞 如：how,when,why,where 6.連接副詞 如：whether,why,when,how,副詞的作用 一、作狀語,用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或整個 句子。 1.The train runs fast.(修飾動詞） 2.She

5、 has been badly ill these days. （修飾形容詞） 3.The shop is right on your left. （修飾介詞） 4.Luckily,he passed the final exams. （修飾句子）,二、作定語,有少數(shù)地點副詞、時間副詞可以作定語， 放在所修飾的詞的后邊。 1.The students there are from Beijing. 那里的學(xué)生來自北京。 2.I met an old friend on my way home. 我在回家的路上遇到一位老朋友。 3.China today has developed greatl

6、y. 今天的中國有了巨大的發(fā)展。,三、作表語,作表語的副詞多數(shù)是表示位置的，如：in,out,on,back,down,up,off,away,等 1.You must be away now. 你現(xiàn)在必須離開。 2.School is over.Lets go home. 放學(xué)了，我們回家吧。 3.The TV is still on,please turn it off. 電視還開著呢，請把它關(guān)掉。,副詞的位置,頻度副詞,頻度副詞，如always,often,sometimes, usually,seldom等通常放在行為動詞之前,be動詞之后。句子里如果有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則要放在它們之

7、后。 1.He usually has lunch in the factory. 2.The boy is often late for school.,時間副詞和地點副詞,通常置于句尾,如果同時出現(xiàn),則把地點副詞放在時間副詞的前面,也可把時間副詞放在句首。 1.They went swimming in the river yesterday. =Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,方式副詞,方式副詞修飾不及物動詞時放在動詞后，修飾及物動詞時，放在被修飾的動詞前或賓語之后，如果賓語較長，也可把副詞放在動詞和賓語之間。 1.My father

8、 works hard. 2.Tom speaks English very well. 3.Mike wrote carefully some letters to his parents.,程度副詞,程度副詞一般放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞前面，放在情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后。 1.I am really sorry to hear that. 2.The weather here is quite different from that in Nanjing . 3.The gilrs works very hard.,形容詞和副詞 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成,規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 1) 一

9、般情況加 er 或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest 2) 以字母 e 結(jié)尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest,3) 重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音 字母時雙寫加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i 加 er 或 est early earlier earli

10、est easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest,規(guī)則變化 部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加 more 或 most slowly - more slowly - most slowly easily - more easily - most easily carefully - more carefully - most carefully,不規(guī)則變化 1. good/well better best 2.many/much more most 3.little less least 4.far farther farthest ( far furt

11、her furthest ) 5. bad/badly/ill worse worst,形容詞和副詞 比較級和最高級的用法,一、比較級用法,表示兩者（人或事物）的比較時用比較級，通常用連詞 than 引導(dǎo)，表示“較”或“更一些”的意思 1.This cake is more delicious than that one. 2.Li Lei jumped farther than Jim (did).,二、最高級用法,表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比較用最高級,最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶of（in,among）短語來說明比較的范圍 *Shanghai is the bigge

12、st city in China. *Lucy sings (the) best of all. *He is the most careful among us.,三、同級比較的用法,在表示 “和一樣” 和 “不及” 這概念時，可以用 “as+原級+as” 和 “not as（so）+原級+as”的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before. *He does not run so (as) fast as I.,幾種比較級的使用句型,1.“ 比較級 + and + 比較級 ” 表示“ 越來越 ” 1.Your English is getting better

13、 and better. 你的英語越來越好了。 2.These days more and more people are learning English. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)英語的人越來越多了,2. “the + 比較級，the + 比較級” 表示“ 越就越 ” *The more, the better. 越多越好。 *The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高興。,3.“ more (less) than ”表示 “超過（不到）” *She is more than thirty. 她三十多歲了。 *The lightest weighs less

14、than 50 kilograms. 最輕的不到五十公斤。,4.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少” *The problem is more or less solved. 這個問題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。 * -Is it straight? - More or less. 它直嗎？ 差不多吧。,6)注意點,1.形容詞最高級前一定要用the，副詞 最高級前可省略. He did (the) best in the exam. 2.在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，在the后常用one，that，those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞 1)This pen is shorter than th

15、at one. 2)The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 3)The boys in our school leave school later than those in theirs.,3.用or連接兩項需作比較的內(nèi)容時，須用比較級；若or連接三項或三項以上的內(nèi)容時，則須用最高級 *Who is taller, Mary or Jane? *Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?,4) 可用much, still, a little, even, far,thr

16、ee years等表示程度的狀語來 修飾比較級 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is three years older than I. *This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.,同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,1.He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is taller than the other students in his class. = He is taller than any of the other

17、students in his class. = He is the tallest (student)in his class,2.Kate is not as careful as Millie. =Millie is more careful than Kate. =Kate is less careful than Millie. 3.Lucy sings better than Lily. =Lily sings worse than Lucy. =Lily doesnt sing as well as Lucy.,1.Its important to keep calm in an

18、 emergency. If you are frightened, you may make wrong reactions. 2. Mother joins me in sending our best wishes. 3. They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son. 4. He has a good command of French, so that he can communicate with the French guests well. 5. Vietnam made an offic

19、ial request that the conference be postponed.,6.Hov can I persuade you that Im sincere? 7. An earthquake left the whole city in ruins. 8. You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 9.Attack is the best defense. 10. The whole situation was so ridiculous, I simply burst into laughter.,Quiz on adjs

20、. and adverbs.,1.形容詞分為_形容詞和_形容詞。 2.指出以下形容詞在句子中的成分。 The price sounds reasonable. Something serious has happened to him. I make her happy. 3.寫出三個表語形容詞。 4. 形容詞在修飾由no, some, _, _構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，放在被修飾的詞后面。 5.指出下列副詞的種類： carelessly，quite，whether, everywhere, never. 6.寫出big 和little 的比較級和最高級。 7.翻譯：問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就

21、越小。 我等的越久就變得越不耐煩。 那所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量多達4ooo人。,The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. The longer I waited， the less patient I became. The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.,練一練,選擇 ( )1We dont have much homework now and our schoolbags are_th

22、ey used to be.(錦州09) A.as heavy as B.not as heavy as C.as heavily as D.not as heavily as ( )2_we plant,_our city will be. A.The more trees;the beautiful B.The less trees; the more beautiful C.The more trees;the more beautiful D.The less trees ,the beautiful.,B,C,( )3.Dont worry. Your baby is looked

23、after _ here, the nurses are very _.(常州09) A. careful, carefully B. carefully, careful C. care, careless D. careless, care ( )4 .The air in our city is_than it used to be.Something must be done to stop it.(蘭州09) A.Very good B.much better C.even worse D.Rather bad ( )5.My father told me a story last

24、night.It is _ Ive ever heard.(蘭州09) A.funnier B.funniest C.the funniest D.the funnier,B,C,C,( )6.-John sings so well.Has he ever been trained? -No.He learns all by himself. He_goes to any training class. A.usually B. never C. often D.even ( )7.What a _cough!You seem_ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terrib

25、ly,terrible C.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly ( )8.The population of Beijing is larger than _Shenzhen. A./ B.the one in C.that of D.those of,B,A,c,1. Mr. Green is feeling _ enough to go to work. (好) 2. The old man looks much _ than you think. (friend) 3. This box is not so _ as that one. (重) 4

26、. Lucy jumped _ of the four. (high) 5.The man looked_ (生氣地)at his son and said: “Go away!”,well,more friendly,heavy,highest,angrily,More practice,1. Jack get up _ today than yesterday. (early) 2. Please do your homework _. (careful) 3. He is too tired to go any _. (far) 4. Le Lei runs _ (fast) than

27、I, but he doesnt run as _ (fast) as my brother. 5. Exercise Five is _ than Exercise Four. (difficult),earlier,carefully,farther,faster,fast,more difficult,More practice2,He is much _ than I. (thin) The work isnt hard. I can finish it _. (easy) There is _ water in the glass than the bottle. (little)

28、He has been ill for few days. He feels even _ today. (bad) Last term he studied hard. He is going to study _ this term. (hard),thinner,easily,less,worse,harder,More practice3,( )1. Does he speak English _ his father? A. as good as B. as well as C. best than D. as better as ( )2. Peter is _ than his

29、uncle. A. more fatter B. fatter C. fat D. very fat ( )3. Tom is _ than I. A. older five years B. five years older C. five years elder D. oldest by five years ( )4. This maths problem is _ that one. A. not so easy as B. more easy than C. as easier as D. easy than ( )5. The Summer Palace is _ than all

30、 the other parks in Beijing and it is _ park in Beijing. A. beautiful, beautiful B. more beautiful, more beautiful C. most beautiful, the most beautiful D. more beautiful, the most beautiful,B,B,B,A,D,More practice4,( )6. Which do you like _, basketball, football or volleyball? A. more B. very much

31、C. most D. best ( )7. Mary looks _ at home. A. happy B. happily C. happier D. more happy ( )8. This play isnt as _ as that one. A. more interesting B. interesting C. much interesting D. most interesting ( )9. This TV set is _ of the three. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest ( )10. I hav

32、e not learned the word _. A. already B. still C. also D. yet,D,A,B,D,D,表達倍數(shù)的常用結(jié)構(gòu),1. 數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞原級+as This room is twice as big as that one. 2. 數(shù)詞+times+形容詞比較級+than This room is twice bigger than that one. 3. 數(shù)詞+times+性質(zhì)名詞+of （性質(zhì)名詞主要有：length, size, height, weight, depth等） This room is twice the s

33、ize of that one. 。 4. （not）half+as+形容詞原級+as This room is half as big as that one.,1. （03北京卷） Our neighbor has _ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 2. （05 湖北卷）What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before .It is it is long. Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half as Cnot half as wide as Das wide as not half 3. （08浙江卷