一招搞定雅思小作文 終極版本.ppt

1、雅思小作文,目錄,小作文基本信息,字?jǐn)?shù)：150字 時(shí)間：17-20分鐘為宜 分值比重：占了作文分?jǐn)?shù)的1/3 類型： 圖表類作文,小作文類型,線形圖：line graph 柱狀圖：bar chart 餅圖：pie chart 表格：table 流程圖：flow chart 地圖：map,line graph,line graph,bar chart,bar chart,pie chart,pie chart,table,table,flow chart,map,主流題型,線形圖 柱狀圖 餅圖 表格,主流圖形分類,把上述4種圖形可以總的分為2種： 1 動態(tài)趨勢圖 2 靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)圖 區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 1 動

2、態(tài)趨勢圖：多時(shí)間， 上升下降，做縱向比較 2 靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)圖：單時(shí)間， 多和少 ， 做橫向比較,動態(tài)圖中的線形圖,上升（v）,increase rise go up grow jump climb,下降（v）,decrease decline go down fall drop,修飾上升下降（v）的變化幅度詞（adv）,輕微地 slowly slightly marginally,變化幅度詞（adv）,平緩地 steadily smoothly gradually moderately,變化幅度詞（adv）,劇烈地 significantly sharply dramatically drasti

3、cally steeply surprisingly strikingly hugely,幾個特殊動詞,increase significantly= soar rocket surge,上升(n),increase rise growth,下降（n）,decrease decline fall drop,修飾上升下降(n)的變化幅度詞（adj）,把剛才變化幅度詞（adv）去掉ly，就成了形容詞，除了下面三個詞： dramatically-dramatic drastically- drastic steadily-steady,到達(dá)頂點(diǎn),reach the peak peak (v) 注：達(dá)

4、到底點(diǎn) reach the bottom,波動性下降,sth have/show a downward trend sth decrease with (minor) fluctuations 注：波動性上升 sth have/show an upward trend sth increase with (minor) fluctuations,保持不變,keep/remain+ unchanged stable steady constant,帶數(shù)據(jù)的介詞,帶數(shù)據(jù)的介詞,從到 fromto eg: The sales of the computers increased slightly f

5、rom 500 to 700.,帶數(shù)據(jù)的介詞,表示“了” by 比如：電腦銷量輕微地上升了200臺。 The sales of computers increased slightly by 200.,帶數(shù)據(jù)的介詞,表示某個時(shí)間點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定的數(shù)據(jù) at stand at 比如：1990年的時(shí)候電腦的銷量是500臺。 The sales of computers were/stood at 500 in 1990. 比如：電腦的銷量在2005年的時(shí)候以2100臺的水平達(dá)到了頂點(diǎn)。 The sales of the computers reached the peak at 2100 in 1990.,

6、時(shí)間的表達(dá),時(shí)間的表達(dá),1 在某個時(shí)間點(diǎn) in+年或月 in 2010 in the year of 2010 in August on+日 on 1st at+小時(shí) at 10pm,時(shí)間的表達(dá),2 從一個時(shí)間到另一個時(shí)間 如:從1990年到1997年 from 1990 to 1997,時(shí)間的表達(dá),3 在一個時(shí)間和另一個時(shí)間之間 如：在1990年到1997年之間 between 1990 and 1997,時(shí)間的表達(dá),4在某段之間里 如：在1990年到1997年的7年之間 during/over/throughout 7-year period between 1990 and 1997 d

7、uring/over/throughout 7-year period from 1990 to 1997,時(shí)間的表達(dá),5 自從since 直到until,動態(tài)圖中必用的三大句型,1 主題+變化（v）+ 變化幅度（adv）+數(shù)據(jù)+時(shí)間 2 There be + a + 變化幅度（adj）+ 變化（n）+ in +主題+數(shù)據(jù)+時(shí)間 3 時(shí)間+see/experience/witness/undergo+ a +變化幅度（adj）+變化（n）+in +主題+數(shù)據(jù) 注：第三種句型也可以用主題做主語,第一部分,The sales of the computers increased slowly fr

8、om about 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002. There was a marginal growth in the sales of the computers from 600 in 2001 to 900 in 2002.,第二部分,The sales of the computers rose steadily by 500 in the following year . The following year saw/witnessed/experienced a steady increase to 1400.,第三部分,The sales of

9、 computers went up dramatically since 2003,reaching the peak at 4000 in 2005. The sales of computers increased steeply to the peak at 4000 in 2005.,第四部分,The sales of computers showed a downward trend, decreasing to 3000 in 2007. There was a downward trend in the sales of computers during the followi

10、ng two years, which decreased to 3000 in 2007.,第五部分,The sales of the computers remained steady at 3000 in 2008.,第六部分,The sales of computers declined dramatically to 1800 in 2009.,全段,There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002, and they increased graduall

11、y to 1400 in the following year. Then they rose dramatically to the peak at 4000 in 2005. After that there was a downward trend in the sales, which decreased to 3000 in 2007. Before they decreased sharply to 1800 in 2009, they remained constant at 3000.,動態(tài)圖中起點(diǎn)的寫法,第一種：直接帶過法 There was a slight growth

12、in the sales of computers from 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002, and they increased marginally to 1400 in the following year.,動態(tài)圖中起點(diǎn)的寫法,第二種：起點(diǎn)單獨(dú)介紹 如果起點(diǎn)單獨(dú)介紹又可以用2種手段 a：用介詞at帶數(shù)據(jù)法 b：用直接帶數(shù)據(jù)法,a：用介詞at帶數(shù)據(jù)法寫起點(diǎn),The sales of computers stood/were at 600 in the year of 2001. Beef was most popular in the year of

13、1979, for its consumption was at 200 grams per person per week.,b：用直接帶數(shù)據(jù)法,In 2001, 600 computers were sold in that shop. About 7 million tonnes of CFC-11 were produced in the year of 1980. 注：2種單獨(dú)寫起點(diǎn)的手法，后面可以直接跟上which從句,寫頂點(diǎn)的方法,第一種方法：用分詞的方法 The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,reachin

14、g the peak at 4000 in 2005. 第二種方法：用which從句形式 The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,which reached the peak at 4000 in 2005. 第三種方法：直接法 The sales of computers increased steeply to the peak at 4000 in 2005.,呈現(xiàn)出向上或向下趨勢,用了show/have a downward trend這個句型后發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)比較難帶，可以采用以下的辦法： The sales of the

15、 computers showed a downward trend, decreasing/which decreased from XX to XX.,帶數(shù)據(jù)方法的總結(jié),1 介詞帶數(shù)據(jù)法 2 直接帶數(shù)據(jù)法 3 從句帶數(shù)據(jù)法 4 分詞帶數(shù)據(jù)法 5 括號帶數(shù)據(jù)法,動態(tài)小作文開頭段,The line graph/bar chart shows/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ reveals/ describe the changes/ trends in + 數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)形式 + 數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)對象+ 地點(diǎn) + 時(shí)間。,The graph below shows the consu

16、mption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004,靜態(tài)圖形的寫作,其實(shí)要寫好靜態(tài)圖的一個關(guān)鍵步驟是如何加工數(shù)據(jù)。 如果數(shù)據(jù)加工不好，會產(chǎn)生兩個比較嚴(yán)重的問題，一是字?jǐn)?shù)不夠，二是感覺文章是數(shù)字的羅列。,加工數(shù)據(jù)的方法,數(shù)據(jù)加工一般可以有三種方法 1 描寫數(shù)據(jù)本身所傳達(dá)給你的最直觀信息 2 進(jìn)行各個項(xiàng)目之間的橫向比較，這個是最重要的 3 對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行一個模糊化表達(dá),橫向比較的方法,所謂橫向比較，就是兩個或者多個不同事物在同一時(shí)間或者同一范圍內(nèi)的比較。在靜態(tài)圖的寫作中極

17、其重要。一般我們會有以下的8種方式進(jìn)行橫向比較。,第一種,the popularity of different car color,第一種,1 The most popular car color is white. 在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以用小括號帶數(shù)據(jù)，定語從句，或者分詞帶入數(shù)據(jù)。 The most popular color is white, 1 which accounts for 56% 2 accounting for 56% 3 (56%),第一種,2 在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可以把主語和表語互換。 White is the most popular car color. 3 The

18、highest percentage of the popularity of car color is white. greatest proportion largest 4 White has the largest percentage of all car colors. 5 White has 56% of all the car color,第二種,圖中紅色所占百分比僅此于白色，所以我們也可以說： A significant percentage of car color is red Red is substantially/ considerably/ significant

19、ly/ much/ far more common than blue. 如果表示只多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，那么可以說： Sth is a little more common that sth.,第三種,從數(shù)據(jù)的比較中，還可以考慮用分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)方式: Red has almost a third of the total number of different car colors. School A has almost a quarter students as school B. There is a quarter as many students in school A as in school

20、B.,第四種,與分詞相類似的是倍數(shù) 1 White is about twice as common as red. 2 The number of students in school A is twice as many as that in school B.,第五種,有時(shí)候比較的數(shù)量比較多，可以將其排序，尤其可用于餅圖和表格圖中。 A is largest, followed by B. C comes next. D ranks fourth. E takes the fifth position. F lies last.,第六種,兩個被比較對象如果數(shù)量相同，也值得描述 1 A a

21、nd B both had 10%. 2 A is exactly the same popular as B. 3 A is same in size/ popularity with B.,第七種,兩個比較數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)量接近，也要考慮 1 School A has almost/ nearly as many students as school B. 2 School A has almost the same number of students as school B. 3 The number of students in school A is similar with that in

22、 school B. 4 School A come close to school B in the number of students.,第八種,要是比較對象相差很懸殊的話 The greatest difference is found in sp, where A , B, The main difference between A and B is that,The pie chart shows the total meat sold.,As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the mos

23、t popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork and it occupies 20%, followed by the beef, constituting 18%; and finally come lamb,fish and others, at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively.,表格,The table shows the female workforce and managers in 5 countries.,The table lists the percentage of the total

24、workforce and the percentage of managers who are women in five countries. The Unite States has a roughly gender-balanced workforce: women make up about half the countrys working population (46%). Women in Australia and Japan have similar share of the countrys labor force (42% and 41%respectively). N

25、ext comes Sri Lanka with 37% of all workers being women. Finally, Egypt is where the most striking gender difference is found : there is only one women for every four men in the workplace.,Turning to employment at management levels, the United States and Australia have a similar percentage of manage

26、rs who are women (43% and 41% respectively), which is only slightly lower than the corresponding percentage of women in the overall workforce. However, managerial positions in the other three countries are predominantly occupied by men, as women constitutes only 12% of all managers in both Egypt and

27、 Japan, and only 9% in Sri Lanka,動靜結(jié)合圖,動靜結(jié)合,The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adults Americans in two of the years.,Numer of marriages and divorce in the USA 1970-2000,Marital status of adult Americans, 1970 and 20

28、00,In terms of the marital status of adults in America, it can be seen that the majority of Americans were married, for the percentage in 1970 was highest,accounting for 70%. Compared with that of married adults, the percentage of widowed adults was considerably lower, at 8%. But the percentage of b

29、oth marital status showed a downward trend in the following 30 years, decreasing to 59% and 6% in 2000.,While about 15% of adults never married and only a tiny share of adults divorced (2%) in 1970. and the figues increased gradually to 20% and 8% respectively in the year of 2000.,流程圖,流程圖注意事項(xiàng)： 1 時(shí)態(tài)為

30、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 2 盡可能多使用被動語態(tài)，以顯示客觀和正式 3 分清楚圖中基本上分幾個步驟，把箭頭變成相應(yīng)的動詞 4 多使用表示順序的連接詞 5 如有可能，多使用表示被動的分詞，來代替被動語態(tài),流程圖,流程圖開頭的寫法 The diagram shows the production of sth, and the whole procedure can be divided into (how many) stages. It works as follows. The following picture shows the structure of sth, and it mainly co

31、nsist of (how many) parts.,流程圖,表示時(shí)間順序的連詞： 首先 in the first stage the first stage is to do sth the first stage involves sth to begin with,流程圖,表示時(shí)間順序的連詞： 其次 after this in the following stage the second stage is to do sth,流程圖,表示時(shí)間順序的連詞： 最后 eventually in the last stage,流程圖1,The diagram below show the lif

32、e cycle of this silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.,流程圖1,范文1,The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworth. First of all, egges are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry le

33、aves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.,范文1,The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk c

34、loth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be seperated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 meters long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. Overall, the diagrams show that the coccon stage

35、of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.,流程圖2,The diagram below shows how to recycle organic waste to produce garden fertilizer.,范文2,This series of five diagrams shows how three kinds of organic wastes are turned into a chemical mixture or fertilizer to be use

36、d for garden plants. A plastic container, two cubic meters in volume, stores these wastes. On its fours walls are three tires of vents for air coming in and going out. Waste food lies at the bottom of the container and piles up to 15cm in height. On its top is grass which is also 15cm in thickness.

37、Then shredded newspaper are spread over.,范文2,Nitrogen is poured in. Water is needed only when it is hot in weather. With the cover tightly closed on the container, the decomposition process of these organic wastes is starting under the effect of heat and vapor begins emitting out, too. The biogas ar

38、ises continuously from the pile of wastes and releases out. After six months of fermentation all the wastes are finally converted into fertilizer. This illustrates a chain of chemical reactions than can be transform what are the wastes to something useful, even valuable.,流程圖3,The flow chart below sh

39、ows the three stages of glass bottle recycling.,范文3,This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages. In the first stage, used bottles are collected at a recycling point ready to be transported by a truck. The s

40、econd stage first takes place in a cleaning plant, where these recycled bottles are sorted by color into green, brown and clear ones, and washed by high pressurised water. When this clean process finishes, the bottles are transported to a glass factory where they are cut into pieces which are then p

41、oured into a furnace. After being heated in the furnace, the molten glass, mixed with added glass liquid from other sources, flows into a glass mold. After the remolding process a new bottle emerges.,范文3,In the final stage, new, empty bottles are filled with liquid, packed and despatched to the supe

42、rmarket ready to be picked by consumers. At this point, a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin.,地圖,地圖要注意是否有指南針，要是沒有就按照上北下南，左西右東。,地圖1,The diagrams below show the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.,范文1,The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey l

43、ooked like in 1780, 1860 and 2000. In 1780, Kelsbey had only 100 homes. But it had a large expanse of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle, In the west there was a river running from north to south. The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes. But

44、 the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half. In the same year, a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences. 140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared. Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the v