計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)第3版unit5

1、11.09.2020,.,1,Unit 5 Electronic-Commerce Knowledge,5.1 Electronic-Commerce 5.2 Electronic Data Interchange 5.3 Advertising Methods on the Web,11.09.2020,.,2,5.1 Electronic-Commerce,Electronic-commerce (EC) means using simple, fast and low-cost electronic communications to transact, without face-to-

2、face meeting between the two parties of the transaction. Internet provides companies with many markets in the cyberworld and numerous chances for product promotion.,11.09.2020,.,3,The definition of electronic commerce,The use of electronic transmission mediums (telecommunications) to engage in the e

3、xchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location. From a communications perspective, EC is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over telephone lines, computer networks, or any o

4、ther electronic means. From a business process perspective, EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow. From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving th

5、e quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.,11.09.2020,.,4,The definition of electronic commerce,From an online perspective, EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the Internet and other online services. E-Business is all about cycle time, s

6、peed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. The broader definition is that electronic commerce is the use of electronic tools in commercial activities.,11.09.2020,.,5,Classification of the EC field by the nat

7、ure of the transactions,Business-to-business (B2B). Most of EC today is of this type. It is the electronic market transactions between organizations. Business-to-consumer (B2C). There are retailing transactions with individual shoppers. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C). In this category, consumer sells di

8、rectly to consumers. Consumer-to-business (C2B). This category includes individuals who sell products or services to organizations.,11.09.2020,.,6,Internet electronic-commerce security,Security breaches are most frequently discussed in terms of the Internet and the danger that hackers will intercept

9、 messages, misuse the information or modify the content of the message. A customer can be impersonated, with or without the use of the customers equipment. The vendor can trade inappropriately or dishonestly.,11.09.2020,.,7,Internet electronic-commerce security,The security issues, across the networ

10、k and at both ends, fall into a number of categories. Confidentiality Authentication Integrity Non-Repudiation,11.09.2020,.,8,Legal issues in electronic-commerce,Electronic-commerce is so new that the legal, ethical, and other public policy issues that are necessary for electronic-commerces existenc

11、e are still evolving. Businesses operating on the Web face two additional complicating factors as they try to comply with the law. First, the Web extends a companys reach beyond traditional boundaries. Customers often have much more interactive and complex relationships with online merchants than th

12、ey do with traditional merchants. Further, the Web creates a network of customers who often have significant levels of interaction with each other.,11.09.2020,.,9,Legal issues in electronic-commerce,We have segregated the electronic-commerce related legal issues to include: Privacy Intellectual prop

13、erty Free speech Taxation Consumer protection,11.09.2020,.,10,Key Words,auction 拍賣，標(biāo)售 bogus 偽造的，假的 commodity 商品，便利，利益 confidentiality 私密性，機(jī)密性 consumer 消費(fèi)者，用戶 customer 客戶，買主 dishonestly 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，不可靠的 disseminate 散播，傳播，普及 ethical 道德的，倫理的 fingerprint 指紋 fraud 欺騙，舞弊,11.09.2020,.,11,Key Words,globalization 全

14、球化 impersonate 模仿，假冒 inappropriately 不適當(dāng)?shù)模幌嘁说?integrity 完整，完全 intentionally 有意的，故意的 irrefutable 無(wú)可辯駁的，駁不倒的 loophole 漏洞，欺騙性圈套 misrepresentation 誤傳，曲解 misuse 誤用，濫用 obligation 契約，債務(wù)，合約，責(zé)任,11.09.2020,.,12,Key Words,perspective 遠(yuǎn)景，觀點(diǎn)，眼界 purchaser 買主，購(gòu)買人 receipt 收據(jù)，收條 repudiation 抵賴，拒絕，推翻 segregate 分開，分離

15、，隔開 stakeholder 利益共享者，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共同承擔(dān)者 systematically 系統(tǒng)地，成體系地 taxation 征稅，稅制，稅收 unilateral 一方的，單方面的，片面的 vulnerable 脆弱的，易受傷的,11.09.2020,.,13,Notes,1 Businesses can maintain their competitive advantage by establishing close contact with their customers and consumers at anytime through Internet by providing th

16、e latest information on products and services round the clock. latest information意思是“最新信息”，round the clock意思是“二十四小時(shí)”。 譯文：通過(guò)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全天候地提供產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)的最新信息，商家可以與客戶和消費(fèi)者隨時(shí)建立緊密聯(lián)系來(lái)確保他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。,11.09.2020,.,14,Notes,2 From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and manageme

17、nt to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery. “From a service perspective”作狀語(yǔ)，主句是“EC is a tool”，“that”后面的部分作定語(yǔ)修飾“tool”。 譯文：從服務(wù)的角度來(lái)看，電子商務(wù)是一種用來(lái)滿足廠商及消費(fèi)者的需要，設(shè)法降低服務(wù)和管理成本，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和加快服務(wù)速度的工具。,11.09.2020,.,15,Notes,3 Li Qi, a professor and expert in

18、 this field, defines EC from the perspective of productive force. 本句中的“a professor and expert in this field”是“Li Qi”的同位語(yǔ)。 譯文：電子商務(wù)領(lǐng)域的專家李琪教授從生產(chǎn)力的角度來(lái)定義電子商務(wù)。,11.09.2020,.,16,Notes,4 The narrower definition is that electronic commerce is the whole process in which people, who master information technolog

19、y and business regulations and rules, systematically use electronic tools and efficiently and low-costly engage in all kinds of activities centering on the exchange of commodities and services in a highly technically and economically advanced society. 這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，“that electronic commerce ”是表語(yǔ)從句，“who”引導(dǎo)的

20、是非限定性定語(yǔ)，修飾“people”，“systematically”作狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：狹義的電子商務(wù)是指在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)達(dá)的社會(huì)，那些掌握信息技術(shù)和商務(wù)規(guī)則及法規(guī)的人們利用電子工具，系統(tǒng)地、有效率地、低成本地參與到各種以交換商品和服務(wù)為中心的整個(gè)過(guò)程。,11.09.2020,.,17,Notes,5 Thus the message must be made un-interpretable to everyone except the designated receivers, so as to give an electronic message the property of conf

21、identiality. 本句的“so as to”是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：因此除了指定的接收者之外，傳輸?shù)男畔⒈仨毷菬o(wú)法解讀的，這樣才能賦予電子信息的私密性。,11.09.2020,.,18,Translation Exercises,電子商務(wù) electronic-commerce 信用卡 credit card 傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng) traditional market 電子媒介 electronic media 公共政策 public policy 不可抵賴 non-repudiation 在線服務(wù) online service 隱私聲明 privacy statements,11.09.2020

22、,.,19,Translation Exercises,intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) commercial electronic application 商務(wù)電子應(yīng)用 legal loopholes 法律漏洞 buying and selling products 買賣產(chǎn)品 international business 國(guó)際商務(wù) competitive advantage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) traditional merchant 傳統(tǒng)商家 consumer protection 消費(fèi)者保護(hù),11.09.2020,.,20,Reading Material: Role of T

23、rust in Electronic-Commerce Success,Trust brings in repeat business, an essential ingredient for success. Trust is not easy to measure. It is developed over time. People trust a business based on their own past experience as well as by third party recommendations.,11.09.2020,.,21,Reading Material: R

24、ole of Trust in Electronic-Commerce Success,In the world of online commerce the factors that significantly contribute for enhancing transaction trust are: Easy access to description of products and services; Ease of placing orders; Order confirmation; Order tracking; Post-sales service.,11.09.2020,.

25、,22,Reading Material: Role of Trust in Electronic-Commerce Success,Post-sales service is a key component in earning customer loyalty and trust. Many online businesses are unknown to customers. Yet, they have an interest in doing business with the online company because the product or service has a b

26、eneficial aspect to the customer. The intermediary role involves conflict resolution and customer satisfaction.,11.09.2020,.,23,5.2 Electronic Data Interchange,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used by organizations for transactions that occur on a regular basis to a pre-determined format. In exe

27、cution of a simple trade exchange, the customers order can be sent by EDI and the delivery notification from the supplier can also be electronic.,11.09.2020,.,24,The Definition of EDI,More formally EDI is described as the interchange of structured data according to agreed message standards between c

28、omputer-computer systems, by electronic means. In practice, EDI is more easily done through an intermediary called a value-added network or “VAN”. EDI messages, known as “transaction sets”, are arranged in formats determined by members of the EDI community typically businesses.,11.09.2020,.,25,The h

29、ardware requirements of EDI,EDI works from nearly any computer (PC and mainframe), regardless of what your trading partner uses, because EDI is hardware independent. If you plan to transmit all your transactions overnight to take advantage of lower rates, modem speed is less of an issue.,11.09.2020,

30、.,26,The software requirements of EDI,Translation software is one of the two major types of software involved in EDI. At the transmitting end, the translator takes raw data and arranges it into the X12 standard format. Mapping software is the other major branch of EDI software. It exchanges informat

31、ion between a companys EDI transactions and its other applications, such as accounting, inventory, and ordering.,11.09.2020,.,27,The Benefits of EDI,1. Shortened Ordering Time EDI orders are sent straight into the network and the only delay is how often the supplier retrieves messages from the syste

32、m. 2. Cost Cutting The use of EDI can cut costs. These include the costs of stationery and postage but these will probably be fully matched by the costs of running the EDI service. 3. Elimination of Errors Keying any information into a computer system is a source of errors and keying paper orders in

33、to the order processing system is no exception. EDI eliminates this source of errors.,11.09.2020,.,28,The Benefits of EDI,4. Fast Response With EDI the customer can be informed straightaway giving time for an alternative product to be ordered or an alternative supplier to be used. 5. Accurate Invoic

34、ing Just like orders, invoices can be sent electronically. 6. EDI Payment Payment can also be made by EDI. The EDI payment system can also generate an EDI payment advice that can be electronically matched against the relevant invoices, again avoiding query and delay.,11.09.2020,.,29,Key Words,accoun

35、ting 會(huì)計(jì)，帳，記帳，清算帳目 competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽 envelope 信封，包封 extract 抽出，提取 impede 妨礙，阻礙，阻止 insurance 安全保障，保險(xiǎn) interchange 交換，互換 intervention 介入，調(diào)節(jié)，干涉 inventory 報(bào)表，目錄，盤存 outstrip 超過(guò)，越過(guò)，優(yōu)于,11.09.2020,.,30,Key Words,postage 郵費(fèi)，郵資 potential 可能的，潛在的 recipient 接受者，接受的，容納的 relevant 有關(guān)的，適當(dāng)?shù)?reverse 使顛倒，相反，交換 settlemen

36、t 解決，整理，結(jié)算，清理 stationery 信紙 straightaway 直接 unambiguous 不含糊的，明確的 upfront 最前面的，首要的,11.09.2020,.,31,Notes,1 For settlement the supplier can use EDI to send the invoice and the customer can finish the cycle with an electronic funds transfer via the bank and an EDI payment notification to the supplier.

37、“for settlement”是狀語(yǔ)，之后是由“and”連接的兩個(gè)并列句。 譯文：至于結(jié)算，供應(yīng)商可以使用EDI來(lái)傳發(fā)票，客戶可以在銀行通過(guò)對(duì)供應(yīng)商的付款通知和使用電子轉(zhuǎn)帳完成最后的環(huán)節(jié)。,11.09.2020,.,32,Notes,2 More formally EDI is described as the interchange of structured data according to agreed message standards between computer-computer systems, by electronic means. “more formally”是狀

38、語(yǔ)，“interchange”后面的部分是定語(yǔ)，“by electronic means”作狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：更正式的對(duì)EDI的描述是：依照計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)間的協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、用電子手段進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的交換。,11.09.2020,.,33,Notes,3 Because you will most likely transmit your EDI transactions by modem over telephone lines, it is in your best interests to purchase the fastest modem you can, measured by the “baud

39、 rate” the number of characters per second the modem can transmit. “because”引起原因狀語(yǔ)從句，“it”是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)“to purchase”，“measured by ”是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 譯文：你極可能會(huì)通過(guò)電話線用調(diào)制解調(diào)器進(jìn)行EDI業(yè)務(wù)傳送，購(gòu)買盡可能高速的調(diào)制解調(diào)器，以符合你的最大利益，它是用速率來(lái)衡量的，即每秒調(diào)制解調(diào)器傳送的字符數(shù)。,11.09.2020,.,34,Notes,4 You should consider this, even if your modems speed out

40、strips that of your VAN, or even that of the Phone Company in some areas. 本句中由“even if”是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：你應(yīng)該考慮到這點(diǎn)，即使它的速率超過(guò)VAN或某地區(qū)電話公司的速率。,11.09.2020,.,35,Notes,5 The EDI payment system can also generate an EDI payment advice that can be electronically matched against the relevant invoices, again avoiding

41、query and delay. 本句由“that”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾賓語(yǔ)“an EDI payment advice”。 譯文：EDI支付系統(tǒng)也生成EDI付款意見，可以以電子的方式與有關(guān)發(fā)票相匹配，亦可避免疑問(wèn)和延遲。,11.09.2020,.,36,Translation Exercises,電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 Electronic Data Interchange 訂單處理系統(tǒng) order processing system 增值網(wǎng) value-added network 交易伙伴 trading partner 硬件無(wú)關(guān)的 hardware independent 結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù) structu

42、red data 映射軟件 mapping software 波特率 baud rate,11.09.2020,.,37,Translation Exercises,health care industry 健康保險(xiǎn)業(yè) Phone Company 電話公司 stock holding 庫(kù)存 human resources 人力資源 trade cycle 交易周期 paper order 紙質(zhì)訂單 translation software 翻譯軟件 postal service 郵政服務(wù),11.09.2020,.,38,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,Some

43、 of the methods would link existing electronic banking and payment systems, including credit and debit card networks, with new retail interfaces via the Internet. A number of organizations are already working on important aspects of electronic banking and payments. A digital wallet is software that

44、enables users to pay for goods on the Web.,11.09.2020,.,39,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,When using a digital wallet, consumers dont need to fill out order forms on each site when they purchase an item because the information has already been stored and is automatically updated and entered into t

45、he order fields across merchant sites. Digital wallets are available to consumers free of charge, and they are fairly easy to obtain.,11.09.2020,.,40,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,Digital wallets come in two main types: client-side and server-side. Client-based digital wallets, the older of the t

46、wo types, are falling by the wayside, according to analysts, because they require users to download and install software. With a server-based wallet, a user fills out his personal information, and a cookie is automatically downloaded.,11.09.2020,.,41,5.3 Advertising Methods on the Web,The Internet h

47、as enabled consumers to interact directly with advertisers and advertisements. The Internet has provided the sponsors with two-way communication and e-mail capabilities. The Internet enables a truly one-to-one advertisement.,11.09.2020,.,42,Why Internet advertisement is growing?,Ads can be updated a

48、ny time with a minimal cost. Therefore, they are always timely. Ads can reach very large numbers of potential buyers globally. Online ads are sometimes cheaper in comparison to television, newspaper, or radio. Web ads can efficiently use the convergence of text, audio, graphics, and animation. The u

49、se of the Internet itself is growing very rapidly. Web ads can be interactive and targeted to specific Internet groups and individuals.,11.09.2020,.,43,Banners,Banner advertising is the most commonly used form of advertising on the Internet. With the progress of Internet programming we are starting

50、to find banners with video clips and sound. A major advantage of using banners is the ability to customize them to the target audience. There are several different forms of placing banner advertising on the Internet on others Web sites. The most common forms are: Banner Swapping，Banner Exchanges, an

51、d Paid Advertising.,11.09.2020,.,44,Splash Screen,A splash screen is an initial Web site page used to capture the users attention for a short time as a promotion or lead-in to the site home page or to tell the user what kind of browser and other software they need to view the site. The major advanta

52、ge of a splash page over any other advertising method is that one can create innovative multimedia effects or provide sufficient information for a delivery in one visit.,11.09.2020,.,45,Spot Leasing,Search engines often provide space (spot) in their home page for any individual business to lease. Th

53、e duration of the lease depends upon the contract agreement between the Web site host and the lessee.,11.09.2020,.,46,URL (Universal Resource Locators),The major advantage of using URL as an advertising tool is that it is free. Anyone can submit its URL to a search engine and be listed. Also, by usi

54、ng URL the targeted audience can be locked and unwanted viewers can be filtered because of the keyword function.,11.09.2020,.,47,E-mail,Another way to advertise on the Internet is to purchase e-mail addresses and send the company information to those on the list. The advantages of this approach are

55、its low cost and the ability to reach a wide variety of targeted audiences.,11.09.2020,.,48,Chat Rooms,Electronic chat refers to an arrangement where participants exchange messages in real time. Chat capabilities can be added to a business site for free by letting software chat vendors host your ses

56、sion on their site.,11.09.2020,.,49,Key Words,advertisement 廣告 audience 聽眾，觀眾，讀者 banner 旗幟，橫幅標(biāo)語(yǔ) campaign 戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) convergence 聚合，匯合 customize 定制，定做 delivery 運(yùn)送，傳送，交付 drawback 妨礙，障礙，弊端 effectively 有效的，生效的 impatient 急躁的，急切的，渴望,11.09.2020,.,50,Key Words,impressive 印象深刻的，令人難忘的 innovative 革新的，創(chuàng)新的 lease 出租，租

57、借 lessee 承租人，租戶 migration 遷移，移動(dòng) predetermine 預(yù)定，先定，注定 redefine 再定義，重新定義 sponsor 主辦人，發(fā)起者，保證人 surf 沖浪，瀏覽，漫游,11.09.2020,.,51,Notes,1 The Internet has provided the sponsors with two-way communication and e-mail capabilities, as well as allowing the sponsors to target specific groups on which they want t

58、o spend their advertising dollars, which is more accurate than traditional telemarketing. 本句的“as well as”作“two-way communication and e-mail capabilities”的同位語(yǔ)，“which”引導(dǎo)非限定性定于從句。 譯文：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為廣告商提供了雙向通信和電子郵件的能力，同時(shí)使得廣告商把廣告費(fèi)花到他們想針對(duì)的特定群體身上，這比傳統(tǒng)電話營(yíng)銷更準(zhǔn)確。,11.09.2020,.,52,Notes,2 These characteristics began to convince large consumer products companies to shift an increasing amount of advertising dollars away from traditional media to Web advertisement. 本句“to shift”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 譯文：這些特征開始說(shuō)服大型消費(fèi)品公司把越來(lái)越多的花費(fèi)在傳統(tǒng)媒