高考英語二輪 專題復(fù)習(xí) 20閱讀表達(dá)教學(xué)案（教師版）

1、高考英語二輪 專題復(fù)習(xí) 20閱讀表達(dá)教學(xué)案（教師版）【2013高考考綱解讀】從近幾年的山東、天津和湖南等高考閱讀表達(dá)題來看，該題型的測試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對考生的 綜合語言運用能力的考查。其命題特點是：1.閱讀表達(dá)的題材和體裁與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文沒有太大的區(qū)別，文章長度大致相同或比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文略短，總閱讀量不會太大（約200300詞）。2.生詞量較大，有許多超“標(biāo)”詞匯，要求考生憑借上下文語境及生活常識予以推測感知。3.語篇意識和思維靈活性有所強化，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次性更強。閱讀表達(dá)題型具有多樣

2、性，概括起來一般采用以下7種形式：問題類型常見問題主旨概括Whats the best title of the passage?What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage?Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻譯句子Translate the underlined sentence in the

3、paragraph into Chinese.同意句替換Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.封閉性問題Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.開放性問題What would you do if you ? What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the problem if you?其他類型每年的高考題將會從以上的

4、七種類型中選出五類,問題的順序也會結(jié)合問題的信息點在文章中出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行排列.其他類型的題目屬于不確定題型,是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點設(shè)計的,與以上六種題型不同的問題類型.為了控制考生在該試題上所花費的時間,在每一個需要考生回答的問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求(翻譯句子題除外).【重點知識整合】閱讀表達(dá)題是自2007年開始山東省高考試題中增加的一種新的測試題型，要求考生閱讀所給短文，然后按照題目要求回答文后的五個問題，每個問題3分，總分15分。該題型的測試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對考生的綜合語言

5、運用能力的考查。 閱讀表達(dá)題的解題方法與技巧 1、主旨概括：主要考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的整體把握能力。要想答好該題考生必須有很強的概括能力或歸納能力，要善于尋找能夠概括全文的主題段落或者主題句，剔除文中的細(xì)節(jié)事實或者作者所用的論據(jù)，即要分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)。概括出來的中心意思一定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個段落，絕對不可太籠統(tǒng)離題太遠(yuǎn)或者以偏概全，文中標(biāo)題格式可以是完整的句子、簡潔的短語。也可以用問題的形式，同時要注意字?jǐn)?shù)要求。具體的表達(dá)可以先根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容找出關(guān)鍵詞，再在此基礎(chǔ)上確定文章標(biāo)題或者文章的main idea。 2、同義句替換：只有準(zhǔn)確理解所給句子的意義才能準(zhǔn)確快速地找出原文中意義相同的句子。 3、填

6、空：回答此類問題時一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、對比、因果等等然后根據(jù)上下文的含義搞清楚空白處該填句子還是短語或者單詞，再讀上下文，最后確定答案。 4、翻譯句子：在該類題目中要求翻譯的句子往往是結(jié)果較為復(fù)雜或者包括一些特定習(xí)語的句子。因此再翻譯之前一定要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的語境，同時還要注意英、漢兩種語言及其問題特征的差異，最后在忠實于原文的基礎(chǔ)上把畫線部分的句子翻譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。 5、封閉性問題：封閉性問題是指答案是固定或唯一的問題，一般可在文章中找到明確的答案或依據(jù)，包括常見的wh-questions。 6、開放性問

7、題：開放性問題是閱讀表達(dá)中主觀性最強的試題，要求考生結(jié)合個人的觀點、經(jīng)驗來回答相關(guān)問題。 7、其他類型：該題是結(jié)合文章的不同題材和體裁給出的除以上6種類型以外的類型的題。比如設(shè)計圖表題推理判斷題等。下面通過山東卷的閱讀表達(dá)實例對各種類型問題的答題技巧一一說明。An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If an

8、y information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasnt important enough to have his private number, the communication couldnt be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work. Almost

9、every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. _. Firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital le

10、tters, or from any address you dont recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, e-mails dont all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, theres a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent

11、 by a colleague without acknowledging it. Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesnt have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long, chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete s

12、entence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a better reply. 76Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The possible existence of annoyance results

13、from our inability to sort out e-mails _ 77Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words ) _ 78What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words) _ 79For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words) _ 80Translate the

14、 underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. _ 答案與解析76. 答案If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. 解析該題為同意句替換題，細(xì)讀所給句子不難得出其意義“這些令人惱火的情況之所以存在，是因為我們沒有對電子郵件進(jìn)行分類的能力”。然后對照原文就很容易找到其同意句了。 77. 答案E-mail(s) can be handled in the fol

15、lowing ways. / Here are the ways to deal with e-mail(s). / handling e-mail(s) is an art. 解析該題為填空題。做該類題目首先要根據(jù)上下文搞清楚所填內(nèi)容是句子還是短語或單詞。從該題要求來看我們可以知道此處要填入合適的句子。聯(lián)系上下文可知，下文所列三條都是處理電子郵件的方法，那就不難知道此處所填句子內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一個概括性較強的topic sentence。這樣我們就不難知道該填什么內(nèi)容了。 78. 答案You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You dont have to

16、 write a long reply e-mail. 解析該題為封閉性問題。要求答出最后一段所給的建議。做這種類型的題目時，首先要讀懂該段要告訴讀者的是什么信息，然后根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行總結(jié)。因為有字?jǐn)?shù)限制，所以答題時要特別注意如何用詞和如何組織語言。從最后一段的第一句我們就可以知道這條建議是告訴讀者“在回復(fù)e-mail時，不必和對方來信的長度一樣”。其實這句話就是該問題的答案。但是由于有字?jǐn)?shù)限定我們就必須改變一下說法，使答案的字?jǐn)?shù)控制在10個單詞以內(nèi)。這樣就可以避免學(xué)生照抄原文，從而達(dá)到考察學(xué)生靈活運用語言能力的目的。 79. 答案To show a way of handling e-mail(

17、s) with an example. / To introduce the topic of the text. 解析該題屬于其他類型的題目。要求考生寫出作者在第一段中提到他美國朋友的寫作意圖?？v觀全文不難知道該短文的主旨是向讀者介紹處理電子郵件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美國朋友處理郵件的方法做為例子，目的正是為了揭示文章主題。 80. 答案用簡短的話回復(fù)冗長的郵件完全不失禮節(jié)。用簡短的話回復(fù)馬拉松式的電子郵件也是禮貌的。 解析該題為句子翻譯題。做該題時應(yīng)先分析句子成分，搞清每個意群的含義，然后結(jié)合上下文以及文章的中心思想。調(diào)整成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的通順的漢語句子。翻譯該句：關(guān)鍵是搞清處兩個

18、短語的含義，一個是within the bound of (在范圍內(nèi)), 另一個是in responding to。【高頻考點突破】高考題型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(within 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.(Please answer within 6words.)解題策略:整體理解,仔細(xì)推敲,注意上下文的邏輯性,關(guān)注文中表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、并列、因果等關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),用適當(dāng)單詞、短語或句子的正確形式

19、填空;把握作者的思路,簡練表達(dá),切忌偏離主題、斷章取義;放回原文中檢查,確保上下文連貫,語法正確?？键c三、翻譯句子該題型要求將短文中指定的句子翻譯成通順的漢語。高考題型:You are perfectly within the bounds of po-liteness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解題策略:分析把握句子結(jié)構(gòu);遵循忠實通順的原則,表達(dá)完整;注意英漢語序的差異,譯文要求符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣;翻譯關(guān)鍵詞;語言簡練。考點四、英文釋義該題型要求根據(jù)所給的英文釋義句子,在短文中尋找相同的句子。此類試題較簡單,相當(dāng)于

20、傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解中的轉(zhuǎn)換理解,答案較固定。一般出題方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the following one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results from our inability sort out e-mails.解題策略:通過上下文,整體理解所給句子;分析所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、含義、實際用意;在文中找相同含義的句子;不能增加或

21、減少,所找句子必須準(zhǔn)確、完整。考點五、封閉型問題該題型要求學(xué)生結(jié)合文中某個問題進(jìn)行解答。一般出題方式有:Regular Wh-Questions based on thpassage.例如:What advice is given in the last paragrap(within 10 words)(2007年高考);List three activities thmight develop into addictions based on the text.(Please aswer within 8 words.)(2008年高考)解題策略:面對該類問題,學(xué)生可以結(jié)合文中的具體依據(jù)進(jìn)

22、行回答,答案是固定的、唯一的?？键c六、開放型問題該題型要求學(xué)生結(jié)合個人的觀點、態(tài)度進(jìn)行表述。一般出題方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think.?Which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解題策略:面對該類題型,學(xué)生可以依據(jù)自己的看法結(jié)合原文理解作出回答,注意揚長避短,避難就易。考點七、其他題型除了上述較為常見的題型外,高考命題人員還有可能根據(jù)閱讀理解文章的題材和體裁設(shè)置其他題目。每年的高考題將會從以上的七種類型中選出五類，問題的順序也會結(jié)合問題的信息點在文章種出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行排列。其他類型的

23、題目屬于不確定題型，是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點設(shè)計的與以上六種題型不同的問題類型。還有就是為了控制考生在該試題上所化肥的時間，在每一個需要考生回答的 問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）【難點探究】山東省高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了閱讀表達(dá)這一題型。閱讀表達(dá)題是一種綜合性的題型，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，又考查書面表達(dá)能力，同時，這類題目不但選材緊跟時代步伐，而且體裁多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明，是一種不錯的試題。然而，同學(xué)們對這一題型卻感到束手無策，不知從何下筆。針對這一情況，我們應(yīng)在平時的訓(xùn)練中不斷總結(jié)做題方法，探索答題規(guī)律，掌握這類題目的解題技巧。下面讓我們一起

24、剖析一下它的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。 1.概括文章大意、標(biāo)題，或指出作者寫作的主要意圖 What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage? Whats the best title of the passage? Whats the main idea of the passage/article? 2.補全文章中空缺的句子 Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence/proper words or phrases. 3.根據(jù)語境翻譯句子 Translate the

25、 underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese. 4.同義語句替換 Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one. 5.封閉性問題和開放性問題 （1）回答問題 Which of the_do you think is the best/most important for you/

26、sb else? Why? Do you think it is good/bad/better if _? Why? (Please answer within _ words.) （2）陳述個人觀點 What would you do if you? How would you settle the problem if you? Have you ever done? 下面結(jié)合自己的做法提出對英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。 一、帶著問題去閱讀。先看試題，再讀文章才能掌握問題的類型。了解題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，才能有針對性地閱讀，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。這樣既提高了做題的準(zhǔn)

27、確率，也節(jié)省了寶貴的時間。 二、對于概括文章大意、標(biāo)題,或指出作者寫作的主要意圖這一類型的題目，要快速瀏覽全文，抓住文章大意和主題句，明確作者的態(tài)度和意圖。對于大多數(shù)文章而言，在第一段往往就交待了該文章的中心內(nèi)容，首段中的首句或尾句通常會點明該段的中心，因此一般而言，通過歸納第一段的首尾句便可寫出該文章的標(biāo)題。在答題時，切記要有關(guān)鍵詞，簡明扼要，且不要出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。 三、句子替換題型。只要準(zhǔn)確理解所給句子的意義，抓住所給句子中的關(guān)鍵詞，就能準(zhǔn)確快速地找出原文中意義相同的句子。 在答題時，要求考生在文章中準(zhǔn)確找到原句并將其完整地抄寫在答題紙所給定的位置上，切不可只是寫上第“X”個句子了事，這樣是

28、不能得分的。 四、完成句子題型。這種題型要求考生抓住事實和細(xì)節(jié)，弄明白空缺的句子及其上下文的內(nèi)容，而且要弄清其間的關(guān)系，根據(jù)這些關(guān)系猜測出空缺處的內(nèi)容，然后再讀上下文，最后確定答案。 五、開放性問題。這類題型是閱讀表達(dá)中的主觀性試題，要求考生根據(jù)文章涉及的問題，結(jié)合個人的觀點、經(jīng)驗來回答。此類問題的解答比較容易，考生可根據(jù)自己的觀點選擇較容易回答的來回答。這種題目往往設(shè)計有兩個題目，回答此題時必須回答完整，即怎么問就怎么答。注意別出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。 六、翻譯題目。這一題目是對學(xué)生綜合語言知識理解和運用的考察，要求翻譯的句子往往是結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜或者包括一些特定短語的句子?？忌粌H要理解英語語句，而且需

29、要將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語，因此又是對漢語表達(dá)水平的一種檢測。因此，在翻譯之前一定要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并結(jié)合句子所在的語境，在忠實原文的基礎(chǔ)上，把畫線部分的句子翻譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子，避免出現(xiàn)“英語式的漢語”或句子的漏譯、錯譯等錯誤。 總之，提高英語閱讀表達(dá)水平不是一朝一夕的事情，教師持之以恒地結(jié)合教材內(nèi)容對學(xué)生進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練是提高其閱讀表達(dá)水平的重要途徑。在訓(xùn)練過程中，教師加強對學(xué)生的指導(dǎo)是提高學(xué)生閱讀表達(dá)水平的重要保證。【歷屆高考】2012高考英語試題【2012山東卷】閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答案卡相應(yīng)的位置上（請注意76至79四個小題后面的詞

30、數(shù)要求）。1 Ashley Powers mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldnt find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, Id make it a really interesting site for teenagers

31、.”2So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees. 3 After a few years,

32、the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss

33、of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen I didnt even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, youd be stressed, too！“4 In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted

34、to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And dont listen when _, because I heard no a lot. Just keep going until you hear yes!”76. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?(no more than 10 words) _77. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more

35、than 6 words）_78. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(no more than 10 words)_79. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)_80. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. _【考點定位】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。79.【答案】Happy, crazy and stressed.【解析】根

36、據(jù)第三段Power的自述中可知?！究键c定位】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。80.【答案】others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you【解析】根據(jù)后句中的because I heard “no” a lot可以推斷，此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“不要聽別人說”?！究键c定位】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。2012天津卷 閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State Hig

37、h School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was wellconditioned for spendi

38、ng long periods of time in the water. As a longdistance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the worlds best longdistance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a tenmile marathon i

39、n Lake Ontario, setting the womens record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and

40、Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of

41、 purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new thingstravelling the world as a reporter, writing books and

42、giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.56What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games？(No more than 5 words)_57What does the underlined word“obstacles” mean？(1 word)_58What achievement did Nyad mak

43、e in 1970？(No more than 10 words)_59Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore？(No more than 10 words)_60Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad.(No more than 20 words)_答案 56A serious illness (did)57Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.58She swam a tenmile marathon and set

44、the womens record./She swam a tenmile marathon, setting the womens record./She set the womens record for a tenmile marathon swimming.59Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task)/Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.60I am encouraged by her determination and strong will

45、./I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed./From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it./We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure./We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.2012湖南卷 Section

46、A (10 marks) Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet societys demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many rea

47、sons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation(航行), and to prevent flooding.River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, strai

48、ghtening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube

49、that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the rivers length by nearly 400 kilometers.One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them.

50、The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmfu

51、l. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水庫) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landsc

52、ape and among plants and animals.71. River Control 72. Reasons 73. supply 74. agriculture 75. flooding 76. deepening 77. stabilizing 78. shortening 79. dam construction 80. the environment【要點綜述】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了人們控制河流的原因及方式。71. River Control文章標(biāo)題題?？疾槲恼聵?biāo)題的總結(jié)。文章的第一段就提到controlled rivers，第二段更直接提到River control

53、，接下來的各段多次提到這些詞語。72. Reasons段落大意題?？疾閷σ粋€段落的概括總結(jié)。根據(jù)第一段的rivers are controlled for many reasons可知答案。73. supply詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題?？疾槊~轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞。根據(jù)第一段的to maintain reliable water supplies再根據(jù)空前的不定式符號，可知要將名詞supplies轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。74. agriculture詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題?？疾樾稳菰~轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞。根據(jù)第一段的agricultural和空格前后的名詞形式可知答案。75. flooding信息查詢題。直接在原文中查找信息。根據(jù)第一段的to prevent flooding可直接找到答案。76. deepening信息查詢題。直接在原文中查找信息。根據(jù)第二段的including widening, 閱讀簡答O42012湖南卷 Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answe