高考英語主謂一致

1、主謂一致英語中的一致主要包括主語和謂語在人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)上的一致、時態(tài)一致、名詞和其代詞一致。謂語動詞的形式必須隨著主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化。高考英語中主要以完形填空和語法填空的形式，同時可能會結(jié)合其他語法點比如非謂語動詞和復(fù)合句等來考查。一、 主謂一致的三原則主謂一致一般要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則。（一） 語法一致原則主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Jolin has made great success with so many years going on.Jolin是單數(shù)形式

2、，謂語動詞have也應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人，表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞be也應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。（二） 意義一致原則意義一致原則是指從意義著眼來處理主謂一致問題。有時候主語在形式上是單數(shù)形式，但是其意義是負數(shù)，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義而定，采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The singer and artist is holding a concert called “l(fā)and blue”.歌星和大藝術(shù)家是同一個人，是單數(shù)。The old are very well taken care of in our city.th

3、e old 指所有老年人，指一類人，是復(fù)數(shù)。（三） 就近原則就近原則是指謂語動詞的變化以靠近謂語動詞的主語部分而定。Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole.You是最靠近謂語動詞的主語部分，因此be動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的are。二、 主謂一致的詳細講解（一） 代詞作主語1不定代詞either, neither, each, one, the other，another以及復(fù)合不定代詞someone, somebody等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Someone has parked the car on the street.One is fr

4、om the USA and the other two are from the UK.2.不定代詞none作主語時如果指人或者可數(shù)的物，指數(shù)目，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可；如果指不可數(shù)名詞，指量，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。None of the students have/has made the mistakes this time.Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.3.all(單獨作主語)指人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，指物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。All are present at the meeting.All is going on very well

5、.4.由each修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語后或者句尾作同位語時，不影響謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.They each have won the first prize.=They have won the first prize each.5.neither of 和 either of 加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。Either of the story is/are interesting。Neither of u

6、s has/have received the postcard.6.such作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其意義而定。Such is Stephen Hawing , who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.Such are the difficulties that we are faced with.7.疑問代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其實際意義來判斷單復(fù)數(shù)。Who is the girl over there?Who are the girls over there?Which is your book, this

7、one or that one?Which are your books, these or those?8.關(guān)系代詞作主語，其人稱和數(shù)的變化隨先行詞而定。參加定語從句講義。Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.注意三種結(jié)構(gòu)： one of， the only of，not the only of加名詞或者代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)。參見定語從句講義。（二）名詞作主語1.集體名詞作主語（1）people, catt

8、le, police只有復(fù)數(shù)概念的集體名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）audience, army, class, company, enemy, family, group, public, government, population等集體名詞作主語，若作為一個主體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若著眼于成員或者個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His family was the largest among the whole village.My family are going on a trip this summer.（3）equipment, furniture, baggage, machinery, c

9、lothing, jewellery等表示某一類物品總稱的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（因為這些詞是不可數(shù)名詞。）2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞作主語，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其意義而定。means, fish, sheep, deer, crossroads, series, species, works（工廠）Each means has been tried to solve the problem.There are various of means to solve the problem.（1）work 與 workswork表示“工作”，不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞永遠用單數(shù)。work表示“作品”，

10、可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)形式是works，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。works表示“工廠”，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。謂語動詞視其句子中的意義而定。（2）a series of + n 和 a species of +n 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3.以s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的表示衣物或者工具的名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses, shoes, boots, pants, chopsticks, scissors, socks, stockings, trousers等但是前面有“a pair of”或者“pairs of”修飾時，謂語動詞與pair保持一致。4.以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如

11、：politics, physics, mathematics5.以s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈、群島和表示時間、距離、長度、價值、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，常被看做整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Twenty years has passed.A hundred miles is a long way.（三）含有修飾語的名詞的主謂一致1. a number of 和 the number ofa number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“很多”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.some, plenty of , a lot of, lots of等

12、既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)所修飾的詞而定。Some people work to live while some people live to work.A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.3.主語含有quantity,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)看quantitya quantity of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)quantities of +可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)4.most of, the rest, the rest of, part, part of作主

13、語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所修飾的名詞或者代詞而定。Part of his story was not true.Part of the teachers are from England.5.百分數(shù)，分數(shù)+of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)of后的名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)。50% of the land is now suitable to grow crops.20% of the people object to the new law.注意一個例外：當(dāng)用“one in”或者“one out of”表示幾分之一時，謂語動詞不看of后的名詞，只用單數(shù)。It is reported that one in ten

14、 people suffers from lung cancer.One out of twenty was badly damaged.6.“the majority of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 “the majority”單獨作主語，謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority of boys like football.The majority were/was in favor of the proposal.7.“a kind of , this kind of , many kinds of +名詞”作主語，謂語動詞與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。（ki

15、nd可以替換成sort，type，form）8.“more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 “more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ than one”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。More than one person was injured in the accident.More members than one are against the proposal.9.“many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Many a student has failed in the exam.10.“one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a/an + 單數(shù)名詞

16、+ or two”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。One or two days are enough for the work.A day or two is enough for the work.（四）并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的主謂一致1.and 問題（1）bothand 作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）and連接人名或者人稱代詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（3）兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，用and連接，表示同一人、同一事或者同意概念，謂語用單數(shù)。The singer and the dancer are to attend the party. 歌星和舞蹈家都會參加派對。The singer and dancer is

17、 to attend the party. 那個歌星兼舞蹈家會參加派對。常見表示同一概念的短語：bread and butter 面包黃油a horse and cart 一套馬車a knife and fork 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一套茶盤（4）every + 單數(shù)名詞 + and + every +單數(shù)名詞each + 單數(shù)名詞 + and + each +單數(shù)名詞no + 單數(shù)名詞 + and +no +單數(shù)名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)many a +單數(shù)名詞 + and + many a +單數(shù)名詞2.eitheror ，neithernor，not onlybut als

18、o，notbut，or 作主語，謂語動詞采取就近原則。Neither you nor your mother is right.You, he, or I am right.Not only he but also I am right.Is either he or you right?3.主語后面有with, together with, along with, as well as , like , such as , rather than , besides , including , in addition to , except 等詞修飾，謂語動詞不受這些詞影響。I as wel

19、l as you am to blame for breaking the window.（五）動名詞短語，不定式短語，名詞性從句充當(dāng)句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Translating the books is not so easy.To see is to believe.he said is right.注意：1.and連接的不定式、動名詞或者從句作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)句子的單復(fù)數(shù)概念決定用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。When to hold the meeting and where to hold are two things.Going to bed early and getting up

20、early is good habit.2.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但若從句后的表語是負數(shù)形式或者從句本身表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What they need are books.比較：What they need is more money.（六）其他情況1.四則運算:相加、相乘，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。 相減、相除，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Fifteen and fifteen is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty.Five times six is/are/makes/make

21、/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty.Fifteen minus five is makes/equals/is equal to ten.Fifteen divided by five makes/equals/is equal to three.2.There / Here 句型采取就近原則。Here goes a bus.There is a bus.3.倒裝句在倒裝句中謂語動詞應(yīng)與后面的主語保持一致。On the wall is a photo of my family.Gone are the days when we worke

22、d together, laughed together.4.名詞化的形容詞the + 形容詞表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)the + 形容詞表示一類物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)The poor are the part of people we help.The beautiful gives happiness to all.注意：the + 國籍類形容詞，謂語動詞永遠用復(fù)數(shù)The Chinese are like to be together during the Spring Festival.The Chinese are a hard-working people.1.Three _ died

23、in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend,

24、will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; was C. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A

25、. were; itB. are; them C. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. ar

26、eB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV at

27、tentively.A. are watchingB. is watching C. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and

28、 order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preserved C. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18.

29、Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kit

30、es history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of ti

31、me.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knows C. is knownD. are known27. The defence

32、 works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has been C. had beenD. was1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當(dāng)either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3. 解析：選A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用