農(nóng)用車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋常見故障分析與解決辦法外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯

1、外文翻譯：農(nóng)用車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋常見故障分析與解決辦法摘要:衣用車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在長(zhǎng)期使用過(guò)程中，因不同程度的損傷，易發(fā)生驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)熱、異響、漏油等故障。分析了故障產(chǎn)生的原因，介紹了解決辦法。關(guān)鍵詞：衣用車;驅(qū)動(dòng)橋;故障分析;解決辦法驅(qū)動(dòng)橋功能是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳出的相關(guān)扭矩傳給驅(qū)動(dòng)輪,實(shí)現(xiàn)降速、增扭作用。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的主要部件有減速器、差速器、半軸、齒輪等，在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中不僅承受很大的徑向力和 軸向力，還承受很大的扭矩，而且經(jīng)常受到劇烈的沖擊力的作用，造成零部件不同程度磨損及売體變形，相對(duì)位置發(fā)生變化,破壞配合件原有的配合關(guān)系，造成驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)熱、異響、漏油等故障，影響車輛的正常使用。1驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)熱車輛行駛一段時(shí)間后，用手觸摸后橋売

2、非常燙手，或者用紅外線測(cè)溫儀測(cè)后橋売的表面溫度，若發(fā)現(xiàn)超過(guò)85T：視為過(guò)熱。(1) 發(fā)熱原因：軸承裝配過(guò)緊,齒輪間隙太小，油封太緊，會(huì)導(dǎo)致驅(qū)動(dòng)橋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)摩擦加劇，溫度升高，從而引發(fā)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)熱。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋內(nèi)缺少齒輪油、齒輪油變質(zhì)或者使 用的齒輪油不符合要求。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋內(nèi)缺少齒輪油將會(huì)使驅(qū)動(dòng)橋內(nèi)的各配合件在相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，產(chǎn)生半干摩擦或干摩擦,摩擦系數(shù)增大，摩擦力也相應(yīng)增大，溫度升高，導(dǎo)致發(fā)熱。(2) 解決方法：如果是油封處局部過(guò)熱，應(yīng)對(duì)油封 技術(shù)狀況進(jìn)一步檢查,并視情況更換。如果是軸承處局部過(guò)熱，應(yīng)重新調(diào)整軸承。其他局部過(guò)熱情況可結(jié)合發(fā)熱部位逐項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢查并予以排除。如果是整體過(guò)熱,首先應(yīng)檢查后橋売齒輪油平面，

3、如太低，應(yīng)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加注齒輪油。如正常，則用手捻拭齒輪油,檢查其黏度是否過(guò)高、潤(rùn)滑性能是否太差或其規(guī)格是否符合要求，并視情況更換齒輪油。車輛超載行駛,也是導(dǎo)致主減速器過(guò)熱的一個(gè)重要原因，應(yīng)注意不要超載超速行駛。2驅(qū)動(dòng)橋漏油潤(rùn)滑油從后橋各接合部位向外滲漏，或后橋売產(chǎn)生裂紋（如焊口開裂等）漏油。(1) 漏油原因：潤(rùn)滑油加注過(guò)多，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中売體內(nèi)壓力增高，潤(rùn)滑油滲出。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋売蓋各部螺孔、螺紋多次拆裝，絲牙間隙增大，潤(rùn)滑油從螺紋處滲漏。油封與軸頸不同軸、油封裝反、油封損壞，或與油封配合的軸頸磨損,或表面有溝槽。油封座老化變質(zhì)、磨損松曠或裝配不當(dāng)。后橋売產(chǎn)生裂紋。(2) 解決方法:拆下檢視孔螺塞，如有油流出，則

4、為油位過(guò)高。再檢查通氣塞是否堵塞。因通氣塞氣孔堵塞 后會(huì)使后橋內(nèi)壓力升高，從而使?jié)櫥蛷挠头饣驂|片處向外滲漏。各接合部位的緊固螺栓松動(dòng)，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致襯墊處 漏油。從半軸套管或主減速器軸承蓋處漏油，應(yīng)檢查油封是否損壞、軸頸是否磨損等。后橋売外表面漏油，應(yīng)檢查橋売是否有砂眼、裂紋。3驅(qū)動(dòng)橋異響車輛行駛時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出較大響聲，并且隨著車速的提高而增大。(1) 產(chǎn)生的原因：主減速器的主、從動(dòng)圓錐齒輪或主、從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪嗤合間隙過(guò)大。主減速器的主、從動(dòng) 圓錐齒輪或主、從動(dòng)圓柱齒輪嚙合間隙過(guò)小。各部位軸承安裝不當(dāng)，磨損嚴(yán)重或剝落損壞。行星齒輪、半軸齒輪、墊圈、半軸齒輪鍵槽與半軸花鍵磨損嚴(yán)重。差速器軸承蓋螺栓松動(dòng)或

5、從動(dòng)圓錐齒輪鉚釘松動(dòng)。齒輪打齒。(2) 解決方法：車輛車速發(fā)生變化時(shí)或車速不穩(wěn)時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出“咯瞪、咯瞪”比較清脆的沖擊聲，車速穩(wěn)定時(shí)，聲響不明顯,這主要是齒輪嚙合間隙過(guò)大引起的，應(yīng)檢查和調(diào)整齒輪嚙合間隙。車輛行駛中，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出“嗽嗽”的聲音，且車速越高，聲音越大，用手摸主減速器 売體溫度過(guò)高，一般是由于齒輪嚙合間隙過(guò)小或潤(rùn)滑油不足造成。應(yīng)及時(shí)檢查油面高度，檢查與調(diào)整齒輪嚙合間隙。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出有節(jié)奏的“硬、硬”聲響，很可能是由于從動(dòng)錐齒輪鉚釘松動(dòng)。從動(dòng)錐齒輪在工作時(shí)發(fā)生偏擺，是嚙合間隙不均勻所致,應(yīng)及時(shí)停車檢查修復(fù)。如果車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)發(fā)響，而低速直線行駛時(shí)響聲減弱，一般是差速器行星齒輪與半軸齒輪的嚙

6、合間隙過(guò)大或半軸齒輪及鍵槽磨損松曠所致,此時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)行星齒輪和半軸齒輪的技術(shù)狀況進(jìn)行檢查與調(diào)整，必要時(shí)更換齒輪。車輛行駛中，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋突然發(fā)出響聲，一般為齒輪打壞,應(yīng)及時(shí)停車檢查并更換相應(yīng)零件。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出比較均勻連續(xù)的尖銳響聲，車速越高，響聲越大，且伴有橋売發(fā)熱現(xiàn)象，一般為軸承間隙過(guò)小，可用手觸摸發(fā)熱部位，確定哪個(gè)軸承過(guò)緊，并進(jìn)行調(diào)整。當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋發(fā)出“嘩啦、嘩啦”雜亂響聲，且車速越高，響聲越大，增減車速都有響聲，一般為差速器売體支撐軸承間隙過(guò)大，應(yīng)拆檢進(jìn)行調(diào)整。4其它故障(1) 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋売體變形與裂紋。主要原因是在長(zhǎng)期超載情況下工作和車輛在不平道路上行駛時(shí)不減速,使橋売受到較大沖擊振動(dòng)和金屬疲勞損傷等。(

7、2) 半軸套管彎曲。內(nèi)側(cè)輪胎磨耗大,輪胎胎側(cè)接近于鋼板彈簧，制動(dòng)鼓轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)已碰擦到制動(dòng)底板上方，有較明顯碰擦痕跡,半軸能碰到半軸套管內(nèi)端等。在保養(yǎng)時(shí), 應(yīng)對(duì)半軸套管進(jìn)行探傷檢查，檢查油封軸頸處有無(wú)裂紋,檢查軸頸與軸承配合情況，不允許軸承內(nèi)座圈松動(dòng)。(3) 輪轂軸承松動(dòng)。原因是軸承走內(nèi)圈，軸頸磨損過(guò)大。(4) 半軸折斷。車輛在不平道路上高速行車時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋上下跳動(dòng)，當(dāng)騰空后落地的一瞬間，半軸所受應(yīng)力極大， 以致發(fā)生折斷。若后橋売已發(fā)生變形，半軸在橋売中轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) 受阻，使用長(zhǎng)久后金屬材料疲勞，或加工工藝不妥，內(nèi)應(yīng)力較大，往往也會(huì)發(fā)生半軸折斷現(xiàn)象。APPendixTranslation：Common Fau

8、lt Analysis and Solution for Agricultural Vehicle Drive BridgeAbstract: in the course of long-term use, the vehicles driving bridge is prone to heat, noise, oil leakage and other faults due to different degree of damage. This paper analyzes the causes of the barrier and introduces the solutions. Key

9、 words: clothing and motor vehicles;Drive bridge; Fault analysis; Solutions The function of the drive bridge is to transfer the relevant torque from the engine to the drive wheel to achieve speed reduction and torsion. The main components of the drive bridge are speed reducers, differential machines

10、, half-axes, Gears, etc. In the course of operation, they not only withstand large radial and axial forces, but also withstand great torque, and are often subjected to severe impact. The effect of the impact, The parts are worn and deformed to different degrees, the relative position is changed, and

11、 the original cooperation relationship of the accessories is destroyed, resulting in the failure of the driving bridge, such as heat, noise, and oil leakage, which affects the normal use of the vehicle.1 Drive Bridge FeverAfter the vehicle is driven for a period of time, it is very hot to touch the

12、back bridge with the hand, or the surface temperature of the back bridge is measured with an infrared thermometer. If more than 85T is found, it is considered overheated. (1) The reason for the fever: 1) The bearings are too tight, the gear gap is too small, and the oil seal is too tight. This will

13、cause the friction to increase when the driving bridge rotates, and the temperature rises, which will cause the driving bridge to heat up. 2 )The drive bridge lacks gear oil, gear oil spoilage or the gear oil used does not meet the requirements. The lack of gear oil in the drive bridge will cause th

14、e various fittings in the drive bridge to generate semi-dry friction or dry rubbing when moving relative to each other. The friction coefficient will increase, and the friction force will increase accordingly, and the temperature will increase, leading to heat.(2) Solution: 1. If the oil seal is par

15、tially overheated, the technical status of the oil seal should be further checked and replaced as appropriate. If the bearings are partially overheated, the bearings should be readjusted. Other local overheating cases can be examined and eliminated in combination with the heating position. 2 If the

16、whole is overheated, first of all should check the bridge after the gear oil level, if too low, should be standard injection gear oil. If normal, the gear oil is hand-twisted to check whether the viscosity is too high, whether the lubrication energy is too poor or whether its specifications meet the

17、 requirements, and the gear oil is replaced as appropriate. The overloading of the vehicle is also an important reason for the overheating of the main reducer. Care should be taken not to overload the speed limit.2 Drive Bridge Oil SpillLubricants leak outward from the joints of the rear bridge, or

18、the rear bridge releases produce cracks(such as weld cracking, etc.). (1) The reason for the oil leak: 1. Too much oil is added, the pressure in the release body increases in operation, and the lubricant seeps. 2 Drive the bridge cover various screw holes, thread disassembly, silk tooth gap increase

19、, lubricating oil leakage from the thread. 3 The oil seal is different from the shaft neck, the oil seal is reversed, the oil seal is damaged, or the shaft neck is worn with the oil seal, or there is a groove on the surface. 4 Oil seal aging deterioration, wear loose or improper assembly. The back o

20、f the bridge produces cracks. (2) Solution: 1 Remove the inspection hole screw plug, if there is oil flowing out, the oil level is too high. Check the air plug again for clogging. Due to the blockage of the air hole in the ventilation plug, the pressure in the rear bridge will increase, so that the

21、lubricant will leak out from the oil seal or gasket. 2.The loosening of the fastening bolts at each joint site will also cause oil leakage at the pad. 3 Oil leakage from the semi-axial sleeve or the bearing cover of the main reducer, should be checked whether the oil seal is damaged, whether the sha

22、ft neck is worn, etc. 4 After the outer surface of the bridge is leaking oil, it should be checked whether there are sandholes or cracks in the bridge.3 Drive Bridge Different SoundWhen the vehicle is driving, the driving bridge makes a loud noise and increases with the speed higher and larger. (1)

23、Causes: 1 The gap between the main, slave Bevel gear or main, slave cylindrical gear of the main reducer is too large. The meshing gap of the main, slave or slave Gears of the main reducer is too small. 3 Each part of the shaft is not properly installed, and the wear is serious or the peeling is dam

24、aged. 4 Planetary gears, half-axle gear wheels, washers, half-axle gear slots and half-axis spline keys wear seriously. 5 5 differential bearing cover bolts loose or dependent Bevel gear rivet loose. The gears beat the teeth.(2) Solution: 1 When the speed of the vehicle changes or when the speed is

25、unstable, the driving bridge emits a relatively crisp impact sound, and the speed is steady and timed, and the sound is not obvious. This is mainly caused by the large meshing gap of the gear. The meshing gap of the gear should be checked and adjusted. 2 When the vehicle is driving, the driving brid

26、ge emits a cough cough sound, and the higher the speed, the greater the sound, and the too high temperature of the body with the hand to touch the main reducer, which is generally due to the small meshing gap of the gear or insufficient lubricant. The height of the oil surface shall be checked in ti

27、me, and the meshing gap of the gear shall be checked and adjusted. 3 The drive bridge makes a rhythmic hard, hard sound, probably due to the loose rivet of the slave Bevel gear. The bias of the slave Bevel gear occurs during work, which is caused by uneven meshing gaps. It should be checked and repa

28、ired in a timely manner. 4 If the vehicle rings when turning and the sound weakens when driving in a low-speed straight line, it is generally due to the large meshing gap between the differential planetary gear and the half-axle gear or the wear and tear of the half-shaft gear and the key slot. At t

29、his point, the technical status of the planetary gears and half-axle gears should be checked and adjusted, and the gears should be replaced if necessary. 5 When a vehicle is driving, the driving bridge suddenly makes a noise, which is generally broken by the gear. It should be stopped and checked in

30、 time and the corresponding parts should be changed. The drive bridge emits a sharp sound that is relatively uniform and continuous. The higher the speed of the car, the greater the noise, and is accompanied by the phenomenon of bridge heat. Generally, the gap between the bearings is too small. The

31、hand can be used to touch the heating area to determine which bearings are too tight and adjust. 7 When the driving bridge emits a clatter, clatter noise, and the higher the speed, the greater the noise, the increase or decrease in the speed of the noise, generally the differential support bearing g

32、ap is too large, should be opened for adjustment.4 Other malfunctions(1) Drive the deformation and crack of the bridge body. The main reason is that the work and the vehicle do not slow down while driving on uneven roads under long-term overload conditions, so that the bridge is subjected to large impact vibration and metal fatigue damage. (2) Semi-axis sleeve bending.