簡單句的基本結構.ppt

英語句子的基本結構 簡單句、并列句和復合句,英語句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。簡單句就是指只含有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。,英語簡單句五種基本結構,1. S十V（主謂結構） 2. S十V十 P（主系表結構） 3. S十V十O（主謂賓結構） 4. S十V十O1十O2 （主謂雙賓結構） 5. S十V十O 十C （主謂賓賓補結構） 說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語； O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語； C賓語補足語,一、S十V句式 （主謂結構）,在此句式中, V是不及物動詞(vi.)。例如： Things change.事物是變化的。 Nobody went.沒有人去。 -Did you go by sea？你們走的是海路嗎？ -No，we flew.不，我們是飛去。 He runs quickly. 他跑得快。 They listened carefully. 他們聽得很仔細。 My ink has run out. 我的鋼筆水用完了。,二、S十V十P句式 （主系表結構）,在此句式中, V是系動詞(link v.), 常見的系動詞有：look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall (ill / asleep), stand/sit (still), become, turn等。例如：,Mr. Turner is an artist.特納先生是位畫家. He seemed interested in the book. The story sounds interesting. The desk feels hard. 書桌摸起來很硬。 The cake tastes nice. 餅嘗起來很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice. The milk turned sour.牛奶變酸了 You have grown taller than before. He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。 He became a teacher when he grew up.,注意：有些系動詞同時也是及物動詞, 可構成SVO句式, 例如：,He looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。 They are tasting the fish. 他們在品嘗魚。 They grow rice in their home town. 他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。,三、S十V十O句式 （主謂賓結構）,在此句式中, V是及物動詞(vt.), 因此有賓語。例如： I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部電影。 They found their home easily. They built a house last year. They have taken good care of the children. You should look after your children well. 你應該好好照看你的孩子。 We never beat children.我們從來不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐會料理一切。,四、S十V十O1十O2句式 （主謂雙賓結構）,在此句式中, V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞，兩個賓語一個是間接賓語，一個是直接賓語。常見的帶雙賓語的動詞有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get等。例如： He gave the book to his sister. Ill write you a long letter.我將寫給你一封長信。 He gave me a book/a book to me. 他給我一本書。 He brought me a pen/a pen to me. He offered me his seat/his seat to me.,注意下邊動詞改寫后 介詞的變化：,Mother bought me a book / a book for me. He got me a chair / a chair for me. 他給我弄了一把椅子。 Please do me a favor / a favor for me. 請幫我一下。 Id like to ask you a favor / a favor of you.,五、S十V十O 十C句式 （主謂賓賓補結構）,在此句式中, V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。賓語足補語與賓語一起構成復合賓語。常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多, 哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補, 須根據動詞的慣用法而定, 不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子，把賓語補足語劃出來：,五、S十V十O 十C句式 （主謂賓賓補結構）,They made the girl angry. They found her happy that day. I found him out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。 Please make yourselves at home. We could hear the children at play outside. He considered herself above others. They named the boy Charlie. They felt the car moving fast. I heard the glass broken just now. I advise you not to change your plan.,注意：有時兩個或更多的并列主語擁有一個共同的謂語，甚至并列有兩個主語和兩個謂語，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句，例：,China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發(fā)展。 （China and other countries in the east Asia是并列主語） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。,簡單句的五種常見基本結構在實際運用的過程中，我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子加上狀語進行修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實。但不管如何變，都只有一個主謂結構。如(劃線部分都是句子的附加成份)：,He worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked) He is a student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞student) Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. (劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子),并列句就是由并列連詞把兩個或多個簡單句連接起來而成的句子。,常用的并列連詞有：and, or, but, so, while, when等。and用作并列連詞，連接兩個并列句時，可表示并列關系、遞進關系、因果關系。or可以表示并列關系，也可表示因果關系，but表示轉折關系，so可表示因果關系。while可表示比較或對比，when 則表示時間，相當于and at that time(就在那時)。,Work hard, and you will succeed. (and表示因果關系) Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. (or表示因果關系) He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all get on well with him. I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars. I was going to leave home when the telephone rang.,（but 表示轉折）,（so 表示因果）,(when表示時間，相當于and at that time),(while表示對比),復合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子,這種結構中，必定有一個主謂結構是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結構則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。常見的從句有定語從句(分限制性定從和非限制性定從), 名詞從句(分主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句和同位語從句), 狀語從句(分時間狀從, 地點狀從, 原因狀從, 目的狀從, 結果狀從, 條件狀從, 方式狀從, 讓步狀從和比較狀從)。從句部分一般都有引導詞引導這個從句。,As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引導一個定語從句) What he says doesnt suit what he does. (本句包含兩個名詞性從句：What he says 是主語從句；what he does 是賓語從句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引導一個表示地點的狀語從句),即時練習,下列句子是屬于簡單句、并列句還是復合句，如果是簡單句，標明屬于哪一種：,1. We always work hard at English. 2. He said he didnt come. 3. I think (that) you are right. 4. What did you buy? 5. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 6. Your job today is to help the old man. 7. Speaking doesnt mean doing. 8. I work as others do. 9. He didnt stop working although he was ill. 10. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.,（主謂）,11. What a warm-hearted man he is! 12. I will tell him when he comes back. 13. How well she dances! 14. It takes me an hour to get there. 15. I found the book easy. 16. Ill let him go. 17. Living in that country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. 18. I will have my hair cut. 19. I found it difficult to learn English well. 20. Tom lent me a book.,21. The leaves turn green. 22. I gave Tom a present. 23. This is why we put off the meeting. 24. I do it because I like it. 25. Tell him to wait for us. 26. He got up early so that he could catch the bus. 27. He runs faster than you (do). 28. He got up early in order to catch the bus. 29. I will go to the park and visit it. 30. The news that they won the match is true.,31. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 32. This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 33. What he wants is a book. 34. He spoke so fast that I cant follow him 35. There are plenty of sheep where I live. 36. If you will go, please tell me. 37. I did my homework. 38. Have you found the book (that) you want? 39. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise. 40. It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.,41. Whe